Scientific phenomena named after people

Collatz conjecture (a.k.a. Ulam conjecture, Kakutani's problem, Thwaites conjecture, Hasse's algorithm, Syracuse problem), graph – Lothar Collatz (or Stanislaw Ulam, Shizuo Kakutani, Sir Bryan Thwaites, Helmut Hasse)

Colpitts oscillator – Edwin H. Colpitts

Compton effect, scattering, wavelength – Arthur Compton

Compton–Getting effect – Arthur Compton and Ivan A. Getting

Coolidge effect – from a joke attributed to John Calvin Coolidge, Jr.

Cooper pair – Leon Cooper

Cope elimination, rearrangement – Arthur Clay Cope

Corey–Fuchs reaction – Elias James Corey and Philip L. Fuchs

Corey–Kim oxidation – Elias James Corey and Choung Un Kim

Corey–Winter olefin synthesis – Elias James Corey and Roland Arthur Edwin Winter

Coriolis effect – Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis

Cotton effect – Aimé Auguste Cotton

Cotton–Mouton effect – Aimé Auguste Cotton and Henri Mouton

Coulomb constant, law – Charles Augustin de Coulomb

Coulter counter, principle – Wallace Henry Coulter

Cowling number – probably Thomas George Cowling

Coxeter–Dynkin diagram – Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter and Eugene Borisovich Dynkin

Crabtree effect – Herbert Grace Crabtree

Criegee reaction, rearrangement – Rudolf Criegee

Curie point – Pierre Curie

Curry's paradox – Haskell Curry

Curtin–Hammett principle – David Yarrow Curtin and Louis Plack Hammett

Curtius rearrangement – Theodor Curtius

D

Dakin reaction, Dakin-West reaction – Henry Drysdale Dakin (and Randolph West)

Dalton's law (of partial pressures) – John Dalton

Damerau–Levenshtein distance – Frederick J. Damerau and Vladimir Levenshtein

Danishefsky reaction – Samuel J. Danishefsky

Darlington pair – Sidney Darlington

Darcy's law – Henry Darcy

Darwin drift – Charles Galton Darwin

Darwin point, Darwinism – Charles Darwin

Darzens condensation – Auguste George Darzens

Davies–Bouldin index (DBI) – David L. Davies and Donald W. Bouldin

de Broglie wavelength – Louis de Broglie

de Bruijn sequences – Nicolaas Govert de Bruijn

de Haas–van Alphen effect – Wander Johannes de Haas and Pieter M. van Alphen

de Haas–Shubnikov effect – see Shubnikov–de Haas effect, below

Deborah number – the prophetess Deborah (Bible, Judges 5:5)

Debye effect, length, model, shielding – Peter Joseph William Debye

Debye–Falkenhagen effect – Peter Joseph William Debye and Hans Falkenhagen

Richard Dedekind has many topics named after him; see biography article.

Delbrück scattering – Max Ludwig Henning Delbrück

Delépine reaction – Stéphane Marcel Delépine

Dellinger effect (a.k.a. Mögel–Dellinger effect) – John Howard Dellinger (and Hans Mögel)

Demjanov rearrangement – Nikolai Jakovlevich Demjanov

Dermott's law – Stanley Dermott

Dess–Martin oxidation – Daniel Benjamin Dess and James Cullen Martin

Dice's coefficient – Lee Raymond Dice

Dieckmann condensation – Walter Dieckmann

Diels–Alder reaction – Otto Paul Hermann Diels and Kurt Alder

Diophantine equation – Diophantus of Alexandria

Dirac comb, fermion, spinor, equation, delta function, measure – Paul Dirac

Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet has dozens of formulas named after him, see List of things named after Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet

Divisia index – François Divisia

Doebner–Miller reaction – Oscar Döbner (Doebner) and Wilhelm von Miller

Dollo's law – Louis Dollo

Donnan effect (a.k.a. Gibbs–Donnan effect) – see Gibbs–Donnan effect, below

Doppler effect (a.k.a. Doppler-Fizeau effect), Doppler profile – Christian Doppler (and Hippolyte Fizeau)

Dötz reaction – Karl Heinz Dötz

Downs–Thomson paradox – Anthony Downs and John Michael Thomson

Drake equation (a.k.a. Sagan equation, Green Bank equation) – Frank Drake (or Carl Sagan or Green Bank, West Virginia, home to the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO))

Droste effect – Dutch chocolate maker Droste

Drude model – Paul Drude

Duff's device – Tom Duff

Duffing equation, map – Georg Duffing

Duhamel's integral, and principle – Jean-Marie Constant Duhamel

Dulong–Petit law – Pierre Louis Dulong and Alexis Thérèse Petit

Dunitz angle – see Bürgi–Dunitz angle, above

Dyson–Harrop satellite – Brooks L. Harrop and Freeman Dyson

E

Early effect – James M. Early

Eddington limit – Arthur Eddington

Edgeworth–Bowley box – Francis Ysidro Edgeworth and Arthur Lyon Bowley

Edison effect – Thomas Edison

Edman degradation – Pehr Victor Edman

Edward–Lemieux effect (a.k.a. Anomeric effect) – John Thomas Edward and Raymond U. Lemieux

Eglinton reaction – Geoffrey Eglinton

Ehrenfest paradox – Paul Ehrenfest

Eimer's organ – Gustav Heinrich Theodor Eimer

Einstein Cross, effect, radius, ring, shift – Albert Einstein

Einstein–de Haas effect – Albert Einstein and Wander Johannes de Haas

Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen paradox (a.k.a. EPR paradox, Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen–Bohm paradox) – Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky, Nathan Rosen (and David Bohm)

Ekman layer – Walfrid Ekman

Elbs reaction – Karl Elbs

Elliott–Halberstam conjecture – Peter D. T. A. Elliott and Heini Halberstam

Elman network – Jeff Elman

Elsasser number – Walter M. Elsasser

Engel curve – Ernst Engel

Engelbart's Law – Douglas Engelbart

Epimenides paradox – Epimenides of Knossos

Erlenmeyer flask, rule, synthesis – Richard August Carl Emil Erlenmeyer

Eschenmoser fragmentation – Albert Eschenmoser

Eschweiler–Clarke reaction – Wilhelm Eschweiler and Hans Thacher Clarke

Eshelby's inclusion – John D. Eshelby

Étard reaction – Alexandre Léon Étard

Ettinghausen effect – Albert von Ettinghausen

Euler this and that (numerous entries) – Leonhard Euler

Evershed effect – John Evershed

F

Faà di Bruno's formula – Francesco Faà di Bruno

Faraday constant, effect, Faraday's law of induction, Faraday's law of electrolysis – Michael Faraday

Farnsworth–Hirsch fusor – Philo T. Farnsworth and Robert L. Hirsch

Favorskii reaction, rearrangement – Alexei Yevgrafovich Favorskii

Fenton reaction – Henry John Horstman Fenton

Fermat's principle – Pierre de Fermat

Fermi energy, paradox, surface, Fermion – Enrico Fermi

Fermi–Dirac statistics – Enrico Fermi and Paul Dirac

Ferrers diagram (a.k.a. Young diagram, Ferrers graph) – Norman Macleod Ferrers

Feshbach resonance – Herman Feshbach

Feynman diagram – Richard Feynman

Finkelstein reaction – Hans Finkelstein

Fischer esterification, indole synthesis – Emil Hermann Fischer

Fischer–Hafner reaction – Ernst Otto Fischer and Walter Hafner

Fischer–Tropsch process – Franz Joseph Emil Fischer and Hans Tropsch

Fischer–Hepp rearrangement – Otto Philipp Fischer and Eduard Hepp

Fisher distribution – Ronald A. Fisher

Fisher equation – Irving Fisher

Fitts' law – Paul M. Fitts

Flesch–Kincaid readability test – Rudolf F. Flesch and J. Peter Kincaid

Fletcher–Munson effect and Fletcher–Munson curves – Harvey Fletcher and Wilden A. Munson

Flynn effect – Jim Flynn

Forbush effect – Scott Ellsworth Forbush

Forer effect (a.k.a. Barnum effect) – Bertram R. Forer (and Phineas Taylor Barnum)

Foucault effect (a.k.a. Foucault pendulum) – Jean Bernard Léon Foucault

Fourier number – Joseph Fourier

Fourier series – Joseph Fourier

Fourier–Motzkin elimination – Joseph Fourier and Theodore Motzkin

Franck–Condon factor, principle, transition – James Franck and Edward Uhler Condon

Franssen effect – Nico Franssen

Franz–Keldysh effect – Walter Franz and Leonid V. Keldysh

Fraunhofer diffraction, lines – Joseph von Fraunhofer

Freeman law – Ken Freeman

Fresnel zone – Augustin Fresnel

Frey effect – Allan H. Frey

Friedel oscillations – Jacques Friedel

Friedel–Crafts reaction – Charles Friedel and James Mason Crafts

Friedländer synthesis – Paul Friedländer

Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric (a.k.a. Friedmann–Robertson–Walker metric, Robertson–Walker metric) – Alexander Friedmann, Georges Lemaître, Howard P. Robertson and Arthur Geoffrey Walker

Fries and Photo-Fries rearrangement – Karl Theophil Fries

Fritsch–Buttenberg–Wiechell rearrangement – Paul Ernst Moritz Fritsch, Wilhelm Paul Buttenberg, and Heinrich G. Wiechell

Frobenius algebra, automorphism, method, norm, theorem – Ferdinand Georg Frobenius

Froude number – William Froude

Fry readability formula – Edward Fry

Fujita scale (a.k.a. F-Scale, Fujita–Pearson scale) – Tetsuya Theodore Fujita (and Allen Pearson)

Fujiwhara effect – Sakuhei Fujiwhara

G

Gabriel synthesis – Siegmund Gabriel

Garman limit – Elspeth Garman

Gattermann reaction – Ludwig Gattermann

Gattermann–Koch reaction – Ludwig Gattermann and Julius Arnold Koch

Gaunt factor (or Kramers–Gaunt factor) – John Arthur Gaunt (and Hendrik Anthony Kramers)

Gause's principle – Georgii Gause

Gauss's law – Carl Friedrich Gauss

Gauss–Bonnet gravity, theorem – Carl Friedrich Gauss and Pierre Ossian Bonnet

Geib–Spevack process (a.k.a. Girdler sulfide (GS) process) – Karl-Hermann Geib and Jerome S. Spevack (and the Girdler company, which built the first American plant using the process)

Geiger counter (a.k.a. Geiger–Müller counter) – Johannes Wilhelm (Hans) Geiger (and Walther Müller)

Geiger–Marsden experiment (a.k.a. Rutherford experiment) – Johannes Wilhelm (Hans) Geiger and Ernest Marsden

Geiger–Müller tube – Johannes Wilhelm (Hans) Geiger and Walther Müller

Geiger–Nuttall law/rule – Johannes Wilhelm (Hans) Geiger and John Mitchell Nuttall

Geissler tube – Heinrich Geissler

Gibbs entropy, free energy, paradox, Gibbs' phase rule, Gibbs phenomenon – Josiah Willard Gibbs

Gibbs–Donnan effect (a.k.a. Donnan effect) – Josiah Willard Gibbs and Frederick G. Donnan

Gibbs–Marangoni effect (a.k.a. Marangoni effect) – Josiah Willard Gibbs and Carlo Marangoni

Gibbs–Helmholtz equation – Josiah Willard Gibbs and Hermann von Helmholtz

Gibbs–Thomson effect – Josiah Willard Gibbs and three Thomsons: James Thomson, William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, Sir Joseph John "J. J." Thomson

Giffen good – Sir Robert Giffen

Gloger's rule – Constantin Wilhelm Lambert Gloger

Goldbach's conjecture – Christian Goldbach

Goldstone boson (a.k.a. Nambu–Goldstone boson) – see Nambu–Goldstone boson, below

Gomberg–Bachmann reaction – Moses Gomberg and Werner Emmanuel Bachmann

Goodhart's law – Charles Goodhart

Goos–Hänchen effect or shift – Hermann Fritz Gustav Goos and Hilda Hänchen

Gould Belt – Benjamin Gould

Grashof number – Franz Grashof

Greisen–Zatsepin–Kuzmin cut-off/limit (a.k.a. GZK cutoff/limit) – Kenneth Greisen, Georgiy Zatsepin and Vadim Kuzmin

Gresham's law – Sir Thomas Gresham

Griess test (diazotization reaction) – Johann Peter Griess

Grignard reaction – François Auguste Victor Grignard

Grob fragmentation – Cyril A. Grob

Gromov–Witten invariant – Mikhail Gromov and Edward Witten

Grosch's law – Herbert Reuben John Grosch

Grotrian diagram – Walter Robert Wilhelm Grotrian

Grotthuss chain – Christian Johann Dietrich Theodor von Grotthuss

Grotthuss–Draper law – Christian Johann Dietrich Theodor von Grotthuss and John William Draper

Gunn diode, effect – John Battiscombe "J. B." Gunn

Gunning fog index – Robert Gunning

Gustafson's law, a.k.a. Gustafson–Barsis's law – John L. Gustafson (and Edward H. Barsis)

Gutenberg–Richter law – Beno Gutenberg and Charles Francis Richter

H

Haar measure – Alfréd Haar

Hadamard inequality – Jacques Solomon Hadamard

Hadamard transform (a.k.a. Hadamard–Rademacher–Walsh transform) – Jacques Hadamard, Hans Rademacher, and Joseph L. Walsh

Haitz's law – Roland Haitz

Haldane effect – John Scott Haldane

Haldane's principle – John Burdon Sanderson Haldane

Hall effect – Edwin Hall

Hamilton's rule – William Donald "Bill" Hamilton

Hamming distance, weight – Richard Hamming

Hammond postulate – George Simms Hammond

Hanle effect – Wilhelm Hanle

Hardy notation, space – Godfrey Harold Hardy

Hardy–Littlewood circle method, first conjecture – Godfrey Harold Hardy and John E. Littlewood

Hardy–Weinberg principle – Wilhelm Weinberg and Godfrey Harold Hardy

Harrod–Johnson diagram – Roy F. Harrod and Harry G. Johnson

Hartley oscillator – Ralph Hartley

Hartman effect – Thomas E. Hartman

Hartmann mask (or hat) – Johannes Hartmann

Hartree energy – Douglas Hartree

Hasse's algorithm – see Collatz conjecture, above

Hasse diagram, principle – Helmut Hasse

Hasse–Minkowski theorem – Helmut Hasse and Hermann Minkowski

Hausdorff dimension – Felix Hausdorff

Hawthorne effect – from the Hawthorne Works factory (where experiments were carried out 1924–1932)

Hayashi track – Chushiro Hayashi

Hayflick limit – Leonard Hayflick

Hawking radiation (a.k.a. Bekenstein–Hawking radiation) – Stephen Hawking (and Jacob Bekenstein)

Heaviside layer – see Kennelly–Heaviside layer

Hebbian learning – Donald Olding Hebb

Heine–Borel theorem – Heinrich Eduard Heine and Félix Édouard Justin Émile Borel

Heinlein's razor – see Hanlon's razor, above

Heisenberg uncertainty principle – Werner Heisenberg

Hellmann–Feynman theorem – Hans Hellmann and Richard Feynman

Helmholtz free energy, Helmholtz resonance – Hermann von Helmholtz

Hénon map – Michel Hénon

Hénon-Heiles equation, potential – Michel Hénon and Carl Heiles

Henrietta's law – see Leavitt's law, below

Henyey track – Louis G. Henyey

Herbig Ae/Be star – George Herbig

Herbig–Haro object – George Herbig and Guillermo Haro

Herbrand base, interpretation, structure, universe, and Herbrand's theorem – Jacques Herbrand

Herschel effect – Sir John Herschel

Hertz effect – Heinrich Rudolf Hertz

Hertzsprung–Russell diagram – Ejnar Hertzsprung and Henry Norris Russell

Hess afterimage – Carl von Hess

Hess diagram – R. Hess

Heusler alloy – Fritz Heusler

Heyting algebra, arithmetic – Arend Heyting

Hick's law, a.k.a. Hick–Hyman law – William Edmund Hick and Ray Hyman

Higgs boson, field – Peter Higgs

Higgs mechanism – see Anderson–Higgs mechanism, above

Hilbert–Waring theorem (a.k.a. Waring's problem) – David Hilbert and Edward Waring

Hill sphere (a.k.a. Roche sphere) – George William Hill (and Édouard Roche)

Hills cloud – Jack G. Hills

Hipparchic cycle – Hipparchus of Nicaea (a.k.a. Hipparchus of Rhodes)

Hirayama family – Kiyotsugu Hirayama

Hirsch–Meeks fusor – Robert L. Hirsch and Gene A. Meeks

Hofstadter's butterfly, law – Douglas Hofstadter

Holetschek effect – Johann Holetschek

Hopfield network – John J. Hopfield

Hořava–Lifshitz gravity – Petr Hořava and Evgeny Lifshitz

Hořava–Witten domain wall – Petr Hořava and Edward Witten

Hubbert peak – Marion King Hubbert

Hubble constant, expansion – Edwin Hubble

Hubble–Reynolds law – Edwin Hubble and John Henry Reynolds

Huchra's Lens – John Huchra

Humphreys line/series – Curtis J. Humphreys

Hund's Rules – Friedrich Hund

Hunsdiecker reaction – Heinz Hunsdiecker and Cläre Hunsdiecker

Hunt–McIlroy algorithm – James W. Hunt and Douglas McIlroy

Huygens–Fresnel principle – Christiaan Huygens and Augustin-Jean Fresnel

I

Imbert–Fedorov effect – Christian Imbert and Fedor Ivanovič Fedorov

Ishikawa diagram – Kaoru Ishikawa

Ising model (a.k.a. Lenz–Ising model) – Ernst Ising (and Wilhelm Lenz)

J

Jaccard index, similarity coefficient, distance – Paul Jaccard

Jaffe profile (or model) – Walter Jaffe

Jahn–Teller effect – Hermann Arthur Jahn and Edward Teller

Jaro–Winkler distance – Matthew A. Jaro and William E. Winkler

Jarque–Bera test – Carlos M. Jarque and Anil K. Bera

Jeans's theorem – James Hopwood Jeans

Johnson–Nyquist noise – John B. Johnson and Harry Nyquist

Jordan's rule/law – David Starr Jordan

Josephson constant, effect, junction – Brian David Josephson

Joule's law (a.k.a. Joule–Lenz law) – James Prescott Joule and Heinrich Friedrich Emil Lenz

Joule–Thomson effect (a.k.a. Joule–Kelvin effect) – James Prescott Joule and William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin

K

K3 surface – Ernst Kummer, Erich Kähler, Kunihiko Kodaira

Kähler differential, manifold, metric – Erich Kähler

Kakutani's problem – see Collatz conjecture, above

Kármán vortex street – Theodore von Kármán

Karnaugh map (a.k.a. Karnaugh–Veitch map, Veitch diagram) – Maurice Karnaugh (and Edward W. Veitch)

Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions (a.k.a. Kuhn–Tucker conditions) – William Karush, Harold W. Kuhn and Albert W. Tucker

Kasha's rule – Michael Kasha

Kater's pendulum – Captain Henry Kater

Kaye effect – Alan Kaye

Keeling curve – Charles David Keeling

Kelvin–Joule effect – William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin

Kelvin–Voigt material, model – Woldemar Voigt and William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin

Kennelly–Heaviside layer – Arthur Edwin Kennelly and Oliver Heaviside

Kennicutt–Schmidt law (a.k.a. Schmidt-Kennicutt law, Schmidt law) – Maarten Schmidt and Robert Kennicutt

Kepler's laws of planetary motion – Johannes Kepler

Kerr effect – John Kerr

Kirkendall effect – Ernest Kirkendall

Kleene star (a.k.a. Kleene operator, Kleene closure) – Stephen Kleene

Klein–Gordon equation – Oskar Klein and Walter Gordon

Klein–Nishina effect – Oskar Klein and Yoshio Nishina

Knudsen cell, number – Martin Hans Christian Knudsen

Kodaira dimension, embedding theorem, vanishing theorem – Kunihiko Kodaira

Koenigs–Knorr reaction – Wilhelm Koenigs and Edward Knorr

Kohn effect – Walter Kohn

Kohn–Sham equations – Walter Kohn and Lu Jeu Sham

Kohonen network – Teuvo Kohonen

Kolakoski sequence – William Kolakoski

Kolbe electrolysis – Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe

Kolbe–Schmitt reaction – Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe and Rudolf Schmitt

Kondo effect – June Kondo

Kornblum oxidation – Nathan Kornblum

Kornblum–DeLaMare rearrangement – Nathan Kornblum and Harold E. DeLaMare

Kossel effect – Walther Kossel

Kosterlitz–Thouless transition – see Berezinsky–Kosterlitz–Thouless transition, above

Kozai effect – Yoshihide Kozai

Krebs cycle – Hans Adolf Krebs

Kratzer potential – Adolf Kratzer

Kronecker delta – Leopold Kronecker

Kuhn–Tucker conditions – see Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions, above

Kuiper belt – Gerard Kuiper

Kummer's function, Kummer surface – Ernst Kummer

Kuramoto model – Yoshiki Kuramoto

L

Lagrangian mechanics, Lagrange points – Joseph-Louis Lagrange

Lamb shift – Willis Lamb

Lambert's cosine law (a.k.a. Lambert's emission law) – Johann Heinrich Lambert

Landau damping, pole – Lev Davidovich Landau

Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect – Lev Davidovich Landau, Isaak Pomeranchuk, and Arkady Migdal

Landau–Zener transition – Lev Davidovich Landau and Clarence Zener

Landé g-factor – Alfred Landé

Langmuir probe – Irving Langmuir

Langmuir–Blodgett film – Irving Langmuir and Katharine B. Blodgett

Laplace vector – see Laplace–Runge–Lenz vector, below

Laplace–Runge–Lenz vector (a.k.a. LRL vector, Laplace vector, Runge–Lenz vector, Lenz vector) – Pierre-Simon de Laplace, Carl Runge and Wilhelm Lenz

Larmor frequency, precession, radius – Sir Joseph Larmor

Larsen effect – Søren Larsen (scientist)

Laspeyres index – Ernst Louis Etienne Laspeyres

Leavitt's law (a.k.a. Henrietta's law) – Henrietta Swan Leavitt

Le Chatelier's principle – Henri Louis Le Chatelier

Lee distance – C. Y. Lee

Lee-Smith algorithm – William C. Y. Lee and Herman L. Smith

Leidenfrost effect, point – Johann Gottlob Leidenfrost

Lenard effect – Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard

Lennard-Jones potential – John Lennard-Jones

Lense–Thirring effect (a.k.a. Thirring effect) – Josef Lense and Hans Thirring

Lenz vector – see Laplace–Runge–Lenz vector, above

Lenz's law – Heinrich Friedrich Emil Lenz

Leonard–Merritt mass estimator – Peter Leonard and David Merritt

Levenshtein distance, automaton – Vladimir Levenshtein

Levi-Civita symbol – Tullio Levi-Civita

Lewis–Mogridge Position – David Lewis and Martin J. H. Mogridge

Little–Parks effect – William A. Little and Roland D. Parks

Littlewood–Offord problem – John E. Littlewood and A. Cyril Offord

Locard's exchange principle – Edmond Locard

Lombard effect – Étienne Lombard

London force – Fritz London

Lorentz force, transformation – Hendrik Antoon Lorentz

Lorentz–Lorenz equation – Hendrik Antoon Lorentz and Ludvig Lorenz

Lorenz attractor – Edward Norton Lorenz

Lorenz curve – Max O. Lorenz

Lorenz gauge condition – Ludvig Lorenz

Lorenz–Mie scattering – see Mie scattering, below

Loschmidt's paradox – Johann Josef Loschmidt

Lotka's law – Alfred J. Lotka

Lotka–Volterra equation – Alfred J. Lotka and Vito Volterra

Love waves – Augustus Edward Hough Love

Lucas critique – Robert Lucas, Jr.

Lyapunov's central limit theorem, equation, exponent, fractal, function, stability, test, time and tube – Aleksandr Mikhailovich Lyapunov

Lyman line, series – Theodore Lyman

M

Mach band/effect, number, principle – Ernst Mach

Mach–Zehnder interferometer – Ludwig Mach and Ludwig Zehnder

Madelung constant, Madelung rule, Madelung energy – Erwin Madelung

Maggi–Righi–Leduc effect – Gian Antonio Maggi, Augusto Righi and Sylvestre Anatole Leduc

Magnus effect – Heinrich Gustav Magnus

Mahalanobis distance – Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis (প্রশান্ত চন্দ্র মহলানবিস)

Mahler measure, Mahler's theorem – Kurt Mahler

Malmquist bias, effect – Karl Gunnar Malmquist

Malus' law – Étienne-Louis Malus

Malthusian parameter – named by Ronald Fisher as a criticism of Thomas Robert Malthus

Malthusian catastrophe, growth model – Thomas Robert Malthus

Mandel'shtam–Brillouin scattering – Leonid Isaakovich Mandel'shtam and Léon Brillouin

Marangoni cell/convection (a.k.a. Bénard–Marangoni convection) – see Bénard–Marangoni cell/convection, above

Marangoni effect (a.k.a. Gibbs–Marangoni effect) – see Gibbs–Marangoni effect, above

Markov's inequality, chain, partition, Markovian process – Andrey Markov

Mathieu functions – Émile Léonard Mathieu

Matilda effect – Matilda Joslyn Gage

Matthew effect – Matthew the Evangelist

Maxwell effect (optics) – James Clerk Maxwell

Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution – James Clerk Maxwell and Ludwig Boltzmann

Maxwell–Wien bridge – James Clerk Maxwell(?) and Wilhelm Wien

Mazurkiewicz trace – Antoni Mazurkiewicz

McCollough effect – Celeste McCollough

McCulloch–Pitts neuron – Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts

McGurk effect (a.k.a. McGurk–MacDonald effect) – Harry McGurk (and John MacDonald)

Mealy machine – George H. Mealy

Meissner effect (a.k.a. Meissner–Ochsenfeld effect) – Walther Meissner (and Robert Ochsenfeld)

Mendelian inheritance – Gregor Mendel

Mercalli intensity scale (Modified Mercalli scale) – Giuseppe Mercalli

Metonic cycle – Meton of Athens

Meyers synthesis – Albert I. Meyers

Mie scattering (a.k.a. Lorenz–Mie scattering) – Gustav Mie (and Ludvig Lorenz)

Mihăilescu's theorem (a.k.a. Catalan's conjecture) – Preda Mihăilescu

Mikheyev–Smirnov–Wolfenstein effect – Stanislav Mikheyev, Alexei Smirnov, and Lincoln Wolfenstein

Miller effect – John Milton Miller

Miller indices (a.k.a. Miller–Bravais indices) – William Hallowes Miller (and Auguste Bravais)

Misznay–Schardin effect – Col. Misznay and Hubert Schardin

Mögel–Dellinger effect – see Dellinger effect, above

Mohorovičić discontinuity (Moho) – Andrija Mohorovičić

Mohr's circle – Christian Otto Mohr

Mohr–Coulomb theory – Christian Otto Mohr and Charles-Augustin de Coulomb

Mooers' law – Calvin Mooers

Moore machine – Edward Forrest Moore

Moore's law – Gordon E. Moore

Morgan unit – Thomas Hunt Morgan

Moreton wave – Gail E. Moreton

Morse potential – Philip M. Morse

Mössbauer effect – Rudolf Mössbauer

Mott cross section, Mott insulator, Mott transition – Nevill Francis Mott

Mpemba effect – Erasto B. Mpemba

Müllerian mimicry – Fritz Müller

Munroe effect – Charles Edward Munroe

Murphy's law – Maj. Edward A. Murphy, Jr.

N

Nambu–Goldstone boson (a.k.a. Goldstone boson) – Yoichiro Nambu and Jeffrey Goldstone

Nash equilibrium – John Forbes Nash

Nassi–Shneiderman diagram – Isaac Nassi and Ben Shneiderman

Necker cube – Louis Albert Necker

Needleman–Wunsch algorithm – Saul B. Needleman and Christian D. Wunsch

Néel temperature – Louis Néel

Nernst equation – Walther Hermann Nernst

Nernst-Ettingshausen effect – Walther Hermann Nernst and Albert von Ettingshausen

Neupert effect – Werner Neupert

Newcomb's paradox – William Newcomb

Newton's rings, Newtonian constant, mechanics – Isaac Newton

Nichols–Tolman effect – Nichols and Richard Chace Tolman

Noether's theorem – Emmy Noether

Nordmann–Tikhoff effect – Charles Nordmann and Gavriil Adrianovich Tikhov

Nordtvedt effect – Kenneth L. Nordtvedt

Nurgaliev's law – Ildus S. Nurgaliev

Nyquist frequency, Nyquist rate – Harry Nyquist

Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem (a.k.a. Nyquist–Shannon–Kotelnikov, Whittaker–Shannon–Kotelnikov, Whittaker–Nyquist–Kotelnikov–Shannon, WKS theorem) – Harry Nyquist, Claude Shannon, Edmund Taylor Whittaker, and Vladimir Kotelnikov

O

Oberth effect – Hermann Oberth

O'Connell effect – Daniel Joseph Kelly O'Connell

Olbers' paradox – Heinrich Wilhelm Olbers

Ohm's law – Georg Ohm

Okun's law – Arthur Okun

Omori's Law – Fusakichi Omori

Onnes effect – Heike Kamerlingh Onnes

Oort cloud (a.k.a. Öpik-Oort Cloud) – Jan Hendrik Oort (and Ernst Julius Öpik)

Ostriker–Peebles criterion – Jeremiah P. Ostriker and Jim Peebles

Ostwald's dilution law, Ostwald process – Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald

Overhauser effect – Albert Overhauser

Ovshinsky effect – Stanford R. Ovshinsky

P

Paal–Knorr synthesis – Carl Paal and Ludwig Knorr

Pareto chart, distribution, efficiency, index, principle – Vilfredo Federico Damaso Pareto

Pareto–Zipf law (a.k.a. Zipf–Mandelbrot law) – Vilfredo Pareto and George K. Zipf (or Benoît Mandelbrot)

Parrondo's games, paradox – Juan Manuel Rodríguez Parrondo

Paschen curve, line, law – Friedrich Paschen

Paschen–Back effect – Friedrich Paschen and Ernst Back

Pasteur effect – Louis Pasteur

Paternò–Büchi reaction – Emanuele Paternò and George Büchi

Patzer effect – Gordon L. Patzer

Pauli exclusion principle – Wolfgang Pauli

Peano curve – Giuseppe Peano

Pearson–Anson effect – Stephen Oswald Pearson and Horatio Saint George Anson

Péclet number – Jean Claude Eugène Péclet

Peltier effect – Jean Charles Athanase Peltier

Perlin noise – Ken Perlin

Perron–Frobenius theorem – Oskar Perron, and Ferdinand Georg Frobenius

Petkau effect – Abram Petkau

Petri dish – Julius Richard Petri

Petri net – Carl Adam Petri

Peyer's patches – Johann Conrad Peyer

Pfeiffer effect – Paul Pfeiffer

Pfund line/series – August Herman Pfund

Phillips curve – William Phillips (economist)

Pigou effect – Arthur Cecil Pigou

Pisot–Vijayaraghavan number – Charles Pisot and Tirukkannapuram Vijayaraghavan

Planck constant, length, mass, time – Max Planck

Platonic year – Plato

Pockels effect – Friedrich Carl Alwin Pockels

Pogson ratio – Norman Robert Pogson

Poincaré map, section – Jules-Henri Poincaré

Poincaré–Bendixson theorem – Jules-Henri Poincaré and Ivar Otto Bendixson

Poinsot's spirals – Louis Poinsot

Polchinski's paradox – Joseph Polchinski

Polian vesicles – Giuseppe Saverio Poli

Potts cluster, Potts model (a.k.a. Ashkin-Teller model) – Renfrey B. Potts

Pourbaix diagram – Marcel Pourbaix

Poynting effect, vector – John Henry Poynting

Poynting–Robertson effect – John Henry Poynting and Howard P. Robertson

Prandtl number – Ludwig Prandtl

Primakov effect – ? Primakov

Proteus phenomenon – Proteus (mythological god)

Prouho's membrane – Henri Prouho

Pulfrich effect – Carl P. Pulfrich

Purkinje effect/shift – Johannes Evangelista Purkinje

Pygmalion effect (a.k.a. Rosenthal effect, Observer-expectancy effect) – Pygmalion (and Robert Rosenthal)

R

Rabi oscillations – Isidor Isaac Rabi

Rademacher distribution, function, series, sum – Hans Adolph Rademacher

Rademacher–Kolmogorov theorem – Hans Adolph Rademacher and Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov

Rademacher–Menchov theorem – Hans Adolph Rademacher and ? Menchov

Raman scattering – Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman

Ramsauer–Townsend effect (a.k.a. Ramsauer effect, Townsend effect) – Carl Ramsauer and John Sealy Townsend

Ramsden circle/disc/eyepoint, eyepiece – Jesse Ramsden

Ramsey spectroscopy – Norman F. Ramsey

Ramsey theory – Frank Plumpton Ramsey

Ramsey–DeFinetti theorem – Frank Plumpton Ramsey and Bruno de Finetti

Rapoport's rule – Eduardo H. Rapoport

Raychaudhuri's equation – Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri (অমল কুমার রায়চৌধুরী)

Raygor Estimate Graph – Alton L. Raygor

Rayleigh criterion, distribution, fading, number, quotient, scattering, waves – Lord Rayleigh

Rayleigh–Bénard cell/convection – Lord Rayleigh and Henri Bénard

Rayleigh–Jeans law – Lord Rayleigh and Sir James Jeans

Rees–Sciama effect – Martin Rees and Dennis Sciama

Reidemeister moves – Kurt Reidemeister

Rescorla–Wagner rule – Robert A. Rescorla and Allan R. Wagner

Reynolds number, Reynolds analogy – Osborne Reynolds

Ribot's law (of Retrograde Amnesia) – Théodule-Armand Ribot

Ricardian equivalence – see Barro-Ricardo equivalence, above

Richards controller – Charles L. Richards

Richardson's constant, equation, law – Owen Willans Richardson

Richardson number – Lewis Fry Richardson

Richter magnitude scale – Charles Francis Richter

Righi–Leduc effect (a.k.a. Leduc–Righi effect) – Augusto Righi and Sylvestre Anatole Leduc

Ringelmann effect – Max Ringelmann

Robertson–Walker metric (a.k.a. Friedmann–Robertson–Walker metric) – see Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric, above

Roche limit – Édouard Roche

Roche sphere (a.k.a. Hill sphere) – Édouard Roche (and George William Hill)

Rollin film – Bernard V. Rollin

Rosenthal effect (a.k.a. Pygmalion effect, Observer-expectancy effect) – Robert Rosenthal (and Pygmalion)

Rossby waves – Carl-Gustaf Arvid Rossby

Rossi–Forel scale – Michele Stefano Conte de Rossi and François-Alphonse Forel

Rössler equation – Otto Rössler

Rossmann fold – Michael Rossmann

Royer oscillator – George H. Royer

Ruelle operator, zeta function – David Ruelle

Ruelle–Perron–Frobenius theorem – David Ruelle, Oskar Perron, and Ferdinand Georg Frobenius

Ruhmkorff coil – Heinrich D. Ruhmkorff

Runge–Lenz vector – see Laplace–Runge–Lenz vector

Runge's phenomenon – Carle David Tolmé Runge

Russell's paradox – Bertrand Russell

Rutherford experiment (a.k.a. Geiger–Marsden experiment), scattering – Ernest Rutherford

Rybczynski theorem – Tadeusz Rybczynski

Rydberg constant, formula – Johannes Rydberg

Rydberg–Klein–Rees method – Johannes Rydberg, Oskar Klein, and Albert Lloyd George Rees

S

Sabatier or Sabattier effect – Sabat[t]ier, first name unknown

Sachs–Wolfe effect – Rainer K. Sachs and Arthur M. Wolfe

Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale – Herbert S. Saffir and Robert ("Bob") Simpson

Sagnac effect – Georges Sagnac

Saha ionization equation (a.k.a. Saha–Langmuir equation) – Megh Nad Saha (মেঘনাদ সাহা) (and Irving Langmuir)

St. Elmo's fire – Erasmus of Formiae

Salem number – Raphaël Salem

Sapir–Whorf hypothesis – Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf

Sasakian manifold, metric – Shigeo Sasaki

Say's law – Jean-Baptiste Say

Scheerer's phenomenon (Blue field entoptic phenomenon) – Richard Scheerer

Schering Bridge – Harald Schering

Schild plot, regression analysis – Heinz Otto Schild

Schmidt law, Schmidt–Kennicutt law – see Kennicutt–Schmidt law, above

Schottky effect – Walter H. Schottky

Schröter effect – Johann Hieronymus Schröter

Schülen–Wilson effect – see Wilson effect, below

Schuler period, tuning – Maximilian Schuler

Schumann–Runge bands – Victor Schumann and Carle David Tolmé Runge

Schwarzschild effect, metric, radius – Karl Schwarzschild

Scott effect – Elizabeth L. Scott

Searl effect – John R. R. Searl

Secchi (stellar) class, depth, disk – Pietro Angelo Secchi

Seebeck effect – Thomas Johann Seebeck

Seiberg–Witten gauge theory – Nathan Seiberg and Edward Witten

Seiberg–Witten invariant – Nathan Seiberg and Edward Witten

Senftleben–Beenakker effect – Hermann Senftleben and Jan J. M. Beenakker

Sertoli cells – Enrico Sertoli

Serre duality – Jean-Pierre Serre

Seyfert galaxy – Carl Keenan Seyfert

Shapiro effect – Irwin Shapiro

Shimizu–Morioka attractor, equations – Tatsujiro Shimizu and Nozomi Morioka

Shubnikov–de Haas effect – Wander Johannes de Haas and Lev Vasiljevich Shubnikov

Sieberg tsunami intensity scale – August H. Sieberg

Sieberg–Ambraseys tsunami intensity scale – August H. Sieberg and Nicholas N. Ambraseys

Simmons–Smith reaction – Howard Ensign Simmons, Jr.

Simpson's paradox (a.k.a. Yule–Simpson effect) – Edward H. Simpson (and Udny Yule)

Simroth's organs – Heinrich Rudolf Simroth

Smale's horseshoe – Stephen Smale

Smale–Rössler theorem – Stephen Smale and Otto Rössler

Smith–Waterman algorithm – Temple F. Smith and Michael S. Waterman

Snell's law – Willebrord van Roijen Snell

Soloviev tsunami intensity scale – Sergey L. Soloviev

Sommerfeld–Kossel displacement law – Arnold Sommerfeld and Walther Kossel

Sørensen similarity index, similarity coefficient – Thorvald Sørensen

Spörer's law, Spörer Minimum – Gustav Spörer

Staebler–Wronski effect – David L. Staebler and Christopher R. Wronski

Stark effect (a.k.a. Stark–Lo Surdo effect) – Johannes Stark (and Antonino Lo Surdo)

Stark ladder (a.k.a. Wannier–Stark ladder, q.v.) – Johannes Stark and Gregory Hugh Wannier

Stark–Einstein law – Johannes Stark and Albert Einstein

Stebbins–Whitford effect – Joel Stebbins and Albert Edward Whitford

Stefan's constant, law (a.k.a. Stefan–Boltzmann constant, law) – Jožef Stefan (and Ludwig Boltzmann)

Stensen's duct – Niels Stensen

Stern–Levison parameter – S. Alan Stern and Harold F. Levison

Stevens effect – Joseph C. and Stanley Smith Stevens

Stevens' power law – Stanley Smith Stevens

Stewart's organs – Charles Stewart

Stewart–Tolman effect – Thomas Dale Stewart and Richard Chace Tolman

Stirling number – James Stirling

Stokes radius – George Gabriel Stokes

Stokes shift – George Gabriel Stokes

Stolper–Samuelson theorem – Paul Samuelson and Wolfgang Stolper

Strömgren age, photometry, sphere – Bengt Georg Daniel Strömgren

Strömgren–Crawford photometry – Bengt Georg Daniel Strömgren and David L. Crawford

Stroop effect – John Ridley Stroop

Strouhal number – Vincenc Strouhal

Stueckelberg action – Ernst Carl Gerlach Stueckelberg

Sturgeon's law – Theodore Sturgeon

Sturmian trajectories – Charles François Sturm

Suess effect – Hans Eduard Suess

Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect – Rashid Sunyaev and Yakov Zel'dovich

Syracuse problem – see Collatz conjecture, above

T

Tait–Bryan angles (a.k.a. Cardan angles, nautical angles) – Peter Guthrie Tait and George H. Bryan

Talbot effect – William Henry Fox Talbot

Taylor cone – Geoffrey Ingram Taylor

Teller–Ulam design – Edward Teller and Stanislaw Ulam

Thévenin's theorem – Léon Charles Thévenin

Thirring effect – see Lense–Thirring effect, above

Thomas precession – Llewellyn Thomas

Thomas–Fermi approximation, model – Llewellyn Hilleth Thomas and Enrico Fermi

Thomson cross-section, effect – William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin

Thorndike's laws (of effect, readiness, and exercise) – Edward L. Thorndike

Thorson's rule – Gunnar Thorson

Thouless energy – David J. Thouless

Thwaites conjecture – see Collatz conjecture, above

Tiedemann's bodies – Friedrich Tiedemann

Tiffeneau–Demjanov rearrangement – Marc Tiffeneau and Nikolai Demyanov

Tobin's q – James Tobin

Tolman effects – Richard Chace Tolman

Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit – Richard Chace Tolman, J. Robert Oppenheimer, and George Michael Volkoff

Tonks–Girardeau gas – Lewi Tonks and Marvin D. Girardeau

Townsend effect (a.k.a. Ramsauer effect, Ramsauer–Townsend effect), ionization coefficient – John Sealy Townsend

Tricomi's equation – Francesco Giacomo Tricomi

Troxler's effect/fading – Ignaz Paul Vital Troxler

Tsytovich effect – Vadim N. Tsytovich

Tsytovich–Razin effect (a.k.a. Tsytovich–Eidman–Razin effect) – see Razin effect, above

Tychonoff space – Andrey Nikolayevich Tychonoff

Tyndall effect/scattering – John Tyndall

U

Ulam conjecture – see Collatz conjecture

Ulam's packing conjecture – Stanislaw Ulam

Unruh effect – William G. Unruh

V

Vackář oscillator (a.k.a. Tesla oscillator) – Jirí Vackář (and Nikola Tesla)

Van Allen radiation belt – James Van Allen

Van de Graaff generator – Dr. Robert Jemison Van de Graaff

Van der Pol equation, oscillator – Balthasar van der Pol

Van der Waals force – Johannes Diderik van der Waals

Van Hove singularity – Léon Van Hove

Van Stockum cylinder, dust – Willem Jacob van Stockum

Vavilovian mimicry – Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov

Veblen effect – Thorstein Veblen

Veitch diagram – see Karnaugh map, above

Venturi effect – Giovanni Battista Venturi

Venn diagram – John Venn

Vierordt's law – Karl von Vierordt

Vogt-Russell theorem – Heinrich Vogt and Henry Norris Russell

Voigt effect, notation, profile – Woldemar Voigt

Voigt material – see Kelvin–Voigt material, above

Von Klitzing constant – Klaus von Klitzing

Von Neumann ordinal, von Neumann architecture – John von Neumann

Von Restorff effect – Hedwig von Restorff

Von Zeipel theorem – Edvard Hugo von Zeipel

W

Wadati–Benioff zone (a.k.a. Benioff zone) – Kiyoo Wadati and Hugo Benioff

Wahlund effect – Sten Gösta William Wahlund

Wallace's line – Alfred Russel Wallace

Walras' law – Léon Walras

Wannier function, orbital – Gregory Wannier

Wannier–Stark ladder (a.k.a. Stark ladder) – Gregory Wannier and Johannes Stark

Warburg effect – Otto Warburg

Waring's problem (a.k.a. Hilbert–Waring theorem) – Edward Waring (and David Hilbert)

Weber–Fechner law (Weber's law, Fechner's law) – Ernst Heinrich Weber and Gustav Theodor Fechner

Weberian apparatus – Ernst Heinrich Weber

Weierstrass–Casorati theorem – Karl Theodor Wilhelm Weierstrass and Felice Casorati

Weierstrass's elliptic functions, factorization theorem, function, M-test, preparation theorem – Karl Theodor Wilhelm Weierstrass

Weissenberg effect – Karl Weissenberg

Wess–Zumino–Witten model – Julius Wess, Bruno Zumino and Edward Witten

Wess–Zumino model – Julius Wess, Bruno Zumino

Westermarck effect - Edvard Westermarck

Weston cell – Edward Weston

Wheatstone bridge – Sir Charles Wheatstone (improved and popularized it; the inventor was Samuel Hunter Christie)

Whittaker function, Whittaker integral, Whittaker model – Edmund Taylor Whittaker

Whittaker–Shannon interpolation formula – Edmund Taylor Whittaker, John Macnaghten Whittaker, Claude Shannon

Widrow–Hoff rule – Bernard Widrow and Ted Hoff

Wiedemann–Franz law – Gustav Wiedemann and Rudolf Franz

Wiegand effect – John R. Wiegand

Wien bridge (Wien's bridge), constant, effect, law – Wilhelm Wien

Wiener filter, process – Norbert Wiener

Wigmore chart – John Henry Wigmore

Wigner energy, Wigner effect – Eugene Wigner

Wigner–Seitz cell – Eugene Wigner and Frederick Seitz

Willshaw network – David J. Willshaw

Wilson cycle – John Tuzo Wilson

Wilson effect (a.k.a. Schülen-–Wilson effect) – Alexander Wilson (and ? Schülen)

Wilson–Bappu effect – Olin Chaddock Wilson and Manali Kallat Vainu Bappu

Witten index – Edward Witten

Wollaston prism – William Hyde Wollaston

Woodward–Hoffmann rules – Robert Burns Woodward and Roald Hoffmann

Woodward effect – James F. Woodward

Wolf effect – Emil Wolf

Wulf bands – Oliver R. Wulf

Y

Yarkovsky effect – Ivan Osipovich Yarkovsky

YORP effect – Ivan Osipovich Yarkovsky, John A. O'Keefe, Vladimir Vyacheslavovich Radzievskii, and Stephen J. Paddack

Young diagram (a.k.a. Ferrers diagram), Young tableau – Alfred Young

Young's modulus – Thomas Young

Yule–Simpson effect (a.k.a. Simpson's paradox) – Edward H. Simpson and Udny Yule

Z

Zeeman effect – Pieter Zeeman

Zeigarnik effect - Bluma Zeigarnik

Zener effect – Clarence Melvin Zener

Zeno effect – Zeno of Elea

Zipf's law – George K. Zipf

Zipf–Mandelbrot law (a.k.a. Pareto–Zipf law) – George K. Zipf and Benoît Mandelbrot (or Vilfredo Pareto)

References

Scientific phenomena named after people Wikipedia

(Text) CC BY-SA

Contents

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

R

S

T

U

V

W

Y

Z

References