Hanlon is a surname often associated with, but not necessarily tied to, the O'Hanlon Sept. The name may denote:
Alfred Charles Hanlon, New Zealand lawyer
Darren Hanlon, Australian folk musician
George Hanlon, British-born acrobat (see Hanlon-Lees)
Glen Hanlon, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
John Hanlon (record producer), American record producer and recording engineer
The Reverend John J. Hanlon, chancellor of the Diocese of Albany
John Hanlon (singer), New Zealand singer-songwriter
Michael Hanlon (1964–2016), British science writer
Ned Hanlon, American baseball manager
Philip J. Hanlon, American mathematician and President of Dartmouth College
Richie Hanlon, fictional character from Oz
Ritchie Hanlon, English football player and manager
Tommy Hanlon Jr, Australian television personality