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The 3x + 1 problem is also known as the Collatz conjecture, named after him and still unsolved. The Collatz–Wielandt formula, for positive matrices important in the Perron–Frobenius theorem, was also named after him.
Biography
Collatz studied at different universities in Germany including the University of Berlin under Alfred Klose, receiving his doctorate in 1935 for a dissertation entitled Das Differenzenverfahren mit höherer Approximation für lineare Differentialgleichungen (The finite difference method with higher approximation for linear differential equations).
For his many contributions to the field, Collatz had many honors bestowed upon him in his lifetime, including:
election to the German Academy of Scientists Leopoldina, the academy at Bologna and Modena in Italy.
honorary member of the Hamburg Mathematical Society
honorary degrees by the University of São Paulo, the Technical University of Vienna, the University of Dundee in Scotland, Brunel University in England, the Technical University of Hanover, and the Technical University of Dresden.
He died in Varna, Bulgaria, while attending a mathematics conference.
Selected works
Das Differenzenverfahren mit höherer Approximation für lineare Differentialgleichungen (= Schriften des mathematischen Seminars und des Instituts für angewandte Mathematik der Universität Berlin - Band 3/Heft 1), Leipzig 1935
Eigenwertprobleme und ihre numerische Behandlung. Leipzig 1945
Eigenwertaufgaben mit technischen Anwendungen. Leipzig 1949, 1963
Numerische Behandlung von Differentialgleichungen. Berlin 1951, 1955 (Eng. trans. 1966)
Differentialgleichungen für Ingenieure. Stuttgart 1960
with Wolfgang Wetterling: Optimierungsaufgaben Berlin 1966, 1971 (Eng. trans. 1975)
Funktionalanalysis und Numerische Mathematik. Berlin 1964
Differentialgleichungen. Eine Einführung unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Anwendungen. Stuttgart, Teubner Verlag, 1966, 7th edn. 1990
with Julius Albrecht: Aufgaben aus der angewandten Mathematik I. Gleichungen in einer und mehreren Variablen. Approximationen. Berlin 1972
Numerische Methoden der Approximationstheorie. vol. 2. Vortragsauszüge der Tagung über Numerische Methoden der Approximationstheorie vom 3.-9. Juni 1973 im Mathematischen Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach, Stuttgart 1975
Approximationstheorie: Tschebyscheffsche Approximation und Anwendungen. Teubner 1973
