Outline of immunology

Essence of immunology

Branch of Biomedical science

Immune system

Immunity

Branches of immunology

Classical immunology

Clinical immunology

Computational immunology

Diagnostic immunology

Evolutionary immunology

Systems immunology

Immunomics

Immunoproteomics

Immunophysics

Immunochemistry

Ecoimmunology

Immunopathology

Nutritional immunology

Psychoneuroimmunology

Reproductive immunology

Circadian immunology

Immunotoxicology

Palaeoimmunology

Tissue-based immunology

Testicular immunology - Testes

Immunodermatology - Skin

Intravascular immunology - Blood

Osteoimmunology - Bone

Mucosal immunology - Mucosal surfaces

Respiratory tract antimicrobial defense system - Respiratory tract

Neuroimmunology - Neuroimmune system in the Central nervous system

Ocularimmunology - Ocular immune system in the Eye

Cancer immunology/Immunooncology - Tumors

History of immunology

Timeline of immunology

General immunological concepts

Immunity:

Immunity against:

Pathogens

Pathogenic bacteria

Viruses

Fungi

Protozoa

Parasites

Tumors

Allergens

Self-proteins

Autoimmunity

Alloimmunity

Cross-reactivity

Tolerance

Central tolerance

Peripheral tolerance

Clonal anergy

Clonal deletion

Tolerance in pregnancy

Immunodeficiency

Antigen

Antigenicity

Immunogen

Superantigen

Allergen

Hapten

Epitope

Linear

Conformational

Mimotope

Tumor antigen

Antigen-antibody interaction

Immunogenetics

Affinity maturation

Somatic hypermutation

Clonal selection

V(D)J recombination

Artemis complex

Recombination-activating gene

RAG1

RAG2

Recombination signal sequences

Junctional diversity

Immunoglobulin class switching

Allelic exclusion

Polyclonal response

Phagocytosis

Opsonin

Intrinsic immunity

Leukocyte extravasation

Cross-presentation

Immune repertoire

Original antigenic sin

Antigen presentation

Immunological synapse

Co-stimulation

Adaptive immune system

Humoral immunity

Antibodies

Kinds of Antibodies

Monoclonal antibodies

Polyclonal antibodies

Autoantibody

Microantibody

Neutralizing antibody

Classification

Allotype

Isotype

Idiotype

Functions

Antibody opsonization

Neutralisation

Regions

Paratope

Complementarity determining region (CDRs)

Hypervariable region

Framework region

Fab Region

Fc Region

Polyclonal B cell response

Cell-mediated immunity

Innate immune system

Complement system

Classical complement pathway

Mannan-binding lectin pathway

Alternate complement pathway

Complement membrane attack complex

Surface barriers – Physical or chemical barriers that prevent infection (i.e. skin, tears, mucus, saliva, Gastric acid, etc.)

Antimicrobial peptides

Defensins

Lysozyme

Inflammation

Inflammatory reflex

Inflammasome

Granuloma

Acute-phase proteins

Amyloid

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Thymus - Site of T Cell maturation

Bone Marrow - Site of Haematopoiesis and B Cell maturation

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Spleen

White Pulp

Red Pulp

Marginal zone

Lymph Nodes

Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue

Gut-associated lymphoid tissue

Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue

Myeloid Cells

Granulocytes

Neutrophils

Eosinophils

Basophils

Mast cells

Monocytes

Macrophages

Histiocytes (Tissue resident macrophages)

Adipose tissue macrophages

Kupffer cell - Liver

Alveolar macrophage (Dust cell) - Lung

Langerhans cell - Skin

Dermal macrophage - Dermis

Microglia - CNS

Perivascular macrophage

Meningeal macrophage - Meninges

Hofbauer cell - Placenta

Osteoclasts - Bone

Bone marrow macrophage - Bone marrow

Marginal zone macrophage - Spleen

Metallophilic macrophage - Spleen

Red pulp macrophage - Splenic red pulp

Tingible body macrophage (White pulp macrophage) - Splenic white pulp

Giant cells

Foreign-body giant cell

Langhans giant cell

Touton giant cells

Epithelioid cells

Bone marrow-derived macrophages - Generated in vitro

Dendritic Cells

Conventional Dendritic Cells

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells

Lymphoid Cells

B cells

Plasma B cells

Memory B cells

B-1 cells

B-2 cells (the conventional B cells most texts refer to)

Marginal-zone B cells

Follicular B cells

T cells

Naive T cells

Helper T cells - Commonly termed CD4+ T cells

Th1 cells

Th2 cells

Th3 cells

Th17 cells

T_FH cells - Follicular helper T cells

Cytotoxic T cells - Commonly termed CD8+ T cells

Memory T cells

Regulatory T cells

Natural Killer T cells (NKT cells)

γδ T cells

Mucosal associated invariant T cells

Innate lymphoid cells (ILC)

Group 1 ILC

Natural killer cells (NK cells)

Group 2 ILC

Nuocyte

Group 3 ILC

Lymphoid Tissue inducer cells (LTi cells)

Others

(Non-hematopoietic cells with immune functions)

Stromal cells

Lymph node stromal cells

Follicular dendritic cells

Epithelial cells

Pericytes

Microfold cells (M cells)

Hematopoiesis

Lymphopoiesis

Lymphoblast

Prolymphocyte

T cell development

Thymocyte

B cell development

Pre-pro-B cell

Early pro-B cell

Late pro-B cell

Large pre-B cell

Small pre-B cell

Immature B cell

Myelopoiesis

Common myeloid progenitor (CFU-GEMM)

Granulocyte-macrophage progenitor (CFU-GM)

Granulopoiesis

Myeloblast (CFU-G)

Promyelocyte

Myelocyte

Metamyelocyte

Band cell

Monocytopoiesis

Monoblast (CFU-M)

CFU-DL - Dendritic cell / Langerhans cell precursor

Promonocyte

CFU-Baso (Basophil precursor)

CFU-Eos (Eosinophil precursor)

Megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell (MEP)

Megakaryocytopoiesis

CFU-Meg

Megakaryoblast

Promegakaryocyte

Megakaryocyte

Thrombopoiesis

Thrombocyte (Platelets)

Erythropoiesis

Proerythroblast

Normoblast

Reticulocyte

CFU-Mast

Mast cell precursors

Antigen receptors

B cells

Antigen receptor - B cell receptor (BCR)

Subunits- Immunoglobulin heavy chain / Immunoglobulin light chain

Co-receptors

Stimulatory

CD21

CD19

CD81

Inhibitory

CD22

Accessory molecule (CD79)

Ig-α (CD79A)

Ig-β (CD79B)

T cells

Antigen receptor - T cell receptor (TCR)

Subunits - TRA@ / TRB@ / TRD@ / TRG@

Co-receptors

CD8 (CD8α / CD8β)

CD4

Accessory molecules

CD3

Subunits - one CD3γ / one CD3δ / two CD3ε

ζ-chain (CD247, CD3ζ, TCRζ)

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)

Membrane-bound PRRs

Toll-like receptors (TLRs)

Cytoplasmic PRRs

NOD-like receptors (NLRs)

NLRA (A for acidic transactivating domain)

CIITA

NLRB (B for BIR, or Inhibitor of apoptosis domain)

NAIP

NLRC (C for CARD domain)

Secreted PRRs

Complement system (see complement proteins section)

Collectins

Complement receptors

CR1 (CD35)

CR2 (CD21)

CR3 - Heterodimer: CD11b / CD18

CR4 - Heterodimer: CD11c / CD18

CRIg (Complement receptor of the immunoglobulin family)

Anaphylatoxin receptors

C3a receptor

C5a receptor (CD88)

C5AR2

Fc receptors

Fc-gamma receptors (FcγR)

FcγRI (CD64)

FcγRIIA (CD32A)

FcγRIIB (CD32B)

FcγRIIIA (CD16a)

FcγRIIIB (CD16b)

FcγRT (Neonatal Fc receptor)

Fc-alpha receptors (FcαR)

FcαRI (CD89, FCAR)

Fcα/μR

Fc-epsilon receptors (FcεR)

FcεRI - Tetramer: FCER1A / FCER1B / two FCER1G

FcεRII (CD23)

Secreted Fc receptors

Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (poly-Ig)

Fc receptor-like molecules

Cytokine receptors

Type I cytokine receptors (Hemopoietin receptors) - Share extracellular WSXWS motif, Grouped by common receptor subunits

Common gamma chain (γ-chain, CD132)

IL2R - Heterotrimer: IL2RA (CD25) / IL2RB (CD122) / γ_c

IL4R / IL13R - Heterodimer: IL4RA / (IL13RA1/IL13RA2)

IL7R - Heterodimer: IL7RA (CD127) / γ-chain

IL9R - Heterodimer: IL9R / γ-chain

IL15R - Heterotrimer: IL15RA / IL2RB / γ-chain

IL21R - Heterodimer: IL21R / γ-chain

Common beta chain (β-chain, CD131)

IL3R - Heterodimer: IL3RA / β-chain

IL5R - Heterodimer: IL5RA / β-chain

GM-CSFR (CD116) - Heterdimer: GM-CSFRA / β-chain

Common gp130 subunit (gp130, CD130)

IL6R - Heterodimer: IL6RA / gp130

IL11R - Heterodimer: IL11RA / gp130

IL27R - Heterodimer: IL27RA / gp130

OSMR - Heterodimer: OSMR / gp130

LIFR (CD118) - Heterodimer: LIFR / gp130

IL12 receptor beta 1 subunit (IL12RB1)

IL12R - Heterodimer: IL12RB1 / IL12RB2

IL23R - Heterodimer: IL23RA / IL12RB1

Others

EPOR (Erythropoietin receptor) - Homodimer

G-CSFR (CD114) - Homodimer upon ligand binding

MPL (CD110, Thrombopoietin receptor) - Homodimer upon ligand binding

GHR (Growth hormone receptor) - Homodimer upon ligand binding

PRLR (Prolactin receptor)

Type II cytokine receptor - Lack WSXWS motif

Interferon receptors

Interferon-α/β receptor (IFNAR) - Heterodimer: IFNAR1 / IFNAR2

Interferon-γ receptor (IFNGR) - Heterodimer: IFNGR1 / IFNGR2

Interleukin receptors

IL10R - Heterodimer: IL10RA / IL10RB

IL20R - Heterodimer: IL20RA / IL20RB

IL22R - Heterodimer: IL22RA1 / IL10RB

IL28R - Heterodimer: IL28RA / IL10RB

Immunoglobulin superfamily (Some members)

CSF1

CD117 (c-KIT)

IL1 receptor family (IL1R)

IL1R type 1 (CD121a)

IL1R type 2 (CD121b)

IL1R accessory protein (IL1RAP)

IL1RL1 (IL33R, ST2)

IL18R - Heterodimer: IL18R1 / IL18RAP

IL17 family

IL17RA

IL17RB

IL17RC

IL17RD

IL17RE

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family - Trimeric cytokine receptors

Chemokine receptors - 7-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors

CC chemokine receptors (CCRs)

TGF beta receptors - Single transmembrane pass serine/threonine kinase receptors

TGFBR1

TGFBR2

TGFBR3

Natural killer cell receptors

Killer activation receptors (KARs)

Natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs)

Killer inhibitory receptors (KIRs)

Two domains, long cytoplasmic tail

Others

Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILRs)

LILR subfamily A

Eicosanoid receptors

Antibodies

Immunoglobulin A (IgA)

IgA1

IgA2

Immunoglobulin D (IgD)

Immunoglobulin E (IgE)

Immunoglobulin G (IgG)

IgG1

IgG2

IgG3

IgG4

Immunoglobulin M (IgM)

Cytokines

Chemokines

CC chemokines

CXC chemokines

C chemokines

XCL1

XCL2

CX₃C chemokines

CX₃CL1 (Fractalkine, Neurotactin)

Interferons

Interferon type I

IFN-α

IFN-β

IFN-ω

Interferon type II

IFN-γ

Interleukins

Tumor necrosis factors

Colony stimulating factors

CSF1 (M-CSF)

CSF2 (GM-CSF)

CSF3 (G-CSF)

MHCs

MHC class I

MHC class II

Complement proteins

Early stage (divided by pathway)

Classical complement pathway

C1Q complex - C1R / C1S

C4 - C4a

C2

Mannan-binding lectin pathway

MASP1 / MASP2

Mannan-binding lectin

Alternative complement pathway

Factor B

Factor D

Factor P (Properdin)

Middle stage

C3 - C3a / C3b / iC3b

C5 - C5a

C3-convertase

C5-convertase

Late stage

Membrane attack complex (MAC)

C6

C7

C8

C9

Complement pathway inhibitors

C1-inhibitor - Classical, Lectin, Alternate

Decay-accelerating factor (CD59) - Classical, Lectin, Alternate

Factor I - Classical, Lectin, Alternate

C4BP - Classical, Lectin

Factor H - Alternate

Transcription factors

NF-κB

AP-1

Interferon regulatory factors (IRF)

NFAT

T-bet - T_H1 differentiation

GATA3 - T_H2 differentiation

RORγT - T_H17 differentiation

BCL6 - T_FH differentiation

FoxP3 - T_reg differentiation

Signaling pathways

JAK-STAT signaling pathway

TGF beta signaling pathway

TLR signalling pathway

Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)

Integrins - Obligate heterodimers of one alpha and one beta subunits

Alpha subunits

Beta subunits

Dimers

Cytoadhesin receptor

Integrin alpha6beta4

Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa - Heterodimer: ITGA2B / ITGB3

Fibrinogen receptor

Macrophage-1 antigen (CR3) - Heterodimer: CD11b / CD18

Fibronectin receptor:

Integrin alpha2beta1

Integrin alpha4beta1

Integrin alpha5beta1

Leukocyte-adhesion receptor:

LFA-1 - Heterodimer: CD11a / CD18

Macrophage-1 antigen (CR3) - Heterodimer: CD11b / CD18

Integrin alphaXbeta2 (CR4) - Heterodimer: CD11c / CD18

Very late antigen receptor:

Integrin alpha1beta1

Integrin alpha2beta1

Integrin alpha3beta1

VLA-4 - Heterodimer: CD49d / CD29

Alpha-5 beta-1

Integrin alpha6beta1

Vitronectin receptor:

Alpha-v beta-3

Alpha-v beta-5

Immunoglobulin superfamily CAMs

Cadherins

Selectins

E-selectin

L-selectin

P-selectin

Others

Lymphocyte homing receptors

CD34

GLYCAM-1

Addressin (MAdCAM-1)

CD44

Carcinoembryonic antigens

CD24

CD44

CD146

CD164

Others

CD69

Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors

Co-stimulatory molecules

CD80 - Expressed by APCs

CD86 - Expressed by APCs

CD28 family receptors

CD28 - Expressed by T Cells

CD278 (ICOS) - Homodimer, expressed by T Cells

CTLA-4 (CD152)

PD-1 (CD279)

Hypersensitivity and Allergy

Type 1 hypersensitivity / Allergy / Atopy

Foreign (Allergen)

Atopic eczema

Allergic urticaria

Allergic rhinitis (Hay fever)

Allergic asthma

Anaphylaxis

Food allergy

Milk allergy

Egg allergy

Peanut allergy

Tree nut allergy

Seafood allergy

Soy allergy

Wheat allergy

Garlic allergy

Penicillin allergy

Type 2 hypersensitivity / Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)

Foreign

Pernicious anemia

Hemolytic disease of the newborn

Autoimmune

Cytotoxic

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

Bullous pemphigoid

Pemphigus vulgaris

Rheumatic fever

Goodpasture's syndrome

Type 5 / Receptor mediated

Graves' disease

Myasthenia gravis

Type 3 hypersensitivity / Immune complex

Foreign

Henoch–Schönlein purpura

Hypersensitivity vasculitis

Reactive arthritis

Farmer's lung

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

Serum sickness

Arthus reaction

Autoimmune

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Subacute bacterial endocarditis

Rheumatoid arthritis

Type 4 hypersensitivity (Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity)

Foreign

Allergic contact dermatitis

Mantoux test

Autoimmune

Diabetes mellitus type 1

Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Guillain–Barré syndrome

Multiple sclerosis

Coeliac disease

Giant-cell arteritis

GVHD (Graft-versus-host disease)

Transfusion-associated graft versus host disease

Unknown/Multiple types

Foreign

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

Transplant rejection

Latex allergy (I+IV)

Autoimmune

Sjögren's syndrome

Autoimmune hepatitis

Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome (APS1 / APS2)

Autoimmune adrenalitis

Systemic autoimmune disease

Immunodeficiency

Primary immunodeficiency

Acquired immunodeficiency

Complement deficiency

Inflammatory diseases

Sepsis

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

Cytokine storm

Immunologic techniques and tests

Flow cytometry

Mass cytometry

Histology

Adoptive cell transfer

Experiments in immunology

Genetically modified mouse

Immunofluorescence

Immunofixation

Immunoadsorption

MHC multimer

Hybridoma technology

Rabbit hybridoma

Developmental studies hybridoma bank

Immunology and Health

Prevention

Immunostimulants

Immunotherapy

Activation immunotherapy

Cancer immunotherapy

Autologous immune enhancement therapy

Immunosuppression

Sublingual immunotherapy

Allergen immunotherapy

Immunosuppressive drug

Artificial induction of immunity

Immunization

Active immunotherapy

Passive immunity

Temporarily induced immunity

Adoptive immunity

Vaccination

Vaccine-naive

Vaccine

Herd immunity

Adjuvant

Organ transplantation

Allotransplant

Transplant rejection

Immunologists

List of immunologists

Immunology lists

List of autoimmune diseases

List of immunologists

List of viruses

List of human clusters of differentiation

List of vaccine ingredients

List of allergens

List of cytokines

List of cytokine receptors

List of pattern recognition receptors

List of tissue-resident macrophages

List of branches of immunology

List of acute-phase proteins