The Cronquist system is a taxonomic classification system of flowering plants. It was developed by Arthur Cronquist in a series of monographs and texts, including The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants (1968; 2nd edition, 1988) and An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants (1981) (see Bibliography).
Contents
- The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants 1968 monocots
- Class Magnoliopsida dicotyledons
- Class Liliopsida monocotyledons
- References
Cronquist's system places flowering plants into two broad classes, Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons) and Liliopsida (monocotyledons). Within these classes, related orders are grouped into subclasses. While the scheme was widely used, in either the original form or in adapted versions, many botanists now use the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants, first developed in 1998. The system as laid out in Cronquist's An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants (1981) counts 64 orders and 321 families in class Magnoliopsida and 19 orders and 65 families in class Liliopsida.
The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants 1968 (monocots)
Class Liliatae (Monocotyledoneae)
Class Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- Subclass Magnoliidae (mostly basal dicots)
- Order Magnoliales
- Winteraceae
- Degeneriaceae
- Himantandraceae
- Eupomatiaceae
- Austrobaileyaceae
- Magnoliaceae (magnolia family)
- Lactoridaceae
- Annonaceae
- Myristicaceae
- Canellaceae
- Order Laurales
- Amborellaceae
- Trimeniaceae
- Monimiaceae
- Gomortegaceae
- Calycanthaceae
- Idiospermaceae
- Lauraceae (laurel family)
- Hernandiaceae
- Order Piperales
- Chloranthaceae
- Saururaceae
- Piperaceae (pepper family)
- Order Aristolochiales
- Order Illiciales
- Order Nymphaeales
- Nelumbonaceae
- Nymphaeaceae
- Barclayaceae
- Cabombaceae
- Ceratophyllaceae
- Order Ranunculales
- Ranunculaceae
- Circaeasteraceae
- Berberidaceae
- Sargentodoxaceae
- Lardizabalaceae
- Menispermaceae
- Coriariaceae
- Sabiaceae
- Order Papaverales
- Papaveraceae
- Fumariaceae
- Order Magnoliales
- Subclass Hamamelidae [sic: correctly Hamamelididae]
- Order Trochodendrales
- Tetracentraceae
- Trochodendraceae
- Order Hamamelidales
- Cercidiphyllaceae
- Eupteleaceae
- Platanaceae
- Hamamelidaceae
- Myrothamnaceae
- Order Daphniphyllales
- Daphniphyllaceae
- Order Didymelales
- Didymelaceae
- Order Eucommiales
- Order Urticales
- Barbeyaceae
- Ulmaceae
- Cannabaceae
- Moraceae
- Cecropiaceae
- Urticaceae
- Order Leitneriales
- Leitneriaceae
- Order Juglandales
- Rhoipteleaceae
- Juglandaceae
- Order Myricales
- Order Fagales
- Balanopaceae
- Ticodendraceae
- Fagaceae
- Nothofagaceae
- Betulaceae
- Order Casuarinales
- Order Trochodendrales
- Subclass Caryophyllidae
- Order Caryophyllales
- Phytolaccaceae
- Achatocarpaceae
- Nyctaginaceae
- Aizoaceae
- Didiereaceae
- Cactaceae (cactus family)
- Chenopodiaceae
- Amaranthaceae
- Portulacaceae
- Basellaceae
- Molluginaceae
- Caryophyllaceae
- Order Polygonales
- Order Plumbaginales
- Order Caryophyllales
- Subclass Dilleniidae
- Order Dilleniales
- Dilleniaceae
- Paeoniaceae
- Order Theales
- Ochnaceae
- Sphaerosepalaceae
- Sarcolaenaceae
- Dipterocarpaceae
- Caryocaraceae
- Theaceae (tea family)
- Actinidiaceae
- Scytopetalaceae
- Pentaphylacaceae
- Tetrameristaceae
- Pellicieraceae
- Oncothecaceae
- Marcgraviaceae
- Quiinaceae
- Elatinaceae
- Paracryphiaceae
- Medusagynaceae
- Clusiaceae
- Order Malvales
- Order Lecythidales
- Order Nepenthales
- Sarraceniaceae
- Nepenthaceae
- Droseraceae
- Order Violales
- Flacourtiaceae
- Peridiscaceae
- Bixaceae
- Cistaceae
- Huaceae
- Lacistemataceae
- Scyphostegiaceae
- Stachyuraceae
- Violaceae (violet family)
- Tamaricaceae (tamarind family)
- Frankeniaceae
- Dioncophyllaceae
- Ancistrocladaceae
- Turneraceae
- Malesherbiaceae
- Passifloraceae
- Achariaceae
- Caricaceae
- Fouquieriaceae
- Hoplestigmataceae
- Cucurbitaceae
- Datiscaceae
- Begoniaceae
- Loasaceae
- Order Salicales
- Order Capparales
- Tovariaceae
- Capparaceae
- Brassicaceae
- Moringaceae
- Resedaceae
- Order Batales
- Gyrostemonaceae
- Bataceae
- Order Ericales
- Cyrillaceae
- Clethraceae
- Grubbiaceae
- Empetraceae
- Epacridaceae
- Ericaceae
- Pyrolaceae
- Monotropaceae
- Order Diapensiales
- Order Ebenales
- Sapotaceae
- Ebenaceae
- Styracaceae
- Lissocarpaceae
- Symplocaceae
- Order Primulales
- Theophrastaceae
- Myrsinaceae
- Primulaceae
- Order Dilleniales
- Subclass Rosidae
- Order Rosales
- Brunelliaceae
- Connaraceae
- Eucryphiaceae
- Cunoniaceae
- Davidsoniaceae
- Dialypetalanthaceae
- Pittosporaceae
- Byblidaceae
- Hydrangeaceae
- Columelliaceae
- Grossulariaceae
- Greyiaceae
- Bruniaceae
- Anisophylleaceae
- Alseuosmiaceae
- Crassulaceae
- Cephalotaceae
- Saxifragaceae
- Rosaceae (rose family)
- Neuradaceae
- Crossosomataceae
- Chrysobalanaceae
- Surianaceae
- Rhabdodendraceae
- Order Fabales
- Mimosaceae (mimosa family)
- Caesalpiniaceae
- Fabaceae
- Order Proteales
- Order Podostemales
- Order Haloragales
- Haloragaceae
- Gunneraceae
- Order Myrtales
- Sonneratiaceae
- Lythraceae
- Penaeaceae
- Crypteroniaceae
- Thymelaeaceae
- Trapaceae
- Myrtaceae
- Punicaceae
- Onagraceae
- Oliniaceae
- Melastomataceae
- Combretaceae
- Alzateaceae
- Memecylaceae
- Rhyncocalycaceae
- Order Rhizophorales
- Order Cornales
- Alangiaceae
- Nyssaceae
- Cornaceae
- Garryaceae
- Order Santalales
- Medusandraceae
- Dipentodontaceae
- Olacaceae
- Opiliaceae
- Santalaceae
- Misodendraceae
- Loranthaceae
- Viscaceae
- Eremolepidaceae
- Balanophoraceae
- Order Rafflesiales
- Hydnoraceae
- Mitrastemonaceae
- Rafflesiaceae
- Order Celastrales
- Geissolomataceae
- Celastraceae
- Hippocrateaceae
- Stackhousiaceae
- Salvadoraceae
- Aquifoliaceae
- Icacinaceae
- Aextoxicaceae
- Cardiopteridaceae
- Corynocarpaceae
- Dichapetalaceae
- Tepuianthaceae
- Order Euphorbiales
- Order Rhamnales
- Rhamnaceae
- Leeaceae
- Vitaceae
- Order Linales
- Order Polygalales
- Malpighiaceae
- Vochysiaceae
- Trigoniaceae
- Tremandraceae
- Polygalaceae
- Xanthophyllaceae
- Krameriaceae
- Order Sapindales
- Staphyleaceae
- Melianthaceae
- Bretschneideraceae
- Akaniaceae
- Sapindaceae
- Hippocastanaceae
- Aceraceae
- Burseraceae
- Anacardiaceae
- Julianiaceae
- Simaroubaceae
- Cneoraceae
- Meliaceae
- Rutaceae
- Zygophyllaceae
- Order Geraniales
- Oxalidaceae
- Geraniaceae
- Limnanthaceae
- Tropaeolaceae
- Balsaminaceae
- Order Apiales
- Order Rosales
- Subclass Asteridae
- Order Gentianales
- Loganiaceae
- Retziaceae
- Gentianaceae
- Saccifoliaceae
- Apocynaceae
- Asclepiadaceae
- Order Solanales
- Duckeodendraceae
- Nolanaceae
- Solanaceae
- Convolvulaceae
- Cuscutaceae
- Menyanthaceae
- Polemoniaceae
- Hydrophyllaceae
- Retziaceae
- Order Lamiales
- Lennoaceae
- Boraginaceae
- Verbenaceae
- Lamiaceae
- Order Callitrichales
- Hippuridaceae
- Callitrichaceae
- Hydrostachyaceae
- Order Plantaginales
- Order Scrophulariales
- Buddlejaceae
- Oleaceae (olive family)
- Scrophulariaceae
- Globulariaceae
- Myoporaceae
- Orobanchaceae
- Gesneriaceae
- Acanthaceae
- Pedaliaceae
- Bignoniaceae
- Mendonciaceae
- Lentibulariaceae
- Order Campanulales
- Pentaphragmataceae
- Sphenocleaceae
- Campanulaceae
- Stylidiaceae
- Donatiaceae
- Brunoniaceae
- Goodeniaceae
- Order Rubiales
- Rubiaceae
- Theligonaceae
- Order Dipsacales
- Order Calycerales
- Order Asterales
- Order Gentianales
Class Liliopsida (monocotyledons)
- Subclass Alismatidae
- Order Alismatales
- Butomaceae
- Limnocharitaceae
- Alismataceae
- Order Hydrocharitales
- Order Najadales
- Aponogetonaceae
- Scheuchzeriaceae
- Juncaginaceae
- Potamogetonaceae
- Ruppiaceae
- Najadaceae
- Zannichelliaceae
- Posidoniaceae
- Cymodoceaceae
- Zosteraceae
- Order Triuridales
- Order Alismatales
- Subclass Arecidae
- Order Arecales
- Arecaceae (palm family)
- Order Cyclanthales
- Order Pandanales
- Pandanaceae (pandan family)
- Order Arales
- Acoraceae
- Araceae
- Lemnaceae
- Order Arecales
- Subclass Commelinidae
- Order Commelinales
- Rapateaceae
- Xyridaceae
- Mayacaceae
- Commelinaceae
- Order Eriocaulales
- Order Restionales
- Flagellariaceae
- Joinvilleaceae
- Restionaceae
- Centrolepidaceae
- Order Juncales
- Order Cyperales
- Cyperaceae
- Poaceae (Grass family)
- Order Hydatellales
- Order Typhales
- Order Commelinales
- Subclass Zingiberidae
- Order Bromeliales
- Order Zingiberales
- Strelitziaceae
- Heliconiaceae
- Musaceae
- Lowiaceae
- Zingiberaceae (Ginger family)
- Costaceae
- Cannaceae
- Marantaceae
- Subclass Liliidae
- Order Liliales
- Philydraceae
- Pontederiaceae
- Haemodoraceae
- Cyanastraceae
- Liliaceae (Lily family)
- Iridaceae (Iris family)
- Velloziaceae
- Aloeaceae (Aloe family)
- Agavaceae
- Xanthorrhoeaceae
- Hanguanaceae
- Taccaceae
- Stemonaceae
- Smilacaceae
- Dioscoreaceae
- Order Orchidales
- Geosiridaceae
- Burmanniaceae
- Corsiaceae
- Orchidaceae (Orchid family)
- Order Liliales