Taxonomy of the animals (Hutchins et al., 2003)

Updated on Apr 25, 2026

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The taxonomy of the animals presented by Hutchins et al. in 2003 in Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia is a system of classification which covers all the metazoans, from phyla to orders (or families, for Hexapoda and Pisces, or species, for Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves and Mammalia).

Phylum Porifera

Class Calcarea

Order Baeriida

Order Clathrinida

Order Leucosoleniida

Order Lithonida

Order Murrayonida

Class Hexactinellida

Order Amphidiscosida

Order Aulocalycoida

Order Hexactinosida

Order Lychniscosida

Order Lyssacinosida

Class Demospongiae

Order Agelasida

Order Astrophorida

Order Chondrosida

Order Dendroceratida

Order Dictyoceratida

Order Hadromerida

Order Halichondrida

Order Halisarcida

Order Haplosclerida

Order Homosclerophorida

Order Poecilosclerida

Order Spirophorida

Order Verongida

Order Verticillitida

Phylum Placozoa

No order designations

Phylum Monoblastozoa

No order designations

Phylum Rhombozoa

Order Dicyemida

Order Heterocyemida

Phylum Orthonectida

Order Orthonectida

Phylum Cnidaria

Class Anthozoa

Order Actiniaria

Order Alcyonacea

Order Antipatharia

Order Ceriantharia

Order Corallimorpharia

Order Helioporacea

Order Pennatulacea

Order Scleractinia

Order Zoanthidea

Class Hydrozoa

Order Actinulida

Order Capitata

Order Conica

Order Cystonectae

Order Filifera

Order Laingiomedusae

Order Limnomedusae

Order Moerisiida

Order Narcomedusa

Order Proboscoida

Order Physonectae

Order Polypodiozoa

Order Trachymedusa

Class Cubozoa

Order Cubomedusae

Class Scyphozoa

Order Coronatae

Order Rhizostomeae

Order Semaeostomeae

Order Stauromedusae

Phylum Ctenophora

Order Beroida

Order Cestida

Order Cydippida

Order Ganeshida

Order Lobata

Order Platyctenida

Order Thalassocalycida

Phylum Platyhelminthes

Class Acoela

No order designations

Class Turbellaria

Order Catenulida

Order Haplopharyngida

Order Lecithoepitheliata

Order Macrostomida

Order Polycladida

Order Prolecithophora

Order Proplicastomata

Order Proseriata

Order Rhabdocoela

Order Tricladida

Class Trematoda

Order Aspidogastrida

Order Azygiida

Order Echinostomida

Order Opisthorchiida

Order Plagiorchiida

Order Strigeatida

Class Monogenea

Order Monopisthocotylea

Order Polyopisthocotylea

Class Cestoda

Order Amphilinidea

Order Caryophyllidea

Order Cyclophyllidea

Order Diphyllidea

Order Gyrocotylidea

Order Haplobothriidea

Order Lecanicephalidea

Order Litobothriidea

Order Nippotaeniidea

Order Proteocephalidea

Order Pseudophyllidea

Order Spathebothriidea

Order Tetrabothriidea

Order Tetraphyllidea

Order Trypanorhyncha

Phylum Nemertea

Class Anopla

Order Heteronemertea

Order Palaeonemertea

Class Enopla

Order Hoplonemertea

Phylum Rotifera

Order Bdelloida

Order Collothecacea

Order Flosculariacea

Order Ploimida

Order Seisonida

Phylum Gastrotricha

Order Chaetonotida

Order Macrodasyida

Phylum Kinorhyncha

Order Cyclorhagida

Order Homalorhagida

Phylum Nematoda

Class Adenophorea

Order Araeolaimida

Order Chromadorida

Order Desmodorida

Order Desmoscolecida

Order Dorylaimida

Order Enoplida

Order Isolaimida

Order Mermithida

Order Monhysterida

Order Mononchida

Order Muspiceida

Order Stichosomida

Order Trichocephalida

Class Secernentea

Order Aphelenchida

Order Ascaridida

Order Camallanida

Order Diplogasterida

Order Rhabditida

Order Spirurida

Order Strongylida

Order Tylenchida

Phylum Nematomorpha

Order Gordioidea

Order Nectonematoidea

Phylum Acanthocephala

Order Apororhynchida

Order Echinorhynchida

Order Gigantorhynchida

Order Gyracanthocephala

Order Moniliformida

Order Neoechinorhynchida

Order Oligacanthorhynchida

Order Polymorphida

Phylum Entoprocta

Order Coloniales

Order Solitaria

Phylum Micrognathozoa

Order Limnognathida

Phylum Gnathostomulida

Order Bursovaginoidea

Order Filospermoidea

Phylum Priapulida

Order Halicryptomorphida

Order Priapulimorphida

Order Seticoronarida

Phylum Loricifera

Order Nanaloricida

Phylum Cycliophora

Order Symbiida

Phylum Echinodermata

Class Crinoidea

Order Bourgueticrinida

Order Comatulida

Order Cyrtocrinida

Order Isocrinida

Order Millericrinida

Class Asteroidea

Order Brisingida

Order Forcipulatida

Order Notomyotida

Order Paxillosida

Order Spinulosida

Order Valvatida

Order Velatida

Class Concentricycloidea

Order Peripodida

Class Ophiuroidea

Order Euryalida

Order Oegophiurida

Order Ophiurida

Class Echinoidea

Order Arbacioida

Order Cassiduloida

Order Cidaroida

Order Clypeasteroida

Order Diadematoida

Order Echinoida

Order Echinothuroida

Order Holasteroida

Order Holectypoida

Order Pedinoida

Order Phymosomatoida

Order Salenoida

Order Spatangoida

Order Temnopleurida

Class Holothuroidea

Order Apodida

Order Aspidochirotida

Order Dactylochirotida

Order Dendrochirotida

Order Elasipodida

Order Molpadiida

Phylum Chaetognatha

Order Aphragmophora

Order Phragmophora

Phylum Hemichordata

Order Cephalodiscida

Order Rhabdopleurida

Phylum Chordata

Subphylum Urochordata

Class Ascidiacea

Order Enterogona

Order Pleurogona

Class Thaliacea

Order Doliolida

Order Pyrosomatida

Order Salpida

Class Appendicularia

Order Copelata

Class Sorberacea

Order Aspiraculata

Subphylum Cephalochordata

Order Amphioxiformes

Subphylum Craniata

Superclass Pisces

Superclass Pisces (polyphyletic)

Class Myxini

Order Myxiniformes

Class Cephalaspidomorphi

Order Petromyzoniformes

Class Chondrichthyes

Order Chimaeriformes

Order Heterodontiformes

Order Orectolobiformes

Order Carcharhiniformes

Order Lamniformes

Order Hexanchiformes

Order Squaliformes

Order Squatiniformes

Order Pristiophoriformes

Order Rajiformes

Class Sarcopterygii

Order Coelacanthiformes

Order Ceratodontiformes

Order Lepidosireniformes

Class Actinopterygii

Order Polypteriformes

Order Acipenseriformes

Order Lepisosteiformes

Order Amiiformes

Order Osteoglossiformes

Order Elopiformes

Order Albuliformes

Order Anguilliformes

Order Saccopharyngiformes

Order Clupeiformes

Order Gonorynchiformes

Order Cypriniformes

Order Characiformes

Order Siluriformes

Order Gymnotiformes

Order Esociformes

Order Osmeriformes

Order Salmoniformes

Order Stomiiformes

Order Aulopiformes

Order Myctophiformes

Order Lampridiformes

Order Polymixiiformes

Order Percopsiformes

Order Ophidiiformes

Order Gadiformes

Order Batrachoidiformes

Order Lophiiformes

Order Mugiliformes

Order Atheriniformes

Order Beloniformes

Order Cyprinodontiformes

Order Stephanoberyciformes

Order Beryciformes

Order Zeiformes

Order Gasterosteiformes

Order Synbranchiformes

Order Scorpaeniformes

Order Perciformes

Suborder Percoidei

Suborder Labroidei

Suborder Zoarcoidei

Suborder Nototheniodei

Suborder Trachinoidei

Suborder Blennioidei

Suborder Icosteoidei

Suborder Gobiesocoidei

Suborder Callionymoidei

Suborder Gobioidei

Suborder Acanthuroidei

Suborder Scombroidei

Suborder Stromateoidei

Suborder Anabantoidei

Suborder Channoidei

Order Pleuronectiformes

Order Tetraodontiformes

Class Amphibia

Order Anura

Order Caudata

Order Gymnophiona

Class Reptilia

Order Testudines

Order Crocodylia

Order Rhynchocephalia

Order Squamata

Class Aves

Order Struthioniformes

Order Procellariiformes

Order Sphenisciformes

Order Gaviiformes

Order Podicipediformes

Order Pelecaniformes

Order Ciconiiformes

Order Phoenicopteriformes

Order Falconiformes

Order Anseriformes

Order Galliformes

Order Opisthocomiformes

Order Gruiformes

Order Charadriiformes

Order Pterocliformes

Order Columbiformes

Order Psittaciformes

Order Musophagiformes

Order Cuculiformes

Order Strigiformes

Order Caprimulgiformes

Order Apodiformes

Order Coliiformes

Order Trogoniformes

Order Coraciiformes

Order Piciformes

Order Passeriformes

Class Mammalia

Order Monotremata

Order Didelphimorphia

Order Paucituberculata

Order Microbiotheria

Order Dasyuromorphia

Order Peramelemorphia

Order Notoryctemorphia

Order Diprotodontia

Order Xenarthra

Order Insectivora

Order Scandentia

Order Dermoptera

Order Chiroptera

Order Primates

Order Carnivora

Order Cetacea

Order Tubulidentata

Order Proboscidea

Order Hyracoidea

Order Sirenia

Order Perissodactyla

Order Artiodactyla

Order Pholidota

Order Rodentia

Order Lagomorpha

Order Macroscelidea

Phylum Annelida

Class Polychaeta

Order Amphinomida

Order Capitellida

Order Chaetopterida

Order Cirratulida

Order Cossurida

Order Ctenodrilida

Order Dinophilida

Order Eunicida

Order Flabelligerida

Order Magelonida

Order Nerillida

Order Opheliida

Order Orbiniida

Order Oweniida

Order Phyllodocida

Order Poeobiida

Order Polygordiida

Order Protodrilida

Order Psammodrilida

Order Sabellariida

Order Sabellida

Order Spintherida

Order Spionida

Order Sternaspida

Order Terebellida

Class Myzostomida

Order Pharyngidea

Order Proboscidea

Class Oligochaeta

Order Haplotaxida

Order Lumbriculida

Order Moniligastrida

Order Opisthopora

Class Hirudinea

Order Arhynchobdellae

Order Rhynchobdellida

Class Pogonophora

Order Athecanephria

Order Thecanephria

Phylum Vestimentifera

Order Basibranchia

Order Riftiidae

Phylum Sipuncula

Order Aspidosiphoniformes

Order Golfingiaformes

Order Phascolosomatiformes

Order Sipunculiformes

Phylum Echiura

Order Bonellioinea

Order Echiuroinea

Order Heteromyota

Order Xenopneusta

Phylum Onychophora

No order designations

Phylum Tardigrada

Order Arthrotardigrada

Order Echiniscoidea

Order Parachela

Order Apochela

Order Mesotardigrada

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Class Remipedia

Order Nectiopoda

Class Cephalocarida

Order Brachypoda

Class Branchiopoda

Order Anostraca

Order Notostraca

Order Conchostraca

Order Cladocera

Class Malacostraca

Subclass Phyllocarida

Order Leptostraca

Subclass Eumalacostraca

Order Stomatopoda

Order Bathynellacea

Order Anaspidacea

Order Euphausiacea

Order Amphionidacea

Order Decapoda

Order Mysida

Order Lophogastrida

Order Cumacea

Order Tanaidacea

Order Mictacea

Order Spelaeogriphacea

Order Thermosbaenacea

Order Isopoda

Order Amphipoda

Class Maxillopoda

Subclass Thecostraca

Order Acrothoracica

Order Ascothoracica

Order Rhizocephala

Order Thoracica

Subclass Tantulocarida

No order designations

Subclass Branchiura

Order Arguloida

Subclass Mystacocarida

No order designations

Subclass Copepoda

Order Calanoida

Order Cyclopoida

Order Gelyelloida

Order Harpacticoida

Order Misophrioida

Order Monstrilloida

Order Mormonilloida

Order Platycopioida

Order Siphonostomatoida

Subclass Ostracoda

Order Myodocopida

Order Palaeocopida

Order Podocopida

Class Pentastomida

Order Cephalobaenida

Order Porocephalida

Subphylum Cheliceriformes

Class Pycnogonida

Order Pantopoda

Class Chelicerata

Subclass Merostomata

Order Xiphosura

Subclass Arachnida

Order Acari

Order Amblypygi

Order Araneae

Order Opiliones

Order Palpigradi

Order Pseudoscorpiones

Order Ricinulei

Order Schizomida

Order Scorpionida

Order Solpugida

Order Uropygi

Subphylum Uniramia

Class Myriapoda

Subclass Chilopoda

Order Craterostigmomophora

Order Geophilomorpha

Order Lithobiomorpha

Order Scolopendromorpha

Order Scutigeromorpha

Subclass Diplopoda

Order Callipodida

Order Chordeumatida

Order Glomerida

Order Glomeridesmida

Order Julida

Order Platydesmida

Order Polydesmida

Order Polyxenida

Order Polyzoniida

Order Siphoniulida

Order Siphonophorida

Order Sphaerotheriida

Order Spirobolida

Order Spirostreptida

Order Stemmiulida

Subclass Symphyla

Order Symphyla

Subclass Pauropoda

Order Hexamerocerata

Order Tetramerocerata

Subphylum Hexapoda

Class Entognatha

Order Protura

Order Collembola

Order Diplura

Class Insecta

Order Microcoryphia

Order Thysanura

Order Ephemeroptera

Order Odonata

Order Plecoptera

Order Blattodea

Order Isoptera

Order Mantodea

Order Grylloblattodea

Order Dermaptera

Order Orthoptera

Order Mantophasmatodea

Order Phasmida

Order Embioptera

Order Zoraptera

Order Psocoptera

Order Phthiraptera

Order Hemiptera

Order Thysanoptera

Order Megaloptera

Order Raphidioptera

Order Neuroptera

Order Coleoptera

Order Strepsiptera

Order Siphonaptera

Order Diptera

Order Trichoptera

Order Lepidoptera

Order Hymenoptera

Phylum Mollusca

Class Aplacophora

Order Cavibelonia

Order Neomeniomorpha

Order Pholidoskepia

Class Monoplacophora

Order Tryblidioidea

Class Polyplacophora

Order Acanthochitonida

Order Ischnochitonida

Order Lepidopleurida

Class Gastropoda

Subclass Opisthobranchia

Order Acochlidioidea

Order Anaspidea

Order Cephalaspidea

Order Gymnosomata

Order Notaspidea

Order Nudibranchia

Order Runcinoidea

Order Sacoglossa

Order Thecosomata

Subclass Pulmonata

Order Actophila

Order Basommatophora

Order Stylommatophora

Order Systellommatophora

Order Patellogastropoda

Superorder Vetigastropoda

Order Haliotoidea

Order Lepetodriloidea

Order Vetigastropoda

Order Cocculiniformia

Order Neritopsina

Order Caenogastropoda

Class Bivalvia

Order Arcoida

Order Hippuritoida

Order Limoida

Order Myoida

Order Mytiloida

Order Nuculoida

Order Ostreoida

Order Pholadomyoida

Order Pterioida

Order Solemyoida

Order Trigonioida

Order Unionoida

Order Veneroida

Class Scaphopoda

Order Dentaliida

Order Gadilida

Class Cephalopoda

Order Nautilida

Order Octopoda

Order Sepioidea

Order Spirulida

Order Teuthoidea

Order Vampyromorphida

Phylum Phoronida

No order designations

Phylum Ectoprocta

Class Phylactolaemata

No order designations

Class Stenolaemata

Order Cyclostomata

Class Gymnolaemata

Order Cheilostomatida

Order Ctenostomata

Phylum Brachiopoda

Class Inarticulata

Order Acrotretida

Order Lingulida

Class Articulata

Order Rhynchonellida

Order Terebratulida

Order Thecideidina

References

Taxonomy of the animals (Hutchins et al., 2003) Wikipedia

(Text) CC BY-SA

Contents

Phylum Porifera

Phylum Placozoa

Phylum Monoblastozoa

Phylum Rhombozoa

Phylum Orthonectida

Phylum Cnidaria

Phylum Ctenophora

Phylum Platyhelminthes

Phylum Nemertea

Phylum Rotifera

Phylum Gastrotricha

Phylum Kinorhyncha

Phylum Nematoda

Phylum Nematomorpha

Phylum Acanthocephala

Phylum Entoprocta

Phylum Micrognathozoa

Phylum Gnathostomulida

Phylum Priapulida

Phylum Loricifera

Phylum Cycliophora

Phylum Echinodermata

Phylum Chaetognatha

Phylum Hemichordata

Phylum Chordata

Superclass Pisces

Class Amphibia

Class Reptilia

Class Aves

Class Mammalia

Phylum Annelida

Phylum Vestimentifera

Phylum Sipuncula

Phylum Echiura

Phylum Onychophora

Phylum Tardigrada

Phylum Arthropoda

Subphylum Crustacea

Subphylum Cheliceriformes

Subphylum Uniramia

Subphylum Hexapoda

Phylum Mollusca

Phylum Phoronida

Phylum Ectoprocta

Phylum Brachiopoda

References