Holasteroida

Updated on Oct 27, 2023

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Kingdom Animalia Superorder Atelostomata Higher classification Atelostomata Subclass Euechinoidea		Infraclass Irregularia Phylum Echinodermata Rank Order

Similar Sea urchin, Atelostomata, Echinoderm, Cassiduloida, Spatangoida

Holasteroida is an order of irregular sea urchins.

Characteristics

These irregular sea urchins are characterized by a particularly marked bilateral symmetry, including for the apical system, which is highly elongated. In some contemporary abyssal groups such as Pourtalesiidae, some species are even bottle-shaped. The mouth (peristome) does not contain an Aristotle's lantern. The anus (periproct) has migrated towards the peripher of the test. The plastron is never amphisternous.

This order seems to have appeared at the lower Cretaceous.

List of families

According to World Register of Marine Species :

Family Hemipneustidae (Lambert, 1917) †

genus Hemipneustes L. Agassiz, 1835 †

genus Medjesia Jeffery, 1997 †

genus Opisopneustes Gauthier, 1889 †

genus Plesiohemipneustes Smith & Wright, 2003 †

genus Toxopatagus Pomel, 1883 †

Sub-order Meridosternata (Lovén, 1883)

Infra-order Cardiasterina †

Family Cardiasteridae Lambert, 1917 †

Family Stegasteridae Lambert, 1917f †

Family Echinocorythidae Wright, 1857 †

Family Holasteridae Pictet, 1857 †

Genus Salvaster Saucède, Dudicourt & Courville, 2012 †

Infra-order Urechinina

Family Calymnidae Mortensen, 1907

Family Carnarechininae Mironov, 1993

Family Corystusidae Foster & Philip, 1978

Family Plexechinidae Mooi & David, 1996

Family Pourtalesiidae A. Agassiz, 1881

Family Urechinidae Duncan, 1889

Family Pseudholasteridae (Smith & Jeffery, 2000) †

genus Eoholaster Solovjev, 1989 †

genus Giraliaster Foster & Philip, 1978 †

genus Pseudholaster Pomel, 1883 †

genus Taphraster Pomel, 1883 †

Family Stenonasteridae (Lambert, 1922) †

genus Stenonaster Lambert, 1922 †

References

Holasteroida Wikipedia

(Text) CC BY-SA

Contents

Characteristics

List of families

References