The first military academies were established in the 18th century to provide future officers for technically specialized corps, such as engineers and artillery, with scientific training.
The Royal Danish Naval Academy was set up in 1701, making it the oldest military academy in existence. The Royal Military Academy, Woolwich was set up in 1720 as the earliest military academy in Britain. Its original purpose was to train cadets entering the Royal Artillery and Royal Engineers. In France, the École Royale du Génie at Mézières was founded in 1748, followed by a non-technical academy in 1751, the École Royale Militaire offering a general military education to the nobility. French military academies were widely copied in Prussia, Austria, Russia and even minor powers, including Turin and the Kingdom of Savoy, in the late 18th century.
By the turn of the century, under the impetus of the Napoleonic Wars and the strain that the armies of Europe subsequently came under, military academies for the training of commissioned officers of the army were set up in most of the combatant nations. These military schools had two functions; to provide instruction for serving officers in the functions of the efficient staff-officer, and to school youngsters before they gained an officer's commission. The Kriegsakademie in Prussia was founded in 1801 and the École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr was created by order of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1802 as a replacement for the École Royale Militaire of the Ancien Régime (the institution that Napoleon himself had graduated from).
The Royal Military College, Sandhurst, in England was the brainchild of John Le Marchant in 1801, who established schools for the military instruction of officers at High Wycombe and Great Marlow, with a grant of £30,000 from Parliament. The two original departments were later combined and moved to Sandhurst. In the United States, the military academy at West Point was founded in 1802 and became popular in the 1860s.
National Military Academy of AfghanistanOfficer Candidate School, Kabul (OCS)Afghanistan National Army Officer Academy
Skanderbeg Military UniversityArmy Military AcademyNational Air Force AcademyNaval AcademyArgentine Army
Colegio Militar de la Nación (National Military College), located in El Palomar, Buenos AiresArgentine Navy
Escuela Naval Militar (Naval Military School), located in Río Santiago, Buenos AiresArgentine Air Force
Escuela de Aviación Militar (Military Aviation School), located in the city of CórdobaAustralian Defence Force AcademyRoyal Military College, DuntroonOfficers' Training School RAAFRoyal Australian Naval CollegeTheresian Military AcademyLandesverteidigungsakademieBangladesh Military AcademyBangladesh Naval AcademyBangladesh Air Force AcademyBangladesh University Of Professionals(BUP), Mirpur, DhakaBangladesh National Cadet Corps (BNCC)Military Institute of Science and Technology, Mirpur, DhakaArmed Forces Medical College(AFMC), Airport Road, DhakaSchool of Infantry and TacticsDefence Services Command and Staff CollegeNational Defence CollegeArmoured Corps Center & SchoolEngineer Centre and School of Military EngineeringSignal Training Centre and SchoolOrdnance Corps Centre & SchoolBangladesh Institute of Peace Support Operation Training (BIPSOT)Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Centre and SchoolCorps of Military Police Centre and SchoolArmy School of Education and AdministrationArmy School of Physical Training and SportsArmy School of MusicArtillery Center and SchoolSchool of Military IntelligenceArmy Computer Training SchoolNon Commissioned Officers AcademyTrust Technical Training Institute, GazipurCadet Colleges in Bangladesh...There are 12 Cadet Colleges in Bangladesh. Among these, nine for boys and three for girls. Four Cadet Colleges were established before 1971. Other cadet colleges were built after the Liberation War of Bangladesh.
Royal Military Academy (Belgium)Military College of Bolivia (Colegio Militar del Ejército de Bolivia [1])Bolivian Military Naval AcademyBolivian Air Force AcademyHas several military academies:
Army – The biggest Academy is Academia Militar de Agulhas Negras (AMAN) in the municipality of Resende, in state of Rio de Janeiro, in the southeast of that country. For high school level, The Sistema Colégio Militar do Brasil (SCMB) is composed for 13 military schools in Belo Horizonte, Belém, Brasília, Campo Grande, Curitiba, Fortaleza, Juiz de Fora (MG), Manaus, Porto Alegre, Recife, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador and Santa Maria (RS).Navy – Escola Naval (Navy School).Air Force – Academia da Força Aérea (AFA). (Air Force Academy).Vasil Levski National Military University founded in 1878 as a military school in PlovdivAir force Faculty located in Dolna MitropoliyaArtillery, Air Defence and CIS Faculty located in ShumenAll-Force Faculty faculty located in Veliko TarnovoNikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy located in Varna and founded in 1881 as Naval Machinery School in RousseRakovski Defence and Staff College located in Sofia. It was founded with an Act of the 15th National Assembly of 1 March 1912 in SofiaCanada currently has one military-theme private boarding school open for students at the pre-university level, Robert Land Academy (RLA), which is located in West Lincoln, Ontario. Founded in 1978, it is an all-boys' institute whose funding arises solely from tuition fees. The Academy is an institute fully accredited by the province of Ontario, which accepts students from Grade 6 to Grade 12 (the Ontario Academic Credit level).
Canada formerly had three university level service academies, the Canadian Military Colleges. These included the Royal Military College of Canada (RMC) in Kingston, Ontario, Royal Roads Military College (RRMC) in Victoria, British Columbia and the Collège militaire royal de Saint-Jean (CMR) in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Québec. RMC was founded in 1876, RRMC in 1941 and CMR in 1954. By the 1960s all three institutions were providing *military education to officer cadets of all three elements in the Canadian Forces; the navy, army and air force; and RMC received the authority to grant academic degrees in Arts, Science and Engineering.
Graduates of the Colleges are widely acknowledged to have had a disproportionate impact in the Canadian services and society, thanks to the solid foundations provided by their military education. Military discipline and training, as well as a focus on physical fitness and fluency in both of Canada's two official languages, English and French, provided cadets with ample challenges and a very fulfilling experience. In 1995 the Department of National Defence was forced to close Royal Roads Military College and Collège militaire royal de Saint-Jean due to budget considerations, but Royal Military College of Canada continues to operate. Royal Roads reopened as a civilian university in the fall of 1995, and is maintained by the Government of British Columbia. In 2007, the Department of National Defence reopened Collège militaire royal de Saint-Jean as a preparatory and first year college.
PLA National Defense UniversityR.O.C. Military AcademyR.O.C. Naval AcademyR.O.C. Air Force AcademyR.O.C. Air Force Institute of TechnologyArmy Academy R.O.C.National Defense UniversityWar CollegeArmy Command and Staff CollegeNaval Command and Staff CollegeAir Force Command and Staff CollegeInstitute of TechnologyManagement CollegePolitical Warfare CollegeNational Defense Medical CenterChung-cheng Armed Forces Preparatory SchoolNational Army of Colombia:
José María Córdova Military School, located in Bogotá.Colombian Army NCO SchoolColombian Air Force:
Marco Fidel Suarez Military Aviation School, located in Cali.Colombian Naval Infantry and Colombian Navy:
Admiral Padilla Naval Academy, located in Cartagena de Indias.National Police of Colombia:
General Santander National Police Academy, located in Bogotá.Univerzita Obrany (University of Defence)http://www.unob.cz/en/Vojenská akademie a velitelství výcviku (Military academy and training command)http://www.vavyskov.cz/Royal Danish Defence CollegeRoyal Danish Military AcademyRoyal Danish Naval AcademyRoyal Danish Air Force Officers SchoolEgyptian Air Defense AcademyEgyptian Military Technical CollegeEgyptian Military medical collegeEgyptian Air AcademyEgyptian Military AcademyEgyptian Naval AcademyEscuela Militar Capitan General Gerardo BarriosEstonian National Defence CollegeBaltic Defence College, both in TartuFinland
Finnish National Defence University (Maanpuolustuskorkeakoulu), located on Santahamina island, HelsinkiMaanpuolustusopisto (defunct)High schools :
Lycée militaire de Saint-CyrLycée militaire d'AutunPrytanée National MilitaireLycée militaire d'Aix-en-ProvenceLycée naval de BrestÉcole des Pupilles de l'AirOfficer academies :
École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr (ESM, literally the "Special Military School of St Cyr") is the French Military Academy. It is often referred to as "Saint-Cyr". Founded by Napoleon in 1802, and initially located in Fontainebleau, it was moved first to Saint-Cyr-l'École in 1808, and then to Coëtquidan (Brittany) in 1945.École militaire interarmes (EMIA)École des commissaires des armées (ECA), founded in 2013École de l'air: the French Air Force AcademyÉcole Navale: the French Naval AcademyÉcole des officiers de la gendarmerie nationale (EOGN) : gendarmerie commissioned officers academyÉcole Polytechnique (X): a French engineering grande école of military status. Though all of its French engineering students are enlisted and trained as officers, 5% of its graduates remain in the military after graduation.ÉNSTA Bretagne: a French engineering grande école of military status. Only 1/4 of its students are actual officers-in-training.Ecole de Santé des Armées : medical school of French armyNational Military Infrastructure Engineers Academy: trains military engineers of the Armed Forces, opened 2013 (also one of the newest)Postgraduate academies :
École d'état-major (Staff school) : first step of higher military studies, for officer of OF-2 rank.École de Guerre (War School) : second step of higher military studies, mainly for ranks OF-2 and OF-3 who want to continue the command track (e.g. to command battalion or regiment).Collège d'enseignement supérieur de l'armée de terre (Army Higher Education College) : second step of military education, but for officers whishing to achieve a high-level specialization.Cours supérieur d'état-major (Advanced Staff Course)Enseignement militaire supérieur scientifique et technique (Higher Technical and Scientific Education).Centre des hautes études militaire (Center for Advanced Military Studies) : final step of military education, for very few selected OF-5. Its students also attend the civilian institut des hautes études de défense nationale.National Defense Academy (NDA) of Georgia is a descendant of the first Georgian "Junker School" which was established in 1919 right after the declaration of independence. Establishment of the military school was very important for the identity of a new democratic nation-state. The school was abolished after Soviet occupation of Georgia in 1921.
"Davit Aghmashenebeli National Defense Academy of Georgia" was founded on May 28, 1993. The length of studies at the Academy had been defined for 4 years. In 2005, due to the need of the growth of the personnel strength of the Georgian Armed Forces (GAF), the system of the Academy has been transformed to retain only the 18-month-long officer training courses. A bachelor's degree has been defined as a prerequisite for the admission of the cadets.
In 2010, the NDA has undergone a new wave of the reforms to include entire officer education system. As a result, in 2011, Cadet Bachelor School, Junior Officer Basic School, Aviation and Air Defense Officer Basic School, Medical Officer School, Captain Career School, Command and General Staff School, School of Advance Defense Studies and Language Training School were included within the NDA.
Upon entry into NDA, cadets sign a contract with the MoD for 10 years of military service, of which 4 years are dedicated to studies and 6 years – to consequent military service. Cadets receive the rank of Lieutenant upon graduation.
NDA is established by the MoD with the status of the Legal Entity of Public Law. At the same time, NDA maintains very strong link with The Ministry of Education and Science according to the process of Bologna.
In Germany there exists a system which clearly differs from the common ones. The only true military academies are in fact the Führungsakademie der Bundeswehr where mainly future staff officers and general staff officers are further trained.
The standard education in military leadership is the task of the Offizierschulen (officers' schools) run by the three branches. The contents differ from branch to branch. In the army all officers are at least trained to lead a platoon. There they also have to pass an officer exam to become commissioned later on.
Moreover, there exist so called Waffenschulen like infantry school or artillery school. There the officers learn to deal with the typical tasks of their respective corps. A specialty of the German concept of officer formation is the academic education. Germany runs two own Universities of the German Federal Armed Forces where almost every future officer has to pass non-military studies and achieve a bachelor's or master's degree. During their studies (after at least three years of service) the candidates become commissioned Leutnant (second-lieutenant).
The three officer's schools are:
The German Navy supervises:Naval Academy at Mürwik, located in Flensburg-MürwikThe German Army supervises:Offizierschule des Heeres, located in DresdenThe German Air Force supervises:Offizierschule der Luftwaffe, located in FürstenfeldbruckAcademic and staff education:
Universities of the German Federal Armed ForcesHelmut Schmidt University, located in HamburgBundeswehr University Munich, located in MunichFührungsakademie der Bundeswehr, located in HamburgThe Hellenic Armed Forces have military academies supervised by each branch of the Armed Forces individually:
The Hellenic Army supervises:The Evelpidon Military Academy, located in Athens.The Corps Officers Military Academy, located in Thessaloniki.The Hellenic Air Force supervises:The Icarus Air Force Academy, located in Tatoi (Athens).The Hellenic Navy supervises:The Hellenic Naval Cadets Academy, located in Piraeus.National University of Public Service (Successor of Royal Hungarian Ludovica Military Academy, which founded in 1808)Faculty of Military Sciences and Officer TrainingNational Defence Academy (NDA)Indian Military Academy (IMA)Officers Training Academy (OTA)Indian Naval Academy (INA)Air Force Academy, DundigulAir Force Technical College, BangaloreMilitary Schools 1. 5 Rashtriya Military Schools across India in Belgaum Belgaum Military School, BangaloreBangalore Military School, ChailChail Military School, DholpurDholpur Military School and AjmerAjmer Military School
Classes 6 to 12, run by the Integrated Headquarters of Ministry Of Defence (Army) of the Indian governmentEducational institute to train for defence services, no combat trainingAkademi Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia (Indonesian Military Academy)[2] was founded in Yogyakarta, October 13, 1945 by the order of General Staff Chief of Indonesia Army Lieutenant General Urip Sumohardjo as the Militaire Academie (MA) Yogyakarta. Currently, Tentara Nasional Indonesia or the "TNI" (Indonesian National Armed Forces), under the supervision of the Commandant General of the National Armed Forces Academy (a three-star officer in billet) in the HQ of the Indonesian National Armed Forces, has divided the academies into the three respective services:
Indonesian Military Academy
Akademi Militer – "AKMIL" (Military Academy), located in Magelang, Central Java, is under the supervision of the Indonesian Army Chief of Staff.Indonesian Naval Academy
Akademi Angkatan Laut – "A.A.L." (Naval Academy), located in Surabaya, East Java, is under the supervision of the Indonesian Navy Chief of Staff. The Indonesian Naval Academy also educates and forms officers to serve in the Indonesian Marine Corps.Indonesian Air Force Academy
Akademi Angkatan Udara – "A.A.U." (Air Force Academy), located in Yogyakarta, is under the supervision of the Indonesian Air Force Chief of Staff. The academy has three majorings which are: electronics, engineering, and administration. Following graduation, students who are selected as Pilot and Navigator conduct further training in the Pilot and Navigator Flight School prior bearing the Pilot/Navigator designation.Each service academy is headed by a two-star general, and his/her deputy is a one-star officer. All the students (cadets/midshipman) are recruited from senior high school graduates from all over Indonesia. Shortly after graduation, they are commissioned as Letnan Dua (Second Lieutenant) in their respective services and get the Diploma IV (Associate degree, 4th Grade) comparable to civil academies or universities. The length term is now 4 years and is divided into 5 grades of cadet's rank, starting from the lowest:
Prajurit Taruna/Kadet/Karbol (Cadet Private), 1st year (4 months)Kopral Taruna/Kadet/Karbol (Cadet Corporal), 1st year (8 months)Sersan Taruna/Kadet/Karbol (Cadet Sergeant), 2nd yearSersan Mayor Dua Taruna/Kadet/Karbol (Cadet Second Sergeant Major), 3rd yearSersan Mayor Satu Taruna/Kadet/Karbol (Cadet First Sergeant Major), 4th yearNote: Taruna refers to cadets in the Military Academy, Kadet refers to cadets in the Naval Academy, and Karbol refers to cadets in the Air Force Academy, respectively.
Until 1999, before the Indonesian National Police officially separated from the armed forces, the Indonesian Police Academy ("AKPOL") also stood under the National Armed Forces Academy but now has separated from the Military and is under the auspices of the President of Indonesia controlled by the National Police Headquarters (Mabes Polri), where in the other hand the Armed Forces (Army, Naval, and Air Force) Academies of Indonesia is under the auspices of the Ministry of Defense controlled by the Armed Forces Headquarters (Mabes TNI). Presently, the Police Academy is located in Semarang (Central Java), and is supervised under the supervision of the Chief of Indonesian National Police (Kapolri).
Imam Ali Officers' University (Persian: دانشگاه افسری امام علی; acronym: دا اف, DĀʿAF), formerly known as Officers' School (Persian: دانشکده افسری) is the military academy of Ground Forces of Islamic Republic of Iran Army, located in Tehran, Iran. Cadets of the academy achieve the second Lieutenant rank upon graduation and join one of Islamic Republic of Iran Army branches.
High School level institutions (only for Classical and Scientific Liceum, starting from grade 10):
Scuola Militare Nunziatella, founded during the Borbonic Period in 1787, in Italian Army, NaplesScuola Militare Teulié, founded during the Napoleonic period in 1802, Italian Army, MilanScuola Militare Navale Morosini, Italian Navy, VeniceScuola Militare Aeronautica Douhet, Italian Air Force, FlorenceThe 2009–2010 school year has been the first one with girls attending those schools.
University level institutions:
Military Academy of ModenaScuola di Applicazione, TorinoAccademia Navale, LivornoAccademia Aeronautica, PozzuoliScuola Ufficiali Carabinieri, RomeAccademia della Guardia di Finanza, BergamoNational Defense Academy of Japan (University level)National Defense Medical College (Medical, university level)Officer Candidate Training Schools (for each of Ground, Maritime and Air Self-defense forces)Kim Il-sung Military UniversityThe three main military academies:
Korea Military Academy (Army)Korea Naval AcademyKorea Air Force AcademyOther military academies:
Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon, formerly Korea Third Military AcademyArmed Forces Nursing AcademySecondary level institutionsRoyal Military College (Malaysia) (Maktab Tentera Diraja)University levelNational Defence University of Malaysia (University Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia) (foundation, bachelor's degree, master's degree, PhD and specialist courses)Armed Forces Defence College (Maktab Pertahanan Angkatan Tentera)Specialist training & staff institutionsOfficers Cadet School in Port Dickson (OCS)Malaysian Armed Forces Staff College (Maktab Turus Angkatan Tentera)Armed Forces Health Training Institute (Institut Latihan Kesihatan Angkatan Tentera)Malaysian Peacekeeping Training Centre (Pusat Latihan Pengaman Malaysia)Reserve Officer Training Units (Malay: Pasukan Latihan Pegawai Simpanan or PALAPES) or ROTU exists only in public universities in Malaysia. This is a tertiary institution based officer commissioning program to equip students as officer cadets with military knowledge and understanding for service as Commissioned Officers in the reserve components of the various branches of the Malaysian Armed Forces.
Heroica Escuela Naval MilitarHeroico Colegio MilitarColegio del Aire″Alexandru cel Bun″ Military AcademyDefence Services AcademyDefence Services Technological AcademyDefence Services Medical AcademyOfficer Training School (Myanmar) (OTS)National Defence College (Myanmar) (NDC)Defence Services Institute of Nursing and Paramedical ScienceNamibian Military SchoolNetherlands
Koninklijke Militaire AcademieRoyal Naval College (Netherlands)New Zealand
Tier One – Initial Officer Training
New Zealand Commissioning Course, Waiouru (NZ Army)Initial Officer Training, Woodbourne, (RNZAF)Officer Training School, Devonport Naval BaseTier Two – Junior Officer Education
NZDF Junior Staff Course, New Zealand Defence CollegeTier Three – Senior Officer Education
NZDF Staff Course, New Zealand Defence CollegeHigh school training:
Nigerian Military School, Zaria – Nigerian Army military school for boys;Air Force Military School, Jos, Nigeria, located in Jos – Nigerian Air Force military school for boys;Air Force Girls Military School, Jos – Nigerian Air Force military school for girls.Nigerian Navy Secondary School, Calabar. http://www.nnsscal.com/Undergraduate officer training:
Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna – Nigerian Armed Forces university school;Postgraduate officer training:
Armed Forces Command and Staff College, Jaji, at Jaji, Kaduna – joint Nigerian Armed Forces higher studies institute for both indigenous and international students.Nigerian Army College of Logistics, Lagos – school for training middle career Nigerian Army officers on military logistics;National Defence College, Abuja, – school for training senior officers of the Nigerian Armed Forces and also some members of the civil service.Undergraduate officer training
Norwegian Military Academy, Linderud/Oslo (Norwegian Army)Norwegian Naval Academy, Laksevåg/Bergen (Royal Norwegian Navy)Norwegian Air Force Academy, Trondheim (Royal Norwegian Air Force)Postgraduate training
Norwegian Defence Staff College, Oslo (Joint)Norwegian National Defence College, Oslo (Civil Service/Very senior officers)Pakistan Military Academy, KakulPakistan Air Force Academy, RisalpurPakistan Naval Academy, KarachiCommand and Staff College, QuettaNational Defence University, IslamabadPakistan Navy War College, LahorePAF Air War College, KarachiArmy Burn Hall College, for boys, AbbottabadArmy Public College of Management Sciences (public sector)Military College Jhelum, Jhelum DistrictMilitary College Murree, Rawalpindi DistrictMilitary College Sui, Dera Bugti DistrictCentro de Enseñanza Superior Dr. Justo Arosemena
http://www.policia.gob.pa/direcciones/dnrrhh/ces.html
Undergraduate officer training
Chorrillos Military School (Peruvian Army)Peruvian Naval School (Peruvian Navy)Peruvian Air Force Officers' School (Peruvian Air Force)Officers' School of the National Police of Peru (National Police of Peru)The Philippines patterned all its military academies after the United States Military Academy (WEST POINT) and the United States Merchant Marine Academy.
These colleges are operated by the Philippine Government which serves 4 years of different baccalaureate degrees:
Philippine Military Academy, City of Baguio – It is a primary training school for regular commissioning as officers of the Philippine Army, Philippine Navy, Philippine Marine Corps and the Philippine Air Force, and it is under the control of the Department of National Defense. It was formerly named as the Philippine Constabulary School but was renamed before the 30's. during the American era, U.S. Army Cavalry Officers established the school for the professionalization of the defunct Philippine Constabulary enlisted personnel. In 1992, PMA stopped producing constabulary cadets after the creation of the Republic Act 6975 which as a result the Philippine Constabulary and the Integrated National Police were officially merged and renamed as The Philippine National Police. Beginning in 1993 this has become a co-educational military academy.Philippine Merchant Marine Academy, Zambales – It is a school for midshipmen who shall serve in different private shipping companies, foreign or local. Its midshipmen may serve in the Philippine Coast Guard and the Philippine Navy as an ensign after graduation depending upon their choice. All PMMA midshipmen are also automatically appointed by the president of the Philippines as ensigns or 2nd lieutenants in the Philippine Navy Reserve. This is the oldest of the Philippine service academies having been established in 1820 during the long period of Spanish rule in the country, and was first situated in Manila for so many years.Philippine National Police Academy, Cavite – during the 1980s, it served as a school for selected enlisted personnel and civilians to join as a Police/Fire Lieutenants in the defunct Integrated National Police. After the merging of the Philippine Constabulary and INP in January 1, 1991 it became the primary officers school for the new Philippine National Police, the Bureau of Fire Protection and the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology, all under the Department of the Interior and Local Government. The Philippine National Police Academy graduates are automatically appointed as Inspectors/Lieutenants in the Philippine National Police, Bureau of Fire Protection, and the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology according to their choice of public safety curriculum during their cadetship. This is under the supervision of the DILG and the Philippine Public Safety College.Aside from the PMA and the PMMA, all three branches of the AFP have their own Officer Candidate Course Programs for both men and women, patterned after their US counterparts.
The nation's higher military colleges are:
Armed Forces of the Philippines Command and General Staff College, Quezon City – educates officers of the AFP not exceeding the ranks of Colonel or Navy CaptainNational Defense College of the Philippines, Quezon City – is a school for senior AFP officers for military/naval planning and to ready them in holding the ranks of Brigadier General/Commodore. Notable civilians may enroll and be given the honorary rank of Lieutenant Colonel/Commander in the AFP Reserve upon graduation.Poland
National Defence University in WarsawJarosław Dąbrowski Military University of Technology in WarsawTadeusz Kościuszko Land Forces Military Academy in WrocławPolish Air Force Academy in DęblinHeroes of Westerplatte Naval Academy in GdyniaFaculty of Military Medicine of the Medical University in ŁódźDefunct
Dzerzhinsky Political-Military Academy in WarsawPolish Air Defense Forces AcademyColégio Militar, Lisbon – military basic and high school;Instituto dos Pupilos do Exército, Lisbon – vocational education military school.Academia Militar, Lisbon and Amadora – Portuguese Army and Republican National Guard university school;Escola Naval, Almada – Portuguese Navy university school;Academia da Força Aérea, Sintra – Portuguese Air Force university school;Postgraduate and staff training
Instituto de Estudos Superiores Militares, Lisbon – Joint command and staff college.Instituto Superior Militar, Águeda – Undergraduate school for training NCOs to become officers;Escola Superior Politécnica do Exército, Amadora – Undergraduate school for training NCOs to become officers.Escola do Serviço de Saúde Militar, Lisbon – Portuguese Armed Forces nurse and paramedic undergraduate school.Instituto de Odivelas, Odivelas – Pre-university level military school for girls;Instituto de Altos Estudos Militares, Lisbon – Army graduate and staff college;Instituto Superior Naval de Guerra, Lisbon – Navy graduate and staff college;Instituto de Altos Estudos da Força Aérea, Sintra – Air Force graduate and staff college.Carol I National Defence University (Universitatea Națională de Apărare Carol I), BucharestTechnical Military Academy (Academia Tehnică Militară), BucharestLand Forces:Nicolae Bălcescu Land Forces Academy, SibiuAir Forces:Academia Forțelor Aeriene (Air Forces Academy), BraṣovNaval Forces:Mircea cel Bătrân Naval Academy, ConstanṭaSee also: Cadet Corps (Russia), Military academies in Russia
The first stage of training:
The Cadet Corps is an admissions-based military middle school for young boys that was founded in the Russian Empire in the year 1732, soon becoming widespread throughout the country.Omsk Cadet CorpsKarelia Cadet CorpsKrasnoyarsk Cadet CorpsMagnitogorsk Cadet CorpsGeorgy Zhukov Moscow Cadet CorpsMoscow Cossacks Cadet CorpsMoscow Cadet Corps of Military MusicMoscow Cadet Corps of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of RussiaMoscow Diplomatic Cadet CorpsMoscow Cadet Corps "Heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad"St.Petersburg Space Forces Cadet CorpsSt.Petersburg Strategic Rocket Forces Cadet CorpsSt.Petersburg Artillery Cadet CorpsThe 1st St.Petersburg Border guard Cadet Corps of the FSBTambov Cadet CorpsToliatti Cadet CorpsUfa Cadet CorpsThe Sea Cadet CorpsKronstadt S.C.C.Moscow Representative Sea Cadet Corps of the Navigation and Mathematics SchoolMoscow Sea Cadet Corps Heroes of SevastopolThe second stage of training:
Suvorov Military School are a type of boarding school in modern Russia for boys of 14-18. Education in such these schools focuses on military related subjects.Kazan S.M.S.Moscow S.M.S.North Caucasus S.M.S.Orenburg S.M.S.Perm S.M.S.St.Petersburg Space Forces S.M.S.Tula S.M.S. (reopening 2016 after 56 years of closure)Tver S.M.S.Ulyanovsk S.M.S.Ussuriysk S.M.S.Yekaterinburg S.M.S.Nakhimov Naval School is a form of higher military education for teenagers introduced in modern Russia.St. Petersburg N.N.S.The third stage of training:
Combined Arms Academy of the Armed ForcesGagarin Air Force Academy (now the Gagarin-Zhukovsky Combined Air Force Academy)Military Engineering-Technical UniversitySaint Petersburg Mining InstituteFleet Admiral Nikolai Kuznetsov Naval AcademyAlexander Popov Naval Radio-electronic AcademyMilitary Materiel Security AcademyPacific Naval InstituteMoscow Peter the Great Strategic Rocket Forces AcademyBaltic Naval InstituteSevastopol Black Sea Higher Naval InstituteMilitary University of the Ministry of Defense of RussiaYekaterinburg Force Command School of ArtilleryAir General Staff Center of Missile and Air Defense ExcellenceKhabarovsk Military Commanders Training AcademyCivil Defense Academy of the Ministry of Emergency SituationsSergey Kirov Military Communications AcademyMilitary Medical AcademySt. Petersburg Academy of Physical Culture, Fitness and SportsMarshal Aleksander Vasilevsky Military Academy of the Armed Forces Air Defense BranchMoscow Border Guards Superior CollegeMilitary University of the Ministry of Internal AffairsThe fourth stage of training:
General Staff Academy Military Academy Belgrade Military Medical Academy (Serbia)Officer Cadet SchoolSingapore Command and Staff CollegeSouth African Military Academy provides officers in the SANDF with an opportunity to earn a 3yr BMil degree.Academia General Militar, ZaragozaAcademia General del Aire, San JavierEscuela Naval Militar de Oficiales, MarínThe General Sir John Kotelawala Defense University, was established in 1980 and is named after Gen. Sri John Kotelawala the 2nd Prime Minister of Sri Lanka. Taking cadets from all three armed services, 3 non-university level Military Academies, one for each armed service providing basic training for officer and a Command and Staff College for senior officers of the three armed services.
UniversityGeneral Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, ColomboOfficer trainingSri Lanka Military Academy, DiyatalawaNaval and Maritime Academy, TrincomaleeAir Force Academy, SLAF China Bay, TrincomaleeStaff trainingDefence Services Command and Staff CollegeMilitary Academy KarlbergTanzania Military AcademyThailand
Armed Forces Academies Preparatory School (Secondary level)Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy (University level)Phramongkutklao College of Medicine (Medicine, University level)Royal Thai Navy Academy (university level)Royal Thai Air Force Academy (university level)National Defence UniversityTurkish Military AcademyTurkish Naval AcademyTurkish Air AcademyUganda
Uganda maintains the followings military training institutions, as of December 2010:
Bihanga Military Training School – Located at Bihanga, in Ibanda District, Western Uganda.Kalama Warfare Training School – Located at Kabamba, Mubende DistrictNational Leadership Institute (NALI) – Located at Kyankwanzi, Kyankwanzi DistrictOliver Tambo School of Leadership – Located at Kaweweta, Nakaseke DistrictUganda Air Defence and Artillery School – Located at Nakasongola in Nakasongola DistrictUganda Airforce Academy – Located at Nakasongola in Nakasongola DistrictUniversity of Military Science and Technology – Located at Lugazi, Buikwe DistrictUganda Junior Staff College – Located at Qaddafi Barracks, JinjaUganda Military Academy – Located at Kabamba, Mubende DistrictUganda Senior Command and Staff College – Located at Kimaka, JinjaUganda Urban Warfare Training School – Located at Singo, Kiboga DistrictOfficer training:
A number of universities have specialized military institutes, such as the Faculty of Military Legal Studies at Kharkiv's National Yaroslav Mudryi Law Academy of Ukraine, however, the primary Ukrainian military academies are the following:
Hetman Petro Sahaydachnyi Military Academy, LvivAdmiral Pavel Nakhimov Naval Academy, OdessaIvan Kozhedub Air Force University, KharkivStaff colleges:
National Defense University of Ukraine, KievWelbeck Defence Sixth Form College – Sixth form college for 16- to 18-year-olds providing A-Level education in preparation for entry into the British Armed Forces or Ministry of Defence Civil Service as Technical Officers, following undergraduate education sponsored under the Defence Technical Undergraduate Scheme (DTUS).Duke of York's Royal Military School - Military based secondary school in Dover, Kent; students are influenced to join the forces after education, but have no commitment to do so.There are also numerous Cadet forces that operate for all branches of the armed forces for children aged 10–20. These are not designed to recruit people into the armed forces but rather are simply Ministry of Defence sponsored youth organisations.
Although an undergraduate degree is not a pre-requisite for Officer training, the majority of potential Officers will have attended University before joining the Armed Forces. At some universities there may be the option for people to join either a University Royal Naval Unit, a University Officer Training Corps (UOTC) or a University Air Squadron; which are designed to introduce students to life in the Forces and show them the careers that are available. People sponsored under the Defence Technical Undergraduate Scheme will join one of the four Support Units attached to universities participating in DTUS. There is a requirement for bursars of DTUS to join the military for 3 years after completion of their degree, there no requirement for students of any other organisation to join the military after they finish their degree programs; and the great majority have no further contact with the armed forces. Although service with these organisations may give some initial benefit to cadets attending the military colleges/academies, the next stage of the officer training programs assumes no prior military experience/knowledge, and those that did not partake in military activities at university are not disadvantaged.
There are now four military academies in the United Kingdom. Although the curriculum at each varies due to the differing nature of the service a man or woman is joining, it is a combination of military and academic study that is designed to turn young civilians into comprehensibly trained military officers.
Britannia Royal Naval College, HMS DartmouthCommando Training Centre Royal MarinesRoyal Military Academy SandhurstRoyal Air Force College CranwellOfficer Training for the Reserve Forces (e.g. Army Reserve, Royal Naval Reserve, RAF Reserves & Royal Marine Reserves) also takes place at the relevant military academies, but under a different curriculum and the courses tend to be concentrated into a much shorter period.
Postgraduate and staff training
Defence Academy of the United KingdomRoyal College of Defence Studies (mainly for officers of Colonel/Brigadier or equivalent rank selected as future senior leaders; highly selective)Joint Services Command and Staff College (courses for officers from Major to Brigadier or equivalent rank)Defence College of Management and TechnologyArmed Forces Chaplaincy CentreAdvanced Research and Assessment GroupConflict Studies Research CentreRoyal Naval College, GreenwichRoyal Naval Engineering College, HMS ThundererStaff College, CamberleyRAF Staff College, AndoverRAF Staff College, BracknellRoyal Military Academy, WoolwichJoint Service Defence CollegeIn the United States, the term "military academy" does not necessarily mean a government-owned institution run by the armed forces to train its own officers. It may also mean a middle school, high school, or college, whether public or private, which instructs its students in military-style education, discipline and tradition. Students at such civilian institutions can earn a commission in the U.S. military through the successful completion of a Senior Reserve Officers' Training Corps program along with their college or university's academic coursework.
The term military school primarily refers to pre-collegiate secondary-school-level military institutions, which were more common before the 1970s and 1980s.The term military academy commonly refers to a pre-collegiate, collegiate, and post-collegiate institution, especially the U.S. military-run academies.The term US military staff colleges refers to separate graduate schools catering to officers on active duty .Most state-level military academies maintain both a civilian student body and a traditional corps of cadets. The only exception is the Virginia Military Institute, which remains all-military.
The colleges operated by the U.S. Federal Government are referred to as the Federal Service Academies and are:
United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, ColoradoUnited States Coast Guard Academy, New London, ConnecticutUnited States Merchant Marine Academy, Kings Point, New YorkUnited States Military Academy, West Point, New YorkUnited States Naval Academy, Annapolis, MarylandUniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MarylandSenior and junior military colleges
There is one all-military state-sponsored military academy:
The Virginia Military Institute (VMI), Lexington, VirginiaIn addition, these five institutions that were military colleges at the time of their founding now maintain both a corps of cadets and a civilian student body. Many of these institutions also offer on-line degree programs:
University of North Georgia, Dahlonega, Georgia — Formed by a 2013 merger with Gainesville State College, its main predecessor institution, last known as North Georgia College & State University, was chartered as a military college. However, when NGCSU was founded in 1873 as North Georgia Agricultural College, it had both a corps and a civilian student body, and was also the state's first coeducational college.Norwich University Corps of Cadets. Norwich University, Northfield, VermontTexas A&M Corps of Cadets, Texas A&M University, College Station, TexasThe Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, Charleston, South CarolinaVirginia Tech Corps of Cadets, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VirginiaAlong with VMI, these institutions are known as the Senior Military Colleges of the US.
Today five institutions are considered Military Junior Colleges (JMC). These five military schools participate in the Army's two-year Early Commissioning Program, an Army ROTC program where qualified students can earn a commission as a Second Lieutenant after only two years of college. The five Military Junior Colleges are as follows:
Georgia Military College, Milledgeville, GeorgiaMarion Military Institute, Marion, AlabamaNew Mexico Military Institute, Roswell, New MexicoValley Forge Military Academy and College, Wayne, PennsylvaniaWentworth Military Academy and College, Lexington, MissouriThere are six (6) state-operated Merchant Marine academies:
Massachusetts Maritime AcademyMaine Maritime AcademySUNY Maritime CollegeTexas A&M Maritime AcademyGreat Lakes Maritime AcademyCalifornia Maritime AcademyThese merchant marine academies operate on a military college system. Part of the training that the cadets receive is naval and military in nature. Cadets may apply for Naval Reserve commissions upon obtaining their Merchant Marine Officer's licenses. Most if not all also offer some form of military commissioning program into the active duty US Navy, US Marine Corps, or US Coast Guard.
The United States staff colleges, mandated to serve the needs of officers for post-graduate studies and other such graduate institutions as mandated by the Department of Defense are:
The Air University in Maxwell AFB, Alabama, includes theSquadron Officer College and Squadron Officer SchoolAir Command and Staff CollegeAir War CollegeUnited States Army Command and General Staff CollegeUnited States Army School of Advanced Military StudiesUnited States Army War CollegeStaff Colleges of the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps
Naval War CollegeNaval Postgraduate SchoolMarine Corps UniversityNational Defense University in Washington, D.C. which includes theJoint Forces Staff College (Norfolk, Virginia)National War CollegeDwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource StrategyDefense Acquisition UniversityNational Intelligence University (Military intelligence)The Judge Advocate General's Legal Center and School (Legal services training)Air Force Judge Advocate General's School (Legal services training)Naval Justice School (Legal services training)National Defense Academy of Vietnam in Hanoi, VietnamLê Quý Đôn Technical University in Hanoi, VietnamVietnam Naval Academy in Nha Trang, Khánh Hòa Province, VietnamA military school teaches children (primarily boys) of various ages (elementary school, middle school or high school) in a military environment which includes training in military aspects, such as drill. The vast majority are in the United States and Russia. Many military schools are also boarding schools, and others are simply magnet schools in a larger school system. Many are privately run institutions, though some are public and are run either by a public school system (such as the Chicago Public Schools) or by a state.
A common misconception results because some states have chosen to house their juvenile criminal populations in higher-security boarding schools that are run in a manner similar to military boarding schools. These are also called reform schools, and are functionally a combination of school and prison. They attempt to emulate the environment of military boarding schools in the belief that a strict structured environment can reform these children. This may or may not be true. However, their environment and target population are different from those of military schools.
Popular culture sometimes shows parents sending or threatening to send unruly children off to military school (or boarding school) to teach them good behavior (e.g., in the "Army of One" episode of The Sopranos, Tony and Carmela Soprano consider sending their son, AJ, to the Hudson Military Institute). A similar situation appears in Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure, while other fictional depictions don't show military academies as punishment (threats) (ex. Damien: Omen II and The Presidio.
A college-level military academy is an institute of higher learning of things military. It is part of a larger system of military education and training institutions. The primary educational goal at military academies is to provide a high quality education that includes significant coursework and training in the fields of military tactics and military strategy. The amount of non-military coursework varies by both the institution and the country, and the amount of practical military experience gained varies as well.
Military academies may or may not grant university degrees. In the U.S., graduates have a major field of study, earning a Bachelor's degree in that subject just as at other universities. However, in British academies, the graduate does not achieve a university degree, since the whole of the one-year course (nowadays undertaken mainly but not exclusively by university graduates) is dedicated to military training.
There are two types of military academies: national (government-run) and state/private-run.
Graduates from national academies are typically commissioned as officers in the country's military. The new officers usually have an obligation to serve for a certain number of years. In some countries (e.g. Britain) all military officers train at the appropriate academy, whereas in others (e.g. the United States) only a percentage do and the service academies are seen as institutions which supply service-specific officers within the forces (about 15 percent of US military officers).State or private-run academy graduates have no requirement to join the military after graduation, although some schools have a high rate of graduate military service. Today, most of these schools have ventured away from their military roots and now enroll both military and civilian students. The only exception in the United States is the Virginia Military Institute which remains all-military.