Mainland is a contiguous landmass that is larger and often politically, economically and/or demographically more significant than politically associated remote territories, such as exclaves or oceanic islands situated outside the continental shelf.
In geography, "mainland" can denote the continental (i.e. non-insular) part of any polity or the main island within an island nation. In geopolitics, "mainland" is sometimes used interchangeably with terms like Metropole as an antonym to overseas territories. In the sense of "heartland", mainland is the opposite of periphery.
The term is used on multiple levels. From a Tasmanian perspective, continental Australia is the mainland, while to residents of Flinders Island, the main island of Tasmania is also "the mainland".
Prominent uses of the term "Mainland"
Mainland Argentina, as opposed to Tierra del Fuego Province (including Argentinian Antarctic claims), as well as other islands of Argentina
Mainland Australia, as opposed to the island of Tasmania and other Australian islands, especially those not part of Australia proper.
Mainland Brazil, as opposed to Abrolhos, Fernando de Noronha, Ilhabela, Saint Peter and Saint Paul and Trindade and Martim Vaz.
Mainland Canada, as opposed to Canadian Islands, particularly those in the Maritimes or in the Arctic
the Mainland Colony was the mainland part of British Columbia, prior to its merger with Vancouver Island; today, the term "Lower Mainland" refers the southernmost part of the coast of British Columbia
the continental part of Nova Scotia, as opposed to Cape Breton Island and other Nova Scotian islands
Mainland China (including the island of Hainan), as opposed to the special administrative regions along the south coast and islands controlled by Republic of China, or more generally any islands of China, regardless of administrative status
Mainland Chile, as opposed to remote islands of the Chilean Sea and Chilean Antarctic claims, as well as offshore islands of Chile such as the Chiloé Archipelago
the Cuban Mainland, as opposed to the Canarreos Archipelago and other islands of Cuba
Mainland Denmark, as opposed to overseas parts of the Danish Realm; geographically, Denmark proper consists of a continental portion called Jutland and nearby Danish Isles
the main island is Greenland, excluding Disko Island and other islands of Greenland
Mainland Ecuador, as opposed to the Galapagos Islands and other islands of Ecuador
Mainland Equatorial Guinea, as opposed to the non-continental parts of the country
Mainland Estonia, as opposed to the West Estonian archipelago with two of the fifteen counties and other islands of Estonia
Mainland Europe, from the perspective of the British Isles, means the continental part of Europe, while from a Nordic perspective, refers more vaguely to continental Europe south of the Scandinavian Peninsula
Mainland Finland, as opposed to the Åland Islands; historically, Finland proper made up the southwestern portion of the mainland
Mainland France, as opposed to Corsica and other islands within European France; also used loosely as an antonym of Overseas France, despite the fact that the term Metropolitan France is more apt
the main island of New Caledonia, as opposed to the Loyalty Islands and other islands of New Caledonia
Mainland Greece (including and the island of Euboia), as opposed to the Greek Islands and the Greek part of Cyprus
the main island of Iceland, as opposed to other islands of Iceland
Mainland India, as opposed to its insular union territories or any other islands of India
the mainland part of Ireland, as opposed to its offshore islands
Mainland Italy, as opposed to its Insular Regions or any other islands of Italy
Mainland Japan, as opposed to the other Home Islands, or to remote islands of Japan, such as the Nanpo Islands
Mainland Korea as opposed to Jejudo and other islands of North or South Korea
the main island of Madagascar, as opposed to other islands of Madagascar
Mainland Malaysia as opposed to East Malaysia or to any islands of Malaysia
Mainland Malta, as apposed to Gozo and other islands of Malta
Mainland Netherlands as opposed to the Dutch Caribbean; the Netherlands proper contains numerous offshore islands
Mainland Norway, as opposed to Svalbard and other islands of Norway, including its overseas dependencies
the main island of Svalbard, as opposed to Nordaustlandet and other Islands of Svalbard
the mainland part of Papua New Guinea, as opposed to the Islands Region or to any other islands of Papua New Guinea
Mainland Portugal, as opposed to its insular regions, or more broadly to any islands of Portugal; until 1975, the term "mainland" was used loosely as an antonym of overseas Portugal
Mainland Spain as opposed to the Balearic and Canary Islands and other lands under Spanish sovereignty; cf. the colonial-era term peninsulares
the main island of Sri Lanka, as opposed to other islands of Sri Lanka
the main island of Taiwan, as opposed to Kinmen and other islands of Taiwan
the core part of Ukraine, as opposed to Crimea, which is nonetheless geographically part of the European mainland.
the British mainland, including Mainland Scotland and Wales as opposed to the exclave of Northern Ireland and other islands that make up the UK. The largest islands within the Northern Isles are called Orkney Mainland and Shetland Mainland, respectively. In addition, external Crown dependencies and Overseas Territories are neither part of the main island, nor of the UK
Mainland United States, as opposed to the Hawaiian Islands and to U.S. island territories in Pacific or Caribbean. The term contiguous United States is more widely used, and refers to the 48 adjoining U.S. states on the continent of North America, excluding the non-contiguous states of Alaska and Hawaii.Mainland Alaska (the part on the North American continent), as opposed to the approximately 2,670 named offshore islands (many of which are part of the Alexander Archipelago or Aleutian Islands chain).
The South Island of New Zealand is sometimes jokingly called the Mainland or the main island, especially by South Islanders themselves. Though it has a far smaller population, it is slightly larger than the North Island. "Mainland New Zealand" more commonly refers to the archipelago made up of the North and South Island and smaller nearby islands, often excluding more outlying islands such as the Chatham Islands, and always excluding remote insular parts of the Realm of New Zealand
Main or Big Land — in Russia — as opposed to Minor Land, islands or other isolated territories that are connected by water or air travel but not by paved road.
Mainland Wikipedia (Text) CC BY-SA
