Languages of Turkic peoples left numerous traces in different languages, including the English language. Turkic borrowings, which belong to the social and political vocabulary, are generally used in special literature and in the historical and ethnographical works, which relate to the life of Turkic and Muslim peoples. The ethnographical words are generally used in the scientific literature, and in the historical and ethnographical texts.
The adoption of Indian (principally Hindustani) words, among which there were some Turkic borrowings, became one of the ways for the words of the Turkic origin to penetrate English. Additionally, several words of Turkic origin penetrated English through Eastern European languages like Russian and Polish. Albanian, German, Latin, Spanish, Italian, French, Hungarian and Serbo-Croatian were also intermediary languages for the Turkic words to penetrate English, as well as containing numerous Turkic loanwords themselves (e.g. Serbo-Croatian contains around 5,000 Turkic loanwords, primarily from Turkish ).
In the nineteenth century, Turkic loanwords, generally of Turkish origin, began to penetrate not only through the writings of the travelers, diplomats and merchants, and through the ethnographical and historical works, but also through the press. In 1847, there were two English-language newspapers in Istanbul – The Levant Herald and The Levant Times, seven newspapers in French, one in German and 37 in Turkish. Turkish contributed the largest share of the Turkic loans, which penetrated into the English directly. This can be explained by the fact that Turkey had the most intensive and wide connections with England. Nevertheless, there are many Turkic loans in English, which were borrowed by its contacts with other peoples – Azerbaijanis, Tatars, Uzbeks, Kazakhs and Kirghiz.
Most of the Turkic loans in English carry exotic or ethnographical connotations. They do not have equivalents in English, do not have synonymic relations with primordial words, and generally are used to describe the fauna, flora, life customs, political and social life, and an administrative-territorial structure of Turkic regions. But there are many Turkic loans, which are still part of the frequently used vocabulary. Some Turkic loans have acquired new meanings, unrelated to their etymology.
To conclude, the words of the Turkic origin began penetrating English as early as the Middle Ages, the Turkic loanwords found their way into English through other languages, most frequently through French. Since the 16c, beginning from the time of the establishment of the direct contacts between England and Turkey, and Russia, in English appeared new direct borrowings from Turkic languages. German, Polish, Russian, Serbo-Croatian, French, Arabic, Armenian, Afrikaans, Hungarian, Yiddish, Hindustani, Spanish, Italian, Latin, Malayan, to a different extent, took part in the process of the transfer of the Turkic words into English. The main language from which the borrowings were made, was Turkish.
Afshar
from Turkic
Afshar, "a Turkic tribe living majorly in Kerman province of Iran". A Shiraz rug of coarse weave.
Aga or Agha
from Turkish
ağa, a title of rank, especially in Turkey.
Aga Khan
from Turkic
agha and
khan, the divinely ordained head of the Nizari branch of Isma'ili Shi'a Islam.
Agaluk
from Turkish
Ağalık, a feudal unit of the Ottoman Empire
Airan
from Turkish
ayran
Akbash
from Turkish
akbaş, literally "a whitehead"
Akche
from Turkish
akçe, also
asper, an Ottoman monetary unit consisted of small silver coins.
Akhissar
from Turkish
Akhisar, a city in Manisa Province, Turkey near İzmir. A kind of heavy modern carpet made at Akhisar.
Altay
from the Altai Mountains of Central Asia, which is from Turkic-Mongolian
altan, meaning "golden". 1. the Altai horse 2. the Altay sheep
Altilik
from Turkish
altılık. A coin formerly used in Turkey, originally silver, equivalent to six piastres.
Araba
(from Arabic:
عربة
ʿarabah or the Turkish loan form
araba, arba or aroba). A horse-driven carriage.
Arnaut
from Turkish
arnavut, "an Albanian". An inhabitant of Albania and neighboring mountainous regions, especially an Albanian serving in the Turkish army.
Aslan
from Turkish
Aslan, "lion".
Astrakhan
from
Astrakhan, Russia, which is from Tatar or Kazakh
hadžitarkhan, or As-tarxan (tarkhan of As or Alans) Karakul sheep of Russian origin or a cloth with a pile resembling karakul.
Atabeg
from Turkic
atabeg, from
ata, "a father" +
beg "a prince".
Atabek
from Turkic, an alternative form of
Atabeg.
Ataghan
from Turkish
yatağan, an alternative form of
yatagan.
Ataman
from Russian, from South Turkic
ataman, "leader of an armed band" :
ata, "father" +
-man, augmentative suffix.
Aul
Russian, from the Tatar and Kyrgyz languages.
Ayran
see
Airan
Bahadur
from Hindi
bahādur "brave, brave person", from Persian, probably from Mongolian, cf. Classical Mongolian
baγatur, which is from Turkic, perhaps originally a Turkic personal name.
Bairam
from Turkish
bayram, literally "a festival"
Baklava
from Turkish
baklava
Balaclava
from Balaklava, village in the Crimea, which is from Turkish
balıklava. A hoodlike knitted cap covering the head, neck, and part of the shoulders and worn especially by soldiers and mountaineers.
Balalaika
from Russian
balalaika, of Turkic origin.
Balkan
from Turkish
balkan "a mountain chain", relating to the states of the Balkan Peninsula, or their peoples, languages, or cultures.
Bamia
from Turkish
bamya.
Ban
from Romanian, from Serbo-Croatian
ban, "lord", which is from Turkic
bayan, "very rich person" :
bay, "rich" +
-an, intensive suff.
Barbotte
from Canadian French
barbotte, which is from Turkish
barbut. A dice game
Barchan/Barkhan
from Russian, which is from Kirghiz
barkhan. A moving sand dune shaped like a crescent and found in several very dry regions of the world
Bashaw
from Turkish
başa, a variant of
pasha
Bashi-bazouk
from Turkish
başıbozuk
Bashlyk
from Turkish
başlık, "a hood", from
baş, "a head"
Batman
from Turkish
batman. Any of various old Persian or Turkish units of weight
Beetewk
from Russian
bityug,
bityuk, which is from Turkic
bitük, akin to Chagatai
bitü, Uzbek
bitäü. A Russian breed of heavy draft horses.
Beg
from Turkic
beg, an alternative form of
bey
Beglerbeg
from Turkish
beylerbeyi, a variant of
beylerbey
Begum
from Urdu
begam, which is from East Turkic
begüm
Behcet
from the name of Turkish scientist Hulusi Behçet, a multisystem, chronic recurrent disease.
Bektashi
from Turkish
bektaşi
Bergamot
from French
bergamote, from Italian
bergamotta, ultimately from Turkish
bey armudu, literally, "the bey's pear"
Bey
from Turkish
bey
Beylerbey
from Turkish
beylerbeyi
Beylik
from Turkish
beylik
Binbashi
from Turkish
binbaşı, "chief of a thousand",
bin "thousand" +
bash "head". (Mil.) A major in the Turkish army.
Bogatyr
from Russian
bogatyr "hero, athlete, warrior", from Old Russian
bogatyri, of Turkic origin; akin to Turkish
batur "brave"
Borek
from Turkish
böreği, ultimately from root
bur-, "twisted"
Borunduk
from Russian
burunduk, which is from Mari
uromdok or from Turkic
burunduk. A Siberian ground squirrel.
Bosa or boza
from Turkish
boza, a fermented drink
Bosh
from Turkish
boş, which means "nonsense, empty" (Bosh on wiktionary)
Bostanji
from Turkish
bostancı, literally "a gardener"
Bouzouki
from modern Greek
mpouzoúki, which is from Turkish
bozuk "broken, ruined, depraved" or
büzük "constricted, puckered".
Boyar
from Russian
boyarin, from Old Russian
boljarin, from Turkic
baylar, plural of
bay, "rich"; akin to Turkish
bay, "rich, gentleman".
Bridge game
the word came into English from the Russian word,
biritch, which in turn originates from a Turkic word for "bugler" (in modern Turkish:
borucu,
borazancı) or might have come from a Turkish term
bir, üç, or "one, three"
Bugger
from Middle English
bougre, "heretic", from Old French
boulgre, from Medieval Latin
Bulgarus, from Greek
Boulgaros, "Bulgarian", probably ultimately from Turkic
bulghar, "of mixed origin, promiscuous" or "rebels", from
bulgamaq, "to mix, stir, stir up".
Bulgar
from
Bolgar,
Bolghar, former kingdom on the Volga river around Kazan (
see bugger). A Russia leather originally from Bolgar.
Bulgur
from Turkish
bulgur, which means "pounded wheat"
Buran
from Russian
buran, of Turkic origin, probably from Tatar
buran
Burka
from Russian, probably from
buryi "dark brown (of a horse)", probably of Turkic origin; akin to Turkish
bur "red like a fox"; the Turkic word probably from Persian
bor "reddish brown"; akin to Sanskrit
babhru "reddish brown".
Cafeneh
from Turkish
kahvane,
kahvehane "a coffee shop, café", from
kahve "coffee" +
hane "house"
Caïque
from Turkish
kayık
Caiquejee
alteration (influenced by
caique) of earlier
caikjee, from Turkish
kayıkçı, "a boatman"
Calpack
from Turkish
kalpak
Caracal
from Turkish
karakulak, which means "black ear"
Caraco
from French, perhaps from Turkish
kerrake "alpaca coat". A woman's short coat or jacket usually about waist length.
Caracul
from Uzbek
karakul, an alteration of
karakul
Caragana
from New Latin, of Turkic origin; akin to Kirghiz
karaghan "Siberian pea tree".
Caramoussal
from Turkish
karamürsel,
karamusal, perhaps from
kara "black" +
mürsel "envoy, apostle"
Casaba
from a town called
Kasaba (now Turgutlu) in Turkey
Cassock
from Middle French
casaque "long coat", probably ultimately from Turkic
quzzak "nomad, adventurer" (the source of Cossack), an allusion to their typical riding coat. Or perhaps from Arabic
kazagand, from Persian
kazhagand "padded coat".
Cham
from French, which is from Turkish
khan, "lord, prince"
Chekmak
from Turkish, a Turkish fabric of silk and cotton, with gold thread interwoven.
Chelengk
from Ottoman Turkish
çelenk, a bird's feather used as a sign of bravery
Chiaus
from Turkish
çavuş.
Chibouk
from Turkish
çubuk.
Choga
from Sindhi, of Turko-Mongol origin; akin to Turkish
çuha "cloth". A long-sleeved long-skirted cloak for men worn mainly in India and Pakistan.
Chouse
perhaps from Turkish
çavuş "a doorkeeper, messenger"
Coffee
from Ottoman Turkish
kahve via Italian
caffè
Corsac
from Russian
korsak, from Kirghiz
karsak, "a small yellowish brown bushy-tailed fox"
Cosaque
from French, literally, "Cossack", from Russian
Kazak & Ukrainian
kozak, which is from Turkic
Kazak. A cracker.
Cossack
from Turkic
quzzaq which means "adventurer, guerilla, nomad" (Cossack on wiktionary)
Desemer
from German, from Low German, alteration of Middle Low German
bisemer,
besemer, of Baltic origin; akin to Lithuanian
bezmnas, of Slavic origin; akin to Old Russian
bezmenu "desemer, small weight", Polish
bezmian,
przezmian "balance without pans", perhaps of Turkic origin; akin to Turkish
batman "small weight". An ancient balance.
Devshirmeh
from Turkish
devşirme, which means "gathering"
Dey
from Turkish
dayı, literally "a maternal uncle"
Dolma
from Turkish
dolma, which means "filled" or "stuffed"
Dolman
ultimately from Turkish
dolaman, a robe, from
dolamak "to wind"
Dolmus, also Dolmush
from Turkish
dolmuş, a share taxi
Domra
from Kazakh
dombra, a musical instrument
Doner kebab
(Canadian:
donair) from Turkish
döner kebap
Donmeh
from Turkish
dönme, which literally means "a convert"
Donum
from Turkish
dönüm, an alternative form of
dunam
Doodle
from German
dudeln "to play (the bagpipe)", from
dudel "a bagpipe", from Czech or Polish
dudy "a bagpipe", from Turkish
düdük "a flute".
Dunam
from Turkish
dönüm, from
dönmek "go round"
Elchee or elchi
from Turkish
elçi, which means "an ambassador".
Eleme figs
from Turkish
eleme "selected, sifted". Smyrna figs of superior quality packed flat.
Galiongee
from Turkish
kalyonçi,
kalyoncu, "a Turkish sailor", from
kalyon, Italian
galeone +
çi or
cu, the Turkish suffix.
Ganch
modification of Turkish
kancalamak "to put on a hook", from Turkish
kanca "large hook", modification of Greek
gampsos "curved" + Turkish suffix
-lamak.
Giaour
from Turkish
gâvur
Gilet
from French, from Spanish
gileco,
jaleco,
chaleco, from Arabic
jalikah, "a garment worn by slaves in Algeria", from Turkish
yelek "waistcoat, vest"
Hadjuk
from Ottoman Turkish
haydut, "bandit, soldier"
Harambaša
from Turkish
haramibaşı, "bandit leader" (from
harami, "bandit" +
baş, "head")
Haremlik
from Turkish
haremlik, from
harem (from Arabic harim & Arabic haram) + the Turkish suffix
-lik "a place"
Horde
from Turkic
ordu or
orda ("khan's residence") (Horde on wiktionary)
Hun
from Medieval Latin
Hunni, supposedly ultimately from Turkic
Hun-yü, the name of a tribe.
Hungary
most directly from Latin, ultimately from Turkic, c.f. Onogur.
Imam bayildi
from Turkish
imambayıldı, "the imam fainted", an eggplant dish prepared with olive oil.
Imbat
from Turkish
imbat, a cooling etesian wind in the Levant (as in Cyprus).
Janissary
from Turkish
yeniçeri, which means "a new soldier" (janissary on wiktionary)
Jarlig
from Mongolian: зарлиг,
zarlig via Russian
iarlyk
Jelick
from Turkish
yelek, the bodice or vest of a Turkish woman's dress.
Jettru
from Turkic, a union of seven Turkic peoples of Central Asia formed at the end of the 17th or beginning of the 18th century under one khan.
Kadiluk
from Ottoman Turkish
kadı, "judge"
Kaftan
from Turkish
kaftan (also in Persian)
Kaique
from Turkish
kayık, an alternative form of
caïque.
Kalderimi
from Ottoman Turkish
kaldırım, "paved road"
Kalpak
from Turkish
kalpak
Kangal
from Turkish
kangal or
sivas kangal köpeği
Karabagh
A type of rug, named after the Karabagh region in the Caucasus.
Karabash
from Turkish
karabaş, literally "a blackhead"
Karadagh
from Azeri
Karadagh, a mountain range in Azerbaijan province, northwestern Iran. a Persian rug having a bold design and rich coloring.
Karagane
from Russian
karagan, which is from Turkic
karagan. A species of gray fox found in Russia.
Karakul
from Uzbek
karakul, literally a village in Uzbekistan
Karakurt
from Russian, of Turkic origin,
karakurt, "a venomous spider".
Kasseri
from New Greek
kaseri, from Turkish
kaşer,
kaşar
Kavass
from Turkish
kavas
Kazak
from
Kazak, a town in Azerbaijan, an Oriental rug in bold colors with geometric designs or stylized plant and animal forms.
Kefir
from Russian, probably ultimately from Old Turkic
köpür, "milk, froth, foam", from
köpürmäk, "to froth, foam".
Kelek
from Turkish
kelek, a raft or float supported on inflated animal skins.
Kendyr
from Russian
kendyr, from Turkish
kendir. A strong bast fiber that resembles Indian hemp and is used in Asia as cordage and as a substitute for cotton and hemp.
Ketch
probably from Middle English
cacchen "to capture", or perhaps from Turkish
kayık "a boat, skiff".
Khagan
from Turkic
kaghan, an alternative form of
khan
Khan
from Turkic
khan, akin to Turkish
han (title meaning "ruler")
Khanum
from Turkic
khanum, akin to Turkish
hanım, "a female derivation of Khan"
Khatun
from Turkic
khatūn, perhaps from Old Turkic or from Sogdian
kwat'yn, "a queen"
Kibitka
from Russian, of Turkic origin; akin to Kazan Tatar
kibit "booth, stall, tent", Uyghur
käbit.
Kielbasa
from Polish
kiełbasa, from East and West Slavic
*kŭlbasa, from East Turkic
kül bassï, "grilled cutlet", from Turkic
kül bastï :
kül, "coals, ashes" +
bastï, "pressed (meat)" (from basmaq, to press)
Kilij
from Turkish
kılıç, a Turkish saber with a crescent-shaped blade.
Kiosk
from Turkish
köşk, an open summerhouse or pavilion
Kipchak
from Russian, which is from Chagatai. 1. One of the ancient Turkic peoples of the Golden Horde related to the Uyghurs and Kyrgyz. 2. The Turkic language of the Kipchaks.
Kis Kilim
from Turkish
kızkilim, a kind of carpet.
Kizilbash
from Turkish
kızılbaş, literally "a red head"
Knish
from Yiddish, from Ukrainian
knysh, probably of Turkic origin.
Kok-saghyz
from Russian
kok-sagyz, from Turkic
kök-sagız, from
kök "root" +
sagız "rubber, gum"
Komitadji
from Turkish
komitacı, a rebel, member of a secret revolutionary society.
Konak
from Turkish
konak, a large house in Turkey.
Krym-saghyz
from Russian
krym-sagyz, of Turkic origin, from
Krym "Crimea", +
sagız "rubber, gum".
Kulah
from Turkish
Kula, a town in western Turkey. A Turkish rug that is often a prayer rug and that uses the Ghiordes knot.
Kulak
from Russian
kulak "a fist", of Turkic origin; akin to Turkish
kol "arm".
Kulan
from Kirghiz
kulan, "the wild ass of the Kirghiz steppe".
Kumiss
from Turkic
kumyz or
kumis (kumiss on wiktionary)
Kurbash
from Turkish
kırbaç
Kurgan
from Russian, of Turkic origin; akin to Turkish
kurgan "fortress, castle"
Kurus
from Turkish
kuruş, a Turkish piaster equal to 1/100 lira.
Lackey
from French
laquais, from Spanish
lacayo, ultimately from Turkish
ulak, which means "runner" or "courier".
Ladik
from Turkish
Ladik, a village in Turkey. A rug of fine texture woven in and near Ladik in central Anatolia.
Latten
from Middle English
latoun,
laton, from Middle French
laton,
leton, from Old Provençal, from Arabic
latun, of Turkic origin; akin to Turkish
altın "gold"
Lavash
from Armenian, which is originally taken from Turkish
lavaş.
Lokshen
from Yiddish, plural of
loksh "noodle", from Russian dial.
loksha, of Turkic origin; akin to Uyghur & Kazan Tatar
lakca "noodles", Chuvash
läskä.
Mammoth
from Russian
mamot,
mamont,
mamant, perhaps from a Yakut word derived from Yakut
mamma "earth"; from the belief that the mammoths burrowed in the earth like moles.
Martagon
from Middle English, from Old French, from Old Spanish, from Ottoman Turkish
martagan, "a kind of turban".
Merdiban
an accounting method used by the Ottoman Empire, Abbasid empire, and the Ilkhanate; from a word meaning "Ladder" or "Staircase".
Nagaika
from Russian, of Turkic origin; akin to Kirghiz
nogai
Oda
from Turkish
oda, literally "a room, chamber". A room in a harem.
Odalisque
from French, which is from Turkish
odalık, from
oda, "a room"
Oghuz or Ghuz
from Turkic
oghuz. A descendant of certain early Turkic invaders of Persia.
Osmanli
from Turkish
osmanlı, from
Osman, founder of the Ottoman Empire +
lı "of or pertaining to"
Ottoman
from French, adjective & noun, probably from Italian
ottomano, from Turkish
osmani, from
Osman,
Othman died 1326, founder of the Ottoman Empire
Paklava
modification of Turkish
baklava
Parandja
from Uzbek, a heavy black horsehair veil worn by women of Central Asia.
Pasha
from Turkish
paşa, earlier
basha, from
bash "head, chief" which equates to "Sir"
Pashalic
from Turkish
paşalık, "title or rank of
pasha", from
paşa: the jurisdiction of a
pasha or the territory governed by him
Pastrami
from Yiddish
pastrame, from Romanian
pastrama, ultimately from Turkish
pastırma
Petcheneg
from Russian
pecheneg, which is from Turkic. Member of a Turkic people invading the South Russian, Danubian, and Moldavian steppes during the early Middle Ages.
Pilaf
from Turkish
pilav, and ultimately from Sanskrit
pulāka- (पुलाक), "lump of boiled rice"
Pirogi
from Yiddish, from Russian, plural of
pirog (pie), perhaps borrowed from Kazan Tatar, (cf. Turk. börek)
Pul
from Persian
pul, which is from Turkish
pul. A unit of value of Afghanistan equal to 1/100 Afghani.
Qajar or Kajar
from Persian
Qajar, of Turkish origin. A people of northern Iran holding political supremacy through the dynasty ruling Persia from 1794 to 1925.
Quiver
from Anglo-French
quiveir, from Old French
quivre, probably ultimately from the Hunnic language,
kubur in Old Turkish
Rumelia
from Turkish
Rumeli, "land of Romans"
Sabot
from Old French
çabot, alteration of
savate "old shoe", probably of Turkish or Arabic origin.
Saic
from French
saïque, from Turkish
shaika.
Saiga
from Russian
saĭgá(k), from Turkic; cf. Chagatai
sayğak
Saker
through Old French from Arabic
saqr, probably from Turkic
sonqur, which means "a falcon".
Samiel
from Turkish
samyeli,
sam, "poisonous" +
yel, "wind".
Sanjak
from Turkish
sancak, which means "a banner"
Sarma
from Turkish
sarma, which means "wrapping"
Saxaul
from Russian
saksaul, which is from Kazakh
seksevil. A leafless xerophytic shrub or tree of the family Chenopodiaceae of Asia that has green or greenish branches and is used for stabilization of desert soils.
Selamlik
from Turkish
Selamlık.
Seljuk
from Turkish
Selçuk, "eponymous ancestor of the dynasties". Of or relating to any of several Turkic dynasties that ruled over a great part of western Asia in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries.
Seraskier
from Turkish
serasker, from Persian
ser "head, chief" + Arabic
asker "an army".
Sevdalinka
originally Arabic
sawda, via Turkish
sevda, "black bile". Genre of Balkan folk-music
Sevruga
through Russian
sevryuga ultimately from Tatar
söirök.
Shabrack
from French
schabraque, from German
schabracke, from Hungarian
csáprág, from Turkish
çaprak
Shagreen
from Turkish
sağrı, which means "the back of a horse"
Shaman
from Turkic word
šamán.
Shashlik
from Russian
шашлык, which is from Crimean Tatar
şışlık, which means "shish kebab"
Shawarma
ultimately from Turkish
çevirme, which literally means "turning"
Shish
from Turkish
şiş, which literally means "a skewer"
Shish kebab
from Turkish
şiş kebabı
Shor
from Russian, of Turko-Mongol origin; akin to Kalmyk & Mongolian
sor "salt", Turkish
sure "brackish soil". A salt lake in Turkestan, a salina.
Som
from Kirghiz, "crude iron casting, ruble"
Taiga
from Russian
taiga, of Turkic origin; akin to Teleut
taiga "rocky, mountainous terrain", Turkish
dağ "mountain"; Mongolian origin is also possible.
Taramasalata
from modern Greek
taramas "preserved roe", from Turkish
tarama "preparation of soft roe or red caviar" +
salata "salad".
Taranchi
from Chagatai
Taranci, literally "a farmer".
Tarantass
from Russian
tarantas, which is from Kazan Tatar
tarıntas.
Tarbagan
from Russian, which is from Teleut. A rodent
Tarbush
from Arabic
tarbūsh, from Ottoman Turkish
terposh, probably from Persian
sarposh "headdress" (equivalent to
sar "head" +
pūsh "covering"), by association with Turkish
ter "sweat". A tasseled cap of cloth or felt, usually red, that is worn by Muslim men either by itself or as the inner part of the turban.
Tarkhan
from Old Turkic
tarkan, a privileged class.
Tarpan
from Russian, which is from Kirghiz or Kazakh
tarpan.
Tartar
from Persian
Tatar, of Turkic origin. A ferocious or violent person - Latin, from "Tartarus" - evil, hell.
Tau-saghyz
from Russian
tau-sagyz, from Turkic
tau-sagız, from
tau "mountain" +
sagız "gum, rubber".
Tavla
from Turkish
tavla, a version of the board game backgammon.
Tekke
from Turkish
tekke, a dervish monastery.
Tenge
from Kazakh
teŋge "coin, ruble".
Tepe
from Turkish
tepe, literally "a hill, summit". An artificial mound.
Terek
from Terek, river of southeast Russia, which is from Balkar
Terk. A sandpiper of the Old World breeding in the far north of eastern Europe and Asia and migrating to southern Africa and Australia and frequenting rivers.
Theorbo
from Italian
tiorba, which is from Turkish
torba "a bag".
Toman
from Persian تومان, which is from Turkic
tümen, "a unit of ten thousand".
Tovarich
from Russian
tovarishch, from Old Russian
tovarishch, sing. of
tovarishchi, "business associates", which is from Old Turkic
tavar ishchi, "businessman, merchant" :
tavar, "wealth, trade" +
ishchi, "one who works" (from
ish, "work, business").
Tughra
from Turkish
tuğra, an elaborate monogram formed of the Sultan's name and titles.
Tungus
from Russian, from East Turkic
tunguz, "wild pig, boar", from Old Turkic
tonguz.
Turk
from Turkish
türk, which has several meanings in English.
Turki
from Persian
turki, from
Turk, "Turk", from Turkish
Türk.
Turquoise
from Middle English
Turkeys, from Anglo-French
turkeise, from feminine of
turkeis Turkish, from
Turc Turkish.
Tuzla
from Turkish
tuzla, from the name of Lake Tuz in Turkey. A central Anatolian rug.
Tzatziki
from modern Greek
tsatsiki, which is from Turkish
cacık.
Ugrian
from Old Russian
Ugre, which means "Hungarians", of Turkic origin.
Uhlan
from Turkish
oğlan "a boy, servant".
Urdu
from Hindustani
Urdu "camp", which is from Turkic
ordu (source of horde).
Urman
from Russian, which is from Kazan Tatar
urman, "a forest", synonymous with
taiga; Turkish word
orman.
Ushak
from Ushak, Turkish
Uşak, manufacturing town of western Turkey. A heavy woolen oriental rug tied in Ghiordes knots and characterized by bright primary colors and an elaborate medallion pattern.
Yardang
from Turkic
yardang, ablative of
yar "steep bank, precipice".
Yarmulka
of Turkic origin; akin to Turkish
yağmurluk which means "rainwear".
Yashmak or yashmac
from Turkish
yaşmak.
Yataghan
from Turkish
yatağan.
Yogurt
from Turkish
yoğurt. (yogurt on wiktionary)
Yurt
from Turkic
yurt, which means "a dwelling place".
Yuruk
from Turkish
yürük, "a nomad". 1. One of a nomadic shepherd people of the mountains of southeastern Anatolia. 2. A Turkish rug from the Konya and Karaman regions, southeastern Anatolia.
Zill
from Turkish
zil "bell, cymbals", of onomatopoeic origin.