Cannabis (Marijuana) is a popular psychoactive plant that is often used medically and recreationally. Cannabis is also unique in that it contains a psychoactive substance, THC, which contains no nitrogen and is not an indole, tryptamine, phenethylamine, anticholinergic (deliriant), or a dissociative drug. Cannabis plants tend to vary, with different strains producing dynamic balances of psychoactive cannabinoids (THC, CBD, etc.) that cause different strains to produce markedly different effects, popular strains often being hybrids of both Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica. Some universities and research firms currently study the medicinal effects of cannabis. Many jurisdictions have laws regulating or prohibiting the sale and use of medical and recreational cannabis.
Many of the psychedelic plants contain dimethyltryptamine (DMT), which is either snorted (Virola, Yopo snuffs), smoked, or drunk with MAOIs (Ayahuasca). It cannot simply be eaten as it is not orally active without an MAOI and it needs to be extremely concentrated to be smokable.
Species, Alkaloid content, where given, refers to dried material
Fittonia albivenis, a common ornamental plant from South America. It is useful in the treatment of headaches, etc.Justicia pectoralis, DMT in leavesAcer saccharinum (Silver Maple Tree) was found to contain the indole alkaloid gramine (not active and extremely toxic) 0.05% in the leaves, so it is possible that other members of this plant family contain active compounds.Delosperma acuminatum, DMT, 5-MEO-DMTDelosperma cooperi, DMT, 5-MEO-DMT Delosperma ecklonis, DMTDelosperma esterhuyseniae, DMTDelosperma hallii, 5-MEO-DMTDelosperma harazianum, DMT, 5-MEO-DMTDelosperma harazianum
Shibam, DMTDelosperma hirtum, DMTDelosperma hallii
aff. litoraleDelosperma lydenbergense, DMT, 5-MEO-DMT Delosperma nubigenum, 5-MEO-DMT Delosperma pageanum, DMT, 5-MEO-DMTDelosperma pergamentaceum, Traces of DMTDelosperma tradescantioides, DMTPrestonia amazonica: DMTVoacanga africana: Iboga alkaloidsAcacia acuminata, Up to 1.5% alkaloids, mainly consisting of dimethyltryptamine in bark & leaf Also, Harman, Tryptamine, NMT, other alkaloids in leaf. Acacia alpina, Active principles in leaf Acacia angustissima, β-methyl-phenethylamine, NMT and DMT in leaf (1.1-10.2 ppm) Acacia aroma, Tryptamine alkaloids. Significant amount of tryptamine in the seeds. Acacia auriculiformis, 5-MeO-DMT in stem bark Acacia baileyana, 0.02% tryptamine and β-carbolines, in the leaf, TetrahydroharmanAcacia beauverdiana, Psychoactive Ash used in Pituri. Acacia berlandieri, DMT, amphetamines, mescaline, nicotine Acacia catechu, DMT and other tryptamines in leaf, bark Acacia caven, PsychoactiveAcacia chundra, DMT and other tryptamines in leaf, barkAcacia colei, DMTAcacia complanata, 0.3% alkaloids in leaf and stem, almost all N-methyl-tetrahydroharman, with traces of tetrahydroharman, some of tryptamine Acacia confusa, DMT & NMT in leaf, stem & bark 0.04% NMT and 0.02% DMT in stem. Also N,N-dimethyltryptamine N-oxide Acacia cornigera, Psychoactive, Tryptamines DMT according to C. Rastch. Acacia cultriformis, Tryptamine, in the leaf, stem and seeds. Phenethylamine in leaf and seedsAcacia cuthbertsonii, Psychoactive Acacia decurrens, Psychoactive, but less than 0.02% alkaloidsAcacia delibrata, PsychoactiveAcacia falcata, Psychoactive, but less than 0.02% alkaloids Psychoactive 0.2-0.3% alkaloids Acacia farnesiana, Traces of 5-MeO-DMT in fruit. β-methyl-phenethylamine, flower. Ether extracts about 2-6% of the dried leaf mass. Alkaloids are present in the bark and leaves. Amphetamines and mescaline also found in tree.Acacia flavescens, Strongly Psychoactive, Bark.Acacia floribunda, Tryptamine, phenethylamine, in flowers other tryptamines, DMT,tryptamine,NMT 0.3-0.4% phyllodes.Acacia georginae, Psychoactive, plus deadly toxins Acacia horrida, Psychoactive Acacia implexa, PsychoactiveAcacia jurema, DMT, NMT Acacia karroo, PsychoactiveAcacia laeta, DMT, in the leaf Acacia longifolia, 0.2% tryptamine in bark, leaves, some in flowers, phenylethylamine in flowers, 0.2% DMT in plant. Histamine alkaloids.Acacia sophorae, Tryptamine in leaves, barkAcacia macradenia, Tryptamine Acacia maidenii, 0.6% NMT and DMT in about a 2:3 ratio in the stem bark, both present in leaves Acacia mangium, Psychoactive Acacia melanoxylon, DMT, in the bark and leaf, but less than 0.02% total alkaloids Acacia mellifera, DMT, in the leaf Acacia nilotica, DMT, in the leafAcacia nilotica subsp. adstringens, Psychoactive, DMT in the leafAcacia neurophylla DMT in bark, Harman in leaf.Acacia obtusifolia, Tryptamine, DMT, NMT, other tryptamines, 0.4-0.5% in dried bark,0.15-0.2% in leaf, 0.07% in branch tips.Acacia oerfota, Less than 0.1% DMT in leaf, NMTAcacia penninervis, Psychoactive Acacia phlebophylla, 0.3% DMT in leaf, NMT Acacia podalyriaefolia, Tryptamine in the leaf, 0.5% to 2% DMT in fresh bark, phenethylamine, trace amounts. Although this species is claimed to contain 0.5% to 2% DMT in fresh bark the reference for this is invalid as there is no reference to Acacia Podalyriffolia anywhere in the reference article. Additionally, well known and proven extraction techniques for DMT have failed to produce any DMT or alkaloids from fresh bark or the leaves on multiple sample taken at various seasons. Should DMT actually exist in this species of Acacia then it exists in extremely small amounts and have failed to produce any alkaloids with Acid/Base extraction techniques using HCl/Na(OH)2. On the same note, more academic research is definitely required into the DMT content of this and other Australian Acacia species with proper chemical analysis of sample. Acacia polyacantha, DMT in leaf and other tryptamines in leaf, barkAcacia polyacantha ssp. campylacantha, Less than 0.2% DMT in leaf, NMT; DMT and other tryptamines in leaf, bark Acacia rigidula, DMT, NMT, tryptamine, traces of amphetamines, mescaline, nicotine and othersAcacia sassa, Psychoactive Acacia schaffneri, β-methyl-phenethylamine, Phenethylamine Amphetamines and mescaline also found. Acacia senegal, Less than 0.1% DMT in leaf, NMT, other tryptamines. DMT in plant, DMT in bark.Acacia seyal, DMT, in the leaf. Ether extracts about 1-7% of the dried leaf mass. Acacia sieberiana, DMT, in the leaf Acacia simplex, DMT and NMT, in the leaf, stem and trunk bark, 0.81% DMT in bark, MMT Acacia tortilis, DMT, NMT, and other tryptamines Acacia vestita, Tryptamine, in the leaf and stem, but less than 0.02% total alkaloidsAcacia victoriae, Tryptamines, 5-MeO-alkyltryptamineList of Acacia Species Having Little or No Alkaloids in the Material Sampled:
(0% ≤ C ≤ 0.02%, Concentration of Alkaloids)Acacia acinaceaAcacia baileyanaAcacia decurrensAcacia dealbataAcacia mearnsiiAcacia drummondiiAcacia elataAcacia falcataAcacia leprosaAcacia linearisAcacia melanoxylonAcacia pycnanthaAcacia retinodesAcacia salignaAcacia strictaAcacia verticillataAcacia vestitaAlbizia inundata leaves contain DMT. Anadenanthera colubrina, Bufotenin, Beans, Bufotenin oxide, Beans, N,N-Dimethyltryptamine, Beans, pods,Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil - Bufotenin and Dimethyltryptamine have been isolated from the seeds and seed pods, 5-MeO-DMT from the bark of the stems. The seeds were found to contain 12.4% bufotenine, 0.06% 5-MeO-DMT and 0.06% DMT. Anadenanthera peregrina,1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-6-methoxy-2,9-dimethyl-beta-carboline, Plant, 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-6-methoxy-2-methyl-beta-carboline, Plant, 5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, Bark, 5-Methoxy-N-methyltryptamine, Bark, Bufotenin, plant, beans, Bufotenin N-oxide, Fruit, beans, N,N-Dimethyltryptamine-oxide, Fruit
Anadenanthera peregrina var. peregrina, Bufotenine is in the seeds. Desmanthus illinoensis, 0% - 0.34% DMT in root bark, highly variable. Also NMT, N-hydroxy-N-methyltryptamine, 2-hydroxy-N-methyltryptamine, and gramine (toxic). Desmanthus leptolobus, 0.14% DMT in root bark, more reliable than D. illinoensisDesmodium caudatum (syn. Ohwia caudata ), Roots: 0.087% DMT,Desmodium intortum, Bufotentine, DMT Codariocalyx motorius(syn. Desmodium gyrans), DMT, 5-MEO-DMT, leaves, rootsDesmodium racemosum, 5-MEO-DMT Desmodium triflorum, 0.0004% DMT-N-oxide, roots, less in stems and trace in leaves.Leonurus sibiricus, Alkaloids Lespedeza capitata, Lespedeza bicolor, DMT, 5-MEO-DMT in leaves and rootsLespedeza bicolor var. japonica, DMT, 5-MEO-DMT in leaves and root barkMimosa ophthalmocentra, Dried root: DMT 1.6%, NMT 0.0012% and hordenine 0.0065% Mimosa scabrella, Tryptamine, NMT, DMT and N-methyltetrahydrocarboline in barkMimosa somnians, Trytamines and MMT Mimosa tenuiflora (syn. "Mimosa hostilis"), 0.31-0.57% DMT (dry root bark). Mimosa verrucosa, DMT in root bark Mucuna pruriens, "The leaves, seeds, stems and roots contain L-Dopa, Serotonin, 5-HTP, and Nicotine, as well as N,N-DMT, Bufotenine, and 5-MeO-DMT."Petalostylis casseoides, 0.4-0.5% tryptamine, DMT, etc. in leaves and stemsPetalostylis labicheoides var. casseoides, DMT in leaves and stemsPhyllodium pulchellum(syn. Desmodium pulchellum), 0.2% 5-MeO-DMT, small quantities of DMT DMT (dominates in seedlings and young plants), 5-MEO-DMT (dominates in mature plant), whole plant, roots, stems, leaves, flowersErythrina flabelliformis, other Erythrina species, seeds contain the alkaloids Erysodin and ErysovinPetalostylis cassioides: 0.4-0.5% tryptamine, DMT, etc. in leaves and stemsPetalostylis labicheoides, Tryptamines in leaves and stems, MAO's up to 0.5%LauraceaeNectandra megapotamica, NMTDiplopterys cabrerana: DMT 0.17-1.74%, average of 0.47% DMTHorsfieldia superba: 5-MeO-DMT and beta-carbolinesIryanthera macrophylla: 5-MeO-DMT in barkIryanthera ulei: 5-MeO-DMT in barkOsteophloem platyspermum: DMT, 5-MeO-DMT in barkVirola calophylla, Leaves 0.149% DMT, leaves 0.006% MMT 5-MeO-DMT in barkVirola callophylloidea, DMTVirola carinata, DMT in leavesVirola cuspidata, DMTVirola divergens, DMT in leaves Virola elongata(syn. Virola theiodora), DMT, 5-MEO-DMT in bark, roots, leaves and flowersVirola melinonii, DMT in barkVirola multinervia, DMT, 5-MEO-DMT in bark and rootsVirola pavonis, DMT in leavesVirola peruviana, 5-MEO-DMT, traces of DMT and 5-MeO-tryptamine in barkVirola rufula, Alkaloids in bark and root, 95% of which is MeO-DMT 0.190% 5-MeO-DMT in bark, 0.135% 5-MeO-DMT in root, 0.092% DMT in leaves.Virola sebifera, The bark contains 0.065% to 0.25% alkaloids, most of which are DMT and 5-MeO-DMT.Virola surinamensis, DMT in barkVirola venosa, DMT, 5-MEO-DMT in roots, leaves DMTTestulea gabonensis: 0.2% 5-MeO-DMT, small quantities of DMT, DMT in bark and root bark, NMTGenus Pandanus (Screw Pine): DMT in nutsSome Graminae (grass) species contain gramine, which can cause brain damage, other organ damage, central nervous system damage and death in sheep.
Arundo donax, 0.0057% DMT in dried rhizome, no stem, 0.026% bufotenine, 0.0023% 5-MeO-MMT Phalaris aquatica, 0.0007-0.18% Total alkaloids, 0.100% DMT, 0.022% 5-MeO-DMT, 0.005% 5-OH-DMT Phalaris arundinacea, 0.0004-0.121% Total alkaloidsPhalaris brachystachys, Aerial parts up to 3% total alkaloids, DMT present Phragmites australis, DMT in roots. None of the above alkaloids are said to have been found in Phalaris californica, Phalaris canariensis, Phalaris minor and hybrids of P. arundinacea together with P. aquatica.Erigonum sp.: DMTPunica granatum "DMT in root cortex;" The dried stem and root bark of the tree contain about 0.4-0.9% alkaloids.Psychotria carthagenensis, 0.2% average DMT in dried leavesPsychotria expansa, DMTPsychotria forsteriana, DMTPsychotria insularum, DMT Psychotria poeppigiana, DMTPsychotria rostrata, DMTPsychotria rufipilis, DMT Psychotria viridis, DMT 0.1-0.61% dried mass. Dictyoloma incanescens, 5-MeO-DMT in leaves, 0.04% 5-MeO-DMT in barkDutaillyea drupacea, > 0.4% 5-MeO-DMT in leavesDutaillyea oreophila, 5-MeO-DMT in leaves Tetradium ruticarpum(syn. Evodia rutaecarpa), 5-MeO-DMT in leaves, fruit and roots Limonia acidissima, 5-MeO-DMT in stemsEuodia leptococca (formerly Melicope), 0.2% total alkaloids, 0.07% 5-MeO-DMT; 5-MeO-DMT in leaves and stems, also "5-MeO-DMT-Oxide and a beta-carboline"Pilocarpus organensis, 5-MeO-DMT in leavesVepris ampody, Up to 0.2% DMT in leaves and branchesZanthoxylum arborescens, DMT in leavesZanthoxylum procerum, DMT in leavesUrtica pilulifera: BufoteninSpecies, Alkaloid Content (Fresh) - Alkaloid Content (Dried)
Echinopsis lageniformis (syn. Trichocereus bridgesii), Mescaline > 0.025%, also 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine < 1%, 3-methoxytyramine < 1%, tyramine < 1% - Mescaline 2%Echinopsis scopulicola (syn. Trichocereus scopulicola), MescalineEchinopsis pachanoi (syn. Trichocereus pachanoi), Mescaline 0.006-0.12%, 0.05% Average - Mescaline 0.01%-2.375%Echinopsis spachiana (syn. Trichocereus spachianus), Mescaline - MescalineLophophora williamsii (Peyote), 0.4% Mescaline - 3-6% MescalineOpuntia acanthocarpa MescalineOpuntia basilaris Mescaline 0.01%, plus 4-hydroxy-3-5-dimethoxyphenethylamineAustrocylindropuntia cylindrica (syn. Opuntia cylindrica), MescalineCylindropuntia echinocarpa (syn. Opuntia echinocarpa), Mescaline 0.01%, 3-4-dimethoxyphenethylamine 0.01%, 4-hydroxy-3-5-dimethoxyphenethylamine 0.01%Cylindropuntia spinosior (syn. Opuntia spinosior), Mescaline 0.00004%, 3-methoxytyramine 0.001%, tyramine 0.002%, 3-4-dimethoxyphenethylamine.Echinopsis macrogona (syn. Trichocereus macrogonus), > 0.01-0.05% MescalineEchinopsis peruviana (syn. Trichocereus peruvianus), Mescaline 0.0005%-0.12% - MescalineEchinopsis tacaquirensis subsp. taquimbalensis (syn. Trichocereus taquimbalensis), > 0.005-0.025% MescalineEchinopsis terscheckii (syn. Trichocereus terscheckii, Trichocereus werdemannianus) > 0.005-0.025% Mescaline - Mescaline 0.01%-2.375%Echinopsis valida, 0.025% MescalinePelecyphora aselliformis, MescalineBeta-carbolines are "reversible" MAO-A inhibitors. They are found in some plants used to make Ayahuasca. In high doses the harmala alkaloids are somewhat hallucinogenic on their own.
Amsonia tabernaemontana, HarmineAspidosperma exalatum, Beta-carbolinesAspidosperma polyneuron, Beta-carbolinesApocynum cannabinum, Harmalol Ochrosia nakaiana, HarmanPleicarpa mutica, Beta-carbolinesNewbouldia laevis, HarmanCalycanthus occidentalis, Harmine Hammada leptoclada, Tetrahydroharman, etc.Kochia scoparia, Harmine, etc.Guiera senegalensis, Harman, etc.Carex brevicollis, Harmine, etc.Carex parva, Beta-carbolinesElaeagnus angustifolia, Harman, etc. Elaeagnus commutata, Beta-carbolines Elaeagnus hortensis, Tetrahydroharman, etc.Elaeagnus orientalis, TetrahydroharmanElaeagnus spinosa, TetrahydroharmanHippophae rhamnoides, Harman, etc.Shepherdia argentea, Tetrahydroharmol Shepherdia canadensis, Tetrahydroharmol Arundo donax, Tetrahydroharman Festuca arundinacea, Harman, etc. Lolium perenne, (Perennial Ryegrass), Harman, etc. Phalaris aquatica, Beta-carbolinesPhalaris arundinacea, Beta-carbolinesNectandra megapotamica, Beta-carbolinesAcacia baileyana, TetrahydroharmanAcacia complanata, Tetrahydroharman, etc.Burkea africana, Harman, etc.Desmodium gangeticum, Beta-carbolinesDesmodium gyrans, Beta-carbolinesDesmodium pulchellum, Harman, etc.Mucuna pruriens, 6-Methoxy-HarmanPetalostylis labicheoides, Tetrahydroharman; MAO's up to 0.5%Prosopis nigra, Harman, etc.Shepherdia pulchellum, Beta-carbolinesStrychnos melinoniana, Beta-carbolinesStrychnos usambarensis, HarmanBanisteriopsis argentia, 5-methoxytetrahydroharman, (−)-N(6)-methoxytetrahydroharman, dimethyltryptamine-N(6)-oxideBanisteriopsis caapi, Harmine 0.31-0.84%, tetrahydroharmine, telepathine, dihydroshihunine, 5-MeO-DMT in bark Banisteriopsis inebrians, Beta-carbolinesBanisteriopsis lutea, Harmine, telepathineBanisteriopsis metallicolor, Harmine, telepathineBanisteriopsis muricata, Harmine up to 6%, harmaline up to 4%, plus DMTDiplopterys cabrerana, Beta-carbolinesCabi pratensis, Beta-carbolinesCallaeum antifebrile(syn. Cabi paraensis), HarmineTetrapterys methystica(syn. Tetrapteris methystica), HarmineGymnacranthera paniculata, Beta-carbolinesHorsfieldia superba Beta-carbolinesVirola cuspidata, 6-Methoxy-HarmanVirola rufula, Beta-carbolinesVirola theiodora, Beta-carbolinesTestulea gabonensis, Beta-carbolinesPlectocomiopsis geminiflora, Beta-carbolinesMeconopsis horridula, Beta-carbolinesMeconopsis napaulensis, Beta-carbolines Meconopsis paniculata, Beta-carbolinesMeconopsis robusta, Beta-carbolinesMeconopsis rudis, Beta-carbolinesPapaver rhoeas, Beta-carbolines Passiflora actinia, HarmanPassiflora alata, Harman Passiflora alba, HarmanPassiflora bryonoides, HarmanPassiflora caerulea, Harman Passiflora capsularis, HarmanPassiflora decaisneana, HarmanPassiflora edulis, Harman, 0-7001 ppm in fruit Passiflora eichleriana, HarmanPassiflora foetida, Harman Passiflora incarnata (with bee), Harmine, Harmaline, Harman, etc. 0.03%. Alkaloids in rind of fruit 0.25% Passiflora quadrangularis, Harman Passiflora ruberosa, HarmanPassiflora subpeltata, Harman Passiflora warmingii, HarmanCalligonum minimum, Beta-carbolinesLeptactinia densiflora, Leptaflorine, etc.Ophiorrhiza japonica, HarmanPauridiantha callicarpoides, HarmanPauridiantha dewevrei, HarmanPauridiantha lyalli, HarmanPauridiantha viridiflora, HarmanSimira klugei, HarmanSimira rubra, HarmanBorreria verticillata, Beta-carbolinesLeptactinia densiflora, Beta-carbolinesNauclea diderrichii, Beta-carbolinesOphiorrhiza japonica, Beta-carbolinesPauridiantha callicarpoides, Beta-carbolinesPauridiantha dewevrei, Beta-carbolinesPauridiantha yalli, Beta-carbolinesPauridiantha viridiflora, Beta-carbolinesPavetta lanceolata, Beta-carbolinesPsychotria carthagenensis, Beta-carbolinesPsychotria viridis, Beta-carbolinesSimira klugei, Beta-carbolinesSimira rubra, Beta-carbolinesUncaria attenuata, Beta-carbolinesUncaria canescens, Beta-carbolinesUncaria orientalis, Beta-carbolinesTetradium (syn. Evodia) species: Some contain carbolinesEuodia leptococca Beta-carbolineAraliopsis tabouensis, Beta-carbolinesFlindersia laevicarpa, Beta-carbolinesXanthoxylum rhetsa, Beta-carbolinesChrysophyllum lacourtianum, Norharman etc.ScutellariaScutellaria nanaAilanthus malabarica, Beta-carbolines. See also Nag Champa.Perriera madagascariensis, Beta-carbolinesPicrasma ailanthoides, Beta-carbolinesPicrasma crenata, Beta-carbolinesPicrasma excelsa, Beta-carbolinesPicrasma javanica, Beta-carbolinesVestia foetida, (Syn V. lycioides) Beta-carbolines Symplocos racemosa, HarmanGrewia mollis, Beta-carbolinesFagonia cretica, Harman Nitraria schoberi, Beta-carbolinesPeganum harmala, (Syrian Rue), The seeds contain about 2-6% alkaloids, most of which is harmaline. Peganum harmala is also an abortifacient. Peganum nigellastrum, HarmineTribulus terrestris, Harman Zygophyllum fabago, Harman, harmine Acoraceae:
Acorus calamus, asaroneConvolvulaceae:
Apocynaceae family:
Catharanthus roseus is (perhaps unpleasantly) "hallucinogenic."Vinca minorAquifoliaceae family:
Ilex guayusa, which is used as an additive to some versions of Ayahuasca. According to the Ecuadorian indigenous, it is also slightly hallucinogenic on its own, when drunk in high enough quantities.Euphorbiaceae family:
Alchornea floribunda, YohimbineLoganaceae family:
Desfontainia spinosa, causes visionsLythraceae family:
Heimia myrtifolia, auditoryHeimia salicifolia, auditory
