Supriya Ghosh (Editor)

List of active separatist movements in Europe

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List of active separatist movements in Europe

This is a list of currently active separatist movements in Europe. Separatism often refers to full political secession, though separatist movements may seek nothing more than greater autonomy or to be recognized as a national minority.

Contents

What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:

  1. They are active movements with active members;
  2. They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy);
  3. They are citizens/peoples of the conflict area and do not come from another country.

Under each region listed is one or more of the following:

  • De facto state (de facto entity): for unrecognized regions with de facto autonomy;
  • Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state;
  • Proposed autonomous area: for movements towards greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession;
  • De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region;
  • Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control;
  • Political party (or parties): for political parties involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession;
  • Militant organisation(s): for armed organisations;
  • Advocacy group(s): for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities.
  • People: for information on what regional/ethnic/ethno-religious/racial/religious group calls for change for each individual movement listed.

    • Various ethnic groups in Europe are seeking greater autonomy or independence. In the European Union (EU), several of these groups are members of the European Free Alliance (EFA). In some cases, the group seeks union with a neighbouring country.

    Albania

    Northern Epirus

  • People: Greeks in Albania
  • Proposed state: Unification with Greece
  • Political parties: Omonoia, Unity for Human Rights Party (seeks autonomous status or union with Greece)

    • Azerbaijan

     Nagorno-Karabakh Republic

  • People: Demographics of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic
  • Proposed state:  Nagorno-Karabakh Republic
  • Political parties: Armenian Revolutionary Federation, Communist Party of Artsakh, Democratic Party of Artsakh, and Free Motherland.

    • Belgium

     Flanders or Flemish Community (the latter includes  Brussels-Capital Region)

  • People: Flemish
  • Proposed state:  Flanders
  • Political parties: New Flemish Alliance (member of the European Free Alliance), Libertair, Direct, Democratisch, and Vlaams Belang member of the Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty-Group
  • Movements: Vlaamse Volksbeweging (VVB), Overlegcentrum van Vlaamse Verenigingen
  • People: Flemish and Dutch
  • Proposed state: Greater Netherlands
  • Political Parties: Individual politicians from different parties, both Dutch and Flemish.
  • Movements: Grootneerlandisme


    •  Wallonia

  • People: Walloons
  • Proposed state:  Wallonia
  • Political parties: Walloon Rally

    •  Wallonia and  Brussels-Capital Region

  • People: French
  • Proposed state: Unification with the  French Republic
  • Political parties: Wallonia France Rally, Brussels France Rally

    • Bosnia and Herzegovina

     Republika Srpska

  • People: Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Proposed state:  Republika Srpska
  • Political parties: Alliance of Independent Social Democrats, Serbian Democratic Party

    •  Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia

  • People: Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina
  • Proposed state:  Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia
  • Political parties: Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatian Democratic Union 1990, Croatian Christian Democratic Union

    • Cyprus

    Breakaway states:

     Northern Cyprus

  • People: Turkish Cypriots
  • De facto state with no international recognition except from Republic of Turkey:  Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus

    • Czech Republic

    Moravia

  • People: Moravian
  • Political parties: Moravané (EFA member)

    • Czech Silesia

  • People: Silesians
  • Political party: Silesian Autonomy Movement (EFA member)

    • Denmark

    For movements in Greenland, see List of active separatist movements in North America.

     Bornholm

  • People: Danish
  • Proposed autonomous region: Bornholm
  • Political party: Bornholm's Self-Government Party (Bornholms Selvstyre parti)

    •  Faroe Islands

  • People: Faroese
  • Proposed state:  Faroe Islands
  • Political parties: Republican Party, Progress, People's Party, Centre Party, Self-Government Party
  • Movement: Faroese independence movement

    • Finland

     Åland

  • People: Åland Swedes
  • Proposed state:  Åland
  • Political party: Future of Åland (EFA member)

    • France

    Secessionist movements

    French Basque Country

  • People: Basque
  • Proposed state: Unification with the Basque Country and  Navarre— Euskal Herria
  • Political parties: Abertzaleen Batasuna (AB), Batasuna, Eusko Alkartasuna (EFA member), Euzko Alderdi Jeltzalea (Basque Nationalist Party).
  • Trade unions: Euskal Langileen Alkartasuna, Langile Abertzaleen Batzordeak
  • Youth advocacy groups: Egi, Gazte Abertzaleak, Iritzarri, Segi
  • Militant organisations: ETA, Irrintzi

    • Brittany and parts of  Pays de la Loire

  • People: Bretons
  • Proposed state:  Brittany
  • Advocacy groups: Celtic League
  • Political parties: Adsav, Strollad Breizh, Emgann, Breiz Atao
  • Militant organisation: Talbenn Dieubiñ Breizh (Breton Revolutionary Army) (ARB)

    • Northern Catalonia / Roussillon (predominantly Pyrénées-Orientales)

  • People: Catalans
  • Proposed state: Unification with  Catalonia — Catalan Countries
  • Political parties: Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya (EFA member), Unitat Catalana (EFA member), Candidatura d'Unitat Popular

    •  Corsica

  • People: Corsicans
  • Proposed state:  Corsica
  • Political party: Corsica Libera

    • Savoy

  • People: Savoyans
  • Proposed state: Savoy
  • Political party: Liga de la Savouè (Savoyan League)

    • Occitania

  • People: Occitans
  • Proposed state: Occitania
  • Political party: Partit de la Nacion Occitana

    •  Provence

  • People: Provençals (Occitans)
  • Proposed state: Provence
  • Militant group: Front Nacionala Liberacion de Provença
    • Autonomist movements

     Alsace

  • People: Alsatians (Allemanics)
  • Proposed autonomous area:  Alsace
  • Political parties: Elsass Zuerst, Nationalforum Elsass-Lothringen, Unser Land

    • Brittany

  • People: Bretons
  • Proposed autonomous area: Brittany
  • Political party: Unvaniezh Demokratel Breizh (EFA member)

    •  Corsica

  • People: Corsicans
  • Proposed autonomous area:  Corsica
  • Political party: Partitu di a Nazione Corsa (EFA member)

    •  Alpes-Maritimes

  • People: Niçard
  • Proposed autonomous area: County of Nice
  • Political party: Partit Nissart (Parti niçois (fr))

    • Normandy

  • People: Normands
  • Proposed autonomous area: Normandy
  • Political party: Mouvement normand (Normand Movement)

    • Savoy

  • People: Savoyans
  • Proposed autonomous area: Savoy
  • Political party: Movement Règion Savouè

    •  Occitania

  • People: Occitans
  • Proposed autonomous area:  Occitania
  • Political parties: Partit Occitan (EFA member), Iniciativa per Occitània, Anaram au Patac, Hartèra

    • Georgia

    Breakaway states:

    Abkhazia

  • People: Abkhaz
  • De facto state with partial de jure recognition:  Republic of Abkhazia
  • Political organisation:Government of Abkhazia
  • Militant organization: Abkhazia Army

    •  South Ossetia

  • People: Ossetians
  • De facto state: with partial de jure recognition:Republic of South Ossetia, proposed integration to  Russia
  • Political organisation: Government of South Ossetia
  • Militant organization: South Ossetia Army

    • Germany

    Bavaria

  • People: Bavarians
  • Proposed state: Bavaria (Free State of Bavaria)
  • Political party: Bavaria Party

    • East Frisia

  • People: Frisians
  • Proposed autonomous region: East Frisia
  • Political party: Die Friesen

    • Franconia

  • People: Franconians
  • Proposed autonomous area: Franconia

    • Lusatia

  • People: Sorbs
  • Proposed autonomous area: Lusatia
  • Political party: Lusatian Alliance

    • Schleswig-Holstein

  • People: Danish, Frisians
  • Proposed autonomous area: Southern Schleswig
  • Political party: South Schleswig Voter Federation

    • Italy

    Friuli-Venezia Giulia

  • People: Friulians
  • Proposed state: Friuli
  • Political parties: Res Publica Furlane-Parlament Furlan, Patrie Furlane, Friulian Front
  • Free Territory of Trieste
  • Political movements : Movimento Trieste Libera ; Territorio Libero di Trieste

    • Lombardy

  • People: Lombardians
  • Proposed state: Republic of Lombardy
  • Political parties: Independence Front Lombardy, Pro Lombardy Independence

    • Sardinia

  • People: Sardinians
  • Proposed state: Republic of Sardinia
  • Political parties: Sardinia Nation, Sardinian Action Party, Independence Republic of Sardinia, Project Republic of Sardinia, others
  • Militant organisations: Fronte Nazionale de Liberazione de sa Sardigna (defunct), Movimentu Nazionalista Sardu (defunct), Movimento Armato Sardo (defunct)

    • Sicily

  • People: Sicilians
  • Political parties: Sicilian Independentist Movement, Sicilian Socialist Party, Party of the Sicilians
  • Groups: Sicilian National Front, Sicilia Nazione, Siciliani Liberi, Sicilian National Liberation Movement, Siculan Independence Movement (believed defunct)

    • South Tyrol

  • People: South Tyroleans (a subset of Tyroleans)
  • Proposed state: Unification with Tyrol ( Austria)
  • Political parties: Die Freiheitlichen, South Tyrolean Freedom, Citizens' Union for South Tyrol, Lega Nord Alto Adige/Südtirol
  • Militant organisations: South Tyrolean Liberation Committee (defunct)

    • Veneto

  • Proposed state: Republic of Venice
  • Political parties: Liga Veneta, North-East Project, Liga Veneta Repubblica, Veneto State, Venetian Independence, Venetian People's Unity, Party for Independent Veneto, Comitato nazionale per la Liberazione del Veneto

    • Kosovo

    North Kosovo

  • People: Serbs
  • Proposed reunification with  Serbia — Proposed autonomous province
  • Political organisations: Assembly of the Community of Municipalities, Community of Serb municipalities

    • Gora region

  • People: Gorani people
  • Proposed unification with  Serbia — Proposed autonomous province

    • Latvia

    Latgale

  • People: Latgalians
  • Proposed unification with  Russia — Proposed autonomous province
  • Political organisations: Social Democratic Party "Harmony"

    • Lithuania

    Samogitia

  • People: Samogitians
  • Proposed state: Samogitia

    • Macedonia

    Albanian community in Macedonia

  • People: Albanians
  • Proposed state: Republic of Ilirida or union with Albania
  • Armed organizations: ANA/AKSh (status unknown – inactive)

    • Moldova

    Breakaway state:

     Transnistria

  • People: Equal proportions of Russians, Ukrainians and Moldovans
  • De facto state: with partial de jure recognition  Transnistria
  • Political organisation: Government of Transnistria
  • Militant organisation: Army of Transnistria

    • Proposed independent and autonomous movements:

     Gagauzia

  • People: Gagauz
  • Proposed state:  Gagauzia
  • Political organisation: Gagauzian People Assembly should Moldova decided to unite with Romania, Gagauzia would have the right to self-determination.

    • Taraclia

  • People: Bulgarians
  • Proposed autonomous area: Taraclia

    • Montenegro

    Kraja

  • People: Albanian
  • Proposed autonomous area: Kraja or unification with  Albania

    • Netherlands

    Frisia

  • People: Frisian
  • Proposed autonomous area: Frisia
  • Political party: Frisian National Party, (EFA member)
  • Status: Democratic movement seeking greater autonomy for Frisian-speaking people in Friesland

    • Groningen

  • People: Frisian
  • Proposed autonomous area: Frisia
  • Political party: Groninger Interest

    • Limburg

  • People: Limburgish
  • Proposed state: unification with Limburg ( Belgium)

    • Poland

    Upper Silesia

  • People: Silesians
  • Proposed autonomous area: Silesia
  • Political party: Silesian Autonomy Movement

    • Kashubia

  • People: Kashubians
  • Proposed autonomous area: Kashubia
  • Political party: Kaszëbskô Jednota

    • Romania

    Hungarian community in Romania

  • People: Hungarians
  • Proposals for Hungarian territorial autonomy:
  • Székely Land: Székely autonomy initiatives
  • Partium
  • Other administrative proposals by regionalist organisations:
  • Transylvania
  • Banat
  • Political organisations: Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania, the demand for Hungarian autonomy has been part of their program since 1993. Hungarian Civic Party, they signed a settlement with the Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania about cooperation and joint support for Hungarian autonomy. Hungarian People's Party of Transylvania (PPMT), the party proposes the establishments of Transylvanian parliament and government and supports the case of Szekler autonomy in Szekely Land. It also advocates territorial autonomy for Partium. Liga Transilvania-Banat, a regionalist party led by Sabin Gherman.
  • Advocacy organisations: Szekler National Council, Hungarian National Council of Transylvania, Liga Pro Europa, a Romanian-Hungarian regionalist NGO., Provincia, a group of intellectuals promoting regionalization of Romania, Autonomy for Transylvania (AFT) campaign, it demands autonomy for Transylvania. Democratic League of Transylvania (Liga Transilvania Democrată), a regionalist NGO, an active supporter of the "Autonomy for Transylvania" campaign, League of Banat (Liga Banateana), a regionalist NGO.

    • Russia

    North Caucasus

  • Religious group: Sunnis
  • Militant organization: Caucasus Emirate
  • Proposed state: Caucasus Emirate

    • Serbia

    Autonomous Province of Vojvodina

  • People: Serbs, Hungarians in Serbia
  • Unification with:Hungary
  • Political parties (autonomist): League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina, Reformists of Vojvodina, Vojvodina's Party
  • Proposals for Hungarian territorial autonomy in the northern part of Vojvodina:
  • People: Hungarians
  • Proposed autonomous area: Hungarian Regional Autonomy
  • Political parties: Hungarian Coalition composed of three political parties (Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians, Democratic Party of Vojvodina Hungarians, Democratic Fellowship of Vojvodina Hungarians)

    • Preševo Valley

  • People: Albanians in Serbia
  • Proposed autonomous province: Preševo Valley
  • Movement: Albanian nationalism
  • Political organisation: Party for Democratic Action
  • Unification with  Albania
  • Armed organizations: National Liberation Army (Albanians of Serbia)|KLA/UÇPMB (disarmed and dismantled in 2001), KLA/AK

    • Sandžak

  • People: Bosniaks of Serbia
  • Proposed autonomous province: Sandžak or unification with Bosnia-Herzegovina.
  • Advocacy groups (autonomist): Islamic Community in Serbia

    • Breakaway state:

    Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija (Kosovo)

  • People: Albanians in Kosovo
  • De facto state: Republic of Kosovo (majority international recognition)
  • Political organisation: Government of Kosovo
  • Proposed state: Unification with  Albania
  • Movement: Albanian nationalism

    • Slovakia

    Southern Slovakia:

  • People: Hungarians
  • Proposed autonomous area: Territorial autonomy for the compact Hungarian ethnic block and cultural autonomy for the regions of sporadic Hungarian presence.
  • Political parties (autonomist): Party of the Hungarian Community, In 2010, the party renewed their demand for autonomy.

    • Spain

     Andalusia

  • People: Andalusian
  • Proposed state: Andalusia
  • Political parties (nationalist): Partido Andalucista (dissolved), Bloque Andaluz de Izquierdas, Partido Comunista del Pueblo Andaluz
  • Political parties (secessionist): Nación Andaluza, Asamblea Nacional de Andalucía, Candidatura Unitaria de Trabajadores
  • Youth movements: Jaleo!!!, Juventud Independentista Revolucionaria Andaluza, Juventudes Andalucistas (dissolved)
  • Trade union: Sindicato Andaluz de Trabajadores

    •  Aragon

  • People: Aragonese
  • Proposed state
  • Socialist): Aragon
  • Federalist: Aragon
  • Political party (nationalist): Chunta Aragonesista (EFA member), Tierra Aragonsesa
  • Political party (secessionist): Estau Aragonés, Puyalón de Cuchas,
  • Youth movements: Purna Astral, Chobenalla Aragonesista
  • Trade union: Sindicato Obrero Aragonés (SOA)
  • Other pro-independence organisations: A Enrestida, Sindicato d'Estudiants Independentistas y Revolucionarias d'Aragón (SEIRA), Bloque Independentista de Cuchas

    •  Asturias

  • People: Asturians
  • Proposed state: Asturias
  • Political parties (autonomist): Partíu Asturianista, Unión Renovadora Asturiana
  • Political parties (nationalist): Unidá Nacionalista Asturiana (EFA member), Unidá, Bloque por Asturies, Compromisu por Asturies
  • Political parties (secessionist): Andecha Astur
  • Youth movements: Darréu, UNA-Mocedá, Fai!
  • Trade unions: Corriente Sindical d'Izquierda, SUATEA
  • Other pro-independence organisations: Sofitu

    •  Balearic Islands

  • People: Balearics — Catalanics (those with Catalan ancestry)
  • Proposed state: Balearic Islands — Catalan Countries (Confederation of Catalan States)
  • Political parties: Partit Socialista de Mallorca-Entesa Nacionalista (in Majorca)
  • Youth advocacy groups: Arran, Joventuts d'Esquerra Republicana de les Illes Balears

    • Basque Country (autonomous community) and  Navarre

  • People: Basques
  • Proposed state: Basque Country (greater region) – Euskal Herria
  • Political parties: Euzko Alderdi Jeltzalea (Basque Nationalist Party) (member of the European Democratic Party), Eusko Alkartasuna (EFA member), Bildu, Amaiur, Aralar, Eusko Abertzale Ekintza (Basque Nationalist Action), Batasuna (illegalised due to terrorism support)
  • Trade union: Euskal Langileen Alkartasuna, Langile Abertzaleen Batzordeak
  • Youth advocacy groups: EGI, Gazte Abertzaleak, Haika (illegalised) Segi, Ikasle Abertzaleak
  • Militant organisations: ETA (Euskadi Ta Askatasuna) (ceasefire since 2011), Iraultza (disbanded), Komando Autonomo Antikapitalistak (merged with ETA)

    •  Canary Islands

  • People: Canarians
  • Proposed state: Canary Islands
  • Political parties (autonomist): Coalición Canaria, Partido Nacionalista Canario, Centro Canario Nacionalista, Nueva Canarias
  • Political parties (secessionist): FREPIC-AWAÑAK, Alternativa Nacionalista Canaria, Alternativa Popular Canaria, Unidad del Pueblo,
  • Youth movement: Azarug

    •  Cantabria

  • People: Cantabrians
  • Proposed state: Cantabria
  • Political party: Cantabrian Nationalist Council
  • Youth movement: Regüelta (Revolt)
  • Trade union: Intersindical Cántabra

    •  Catalonia

  • People: Catalans
  • Proposed state: Catalonia (Republic) — Catalan Countries (Confederation of Catalan States) (i.e. including other Catalan-speaking areas)
  • Political parties (secessionist):
  • Together for Yes: coalition to stand in the Catalonian parliamentary election, 2015 supported by Democratic Convergence of Catalonia (33/135 seats in the Catalan parliament), Republican Left of Catalonia (21/135), Democrats of Catalonia (6/135), Moviment d'Esquerres (1/135) and other small parties and civil organisations
  • Popular Unity Candidacy - Constituent Call, coalition to stand in the Catalonian parliamentary election, 2015 supported by Popular Unity Candidacy (10/135) and other small parties and civil organisations
  • Political parties (autonomist): Catalonia Yes We Can (11/135), Democratic Union of Catalonia (0/135 seats in the Catalan parliament)
  • Civil organisations: Assemblea Nacional Catalana, Òmnium Cultural, Association of Municipalities for Independence, Procés Constituent, Catalunya Acció, Sobirania i Progrés
  • Youth advocacy groups: Arran, Joventuts d'Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya, Joves d'Esquerra Verda, Joventut Nacionalista de Catalunya, Unió de Joves

    • Castile

  • People Castilians
  • Proposed states: Castile
  • Political parties (autonomist): Partido Castellano PCas
  • Political parties (secessionist): Izquierda Castellana
  • Youth movements: Yesca

    • Galicia

  • People: Galicians
  • Proposed state: Galicia. Some groups also propose a unification with  Portugal — Portugalicia (See reintegrationism)
  • Political party: Bloque Nacionalista Galego (Galician Nationalist Block) (autonomist) (EFA member), Nós-Unidade Popular (WE-Popular Unity) (independentist), Frente Popular Galego (Galician Popular Front) (independentist), Partido Galeguista (The Galician Party), Terra Galega Galician Coalition (Centrist nationalist Party), Alternativa Galega de Esquedas (Galician Left Alternative)
  • Youth advocacy groups: Galiza Nova, AGIR, CAF
  • Militant organisation: Resistência Galega

    • León

  • People: Leonese
  • Proposed states: Leonese Country
  • Political parties: Unión del Pueblo Leonés UPL, Partido Regionalista del País Leonés PREPAL
  • Youth movements: Conceyu Xoven, RUCHAR Mocedá Llionesa
  • Advocacy groups: AGORA País Llionés
  • Militant organisations: Tierra Lleunesa

    •  Navarre

  • People: Navarran or Navarrese (a subgroup of Basque people)
  • Proposed states: Unification with the  Basque Country – Euskal Herria
  • Political parties: Geroa Bai, Bildu, Basque Nationalist Action, Batasuna, Euskal Herritarrok
  • Militant organisations: ETA (Euskadi Ta Askatasuna) (ceasefire since 2011), Iraultza (disbanded), Komando Autonomo Antikapitalistak (merged with ETA)

    • Territory of Olivenza (Olivença)

  • People: Portuguese
  • Proposed state: Unification with  Portugal
  • Militant organisations: Amigos de Olivença (Portuguese irredentist movement)

    • Valencia

  • People: Valencians — Catalanics (those with Catalan ancestry)
  • Proposed state: Valencian Country or Kingdom of Valencia — with the option for a free association with the rest of Catalan Countries
  • Political parties: Valencian Nationalist Bloc, Initiative of the Valencian People, Popular Unity Candidates, Republican Left of the Valencian Country, Valencian State, Valencian Nationalist Left, Valencian Left
  • Advocacy groups: Pro-Catalan Valencianists (who defend pan-Catalanism and Fuster's theories) propose the creation of a Valencian State and some type of reconnection with the rest of Catalan-speaking areas. Only a minor tendency within anti-Catalan Valencianism (Blaverism) proposed independence of the Kingdom of Valencia from both Catalonia and Spain.
  • Youth advocacy groups: Arran, Youths of Compromís (mostly soveranist and non-secessionist), Youths of Republican Left of the Valencian Country
  • Trade union: Intersindical Valenciana
  • Other organisations: Valencian Sovereignty (Sobirania Valenciana)

    • Additionally, there are a number of almost extinct secessionist or soveranist movements in other autonomous communities and historical territories, e.g. Extremadura and Murcia.

     Extremadura

  • People: Extremadurans
  • Proposed state: Extremadura
  • Political parties:

    •  Murcia

  • People: Murcians
  • Proposed state: Murcia
  • Political parties (nationalist): Partido Federal Murciano, Partido del País Murciano, Unión de los Pueblos de Murcia
  • Political parties (autonomist): Partido Regionalista Murciano, Partido Murcianista, Nueva Región, Unión Democrática de la Región de Murcia-Coalición Ciudadana Regional

    • Local secessionist (mostly autonomist) movements include Aranesism, Bercianism, Cartagenism, Majorcanism, Manchego autonomism, Navarrism, Valencian Blaverism and Eastern Andalusian autonomism.

    Aran Valley

  • People: Aranese (a subset of Gascon Occitans)
  • Proposed autonomous area: Aran Valley — within  Catalonia or unification with  Occitania
  • Political parties: Convergència Democràtica Aranesa, Unitat d'Aran, Partit Renovador d'Arties-Garòs, Esquèrra Republicana Occitana, Partit de la Nacion Occitana, Partit Occitan

    • Sweden

    Scania

  • People: Scanians or Swedes
  • Proposed autonomous area: Scania
  • People: Scanians or Danes
  • Proposed state: Unification with  Denmark

    • Switzerland

    Jura

  • Regional group: Jurassien (French speaking)
  • Proposed state: "Free State of Jura"
  • Political party: Mouvement Indépendantiste Jurassien (Jurassian Independentist Movement)
  • Proposed autonomous area: Reunified Jura (northern and southern districts), remaining inside the Swiss Confederation
  • Militant organisations: Mouvement Autonomiste Jurassien (Jurassian Autonomist Movement), Groupe Bélier (Youth activists movement)

    • Ticino

  • Regional group: Ticinesi (Italian speaking)
  • Proposed state: annexation to the Lombardy
  • Political party: Lega Sud Ticino
  • Pressure groups: Domà Nunch

    • Turkey

    Northern Kurdistan

  • Ethnic group: Kurdish
  • Proposed state: Kurdistan
  • Political parties: Peace and Democracy Party (BDP), Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP)
  • Militant organisations: Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK), Group of Communities in Kurdistan (KCK), Kurdistan Freedom Hawks (TAK), Democrat Party of Kurdistan/North (PDK/Bakur), Revolutionary Party of Kurdistan (PŞK), Communist Party of Kurdistan (KKP)

    • Ukraine

    See also: Russian military intervention in Ukraine (2014–present)

    Breakaway states

     Luhansk Oblast (partially)

  • People: Russian Ukrainians
  • De facto state:  Lugansk People's Republic
  • Political parties: Russian Block, Russian Unity, New Russia Party
  • Militant organization: Russian Armed Forces, United Armed Forces of Novorossiya

    •  Donetsk Oblast (partially)

  • People: Russian Ukrainians
  • De facto state:  Donetsk People's Republic
  • Political parties: Donetsk Republic, Russian Block, Russian Unity, New Russia Party
  • Militant organization: Russian Armed Forces, United Armed Forces of Novorossiya
    • Disputed status

     Republic of Crimea

  • People: Russian Ukrainians
  • De facto state: Russian Federation
  • Militant organization: Russian Armed Forces

    • City of Sevastopol

  • People: Russian Ukrainians
  • De facto state: Russian Federation
  • Militant organization: Russian Armed Forces
    • Proposed autonomous regions

    Subcarpathian Ruthenia

  • People: Hungarian Ukrainians, Rusyn Ukrainians
  • Proposed autonomous area: Transcarpathian Regional Confederation of the Hungarian and Rusyn People
  • Political parties: People's Parliament Carpathian Rusyns, which demands autonomy of Ruthenia

    • United Kingdom

    Secessionist movements

     England

  • People: English
  • Proposed state:  England
  • Political parties: English Democrats

    •  Scotland

  • People: Scots
  • Proposed state:  Scotland
  • Political parties: Scottish National Party (EFA member), Scottish Green Party, RISE, Scottish Socialist Party
  • Advocacy groups: Celtic League

    •  Shetland

  • People: Shetlanders and Norwegians
  • Proposed state: Unification with  Norway

    •  Wales

  • People: Welsh
  • Proposed state:  Wales
  • Political parties: Plaid Cymru, Cymru Annibynnol, Cymru Sovereign
  • Advocacy groups: Cymuned, Celtic League

    • Northern Ireland

  • People: Ulster Scots
  • Proposed state: Ulster
  • Militant organisations: Some elements within the Ulster Defence Association
  • People: Irish
  • Proposed state: Unification with  Ireland
  • Movement: United Ireland
  • Political parties: Sinn Féin, Social Democratic and Labour Party, Republican Sinn Féin, Irish Republican Socialist Party, Fianna Fáil, éirígí, Workers' Party of Ireland, Irish Republican Socialist Party
  • Militant organisations: Real Irish Republican Army, Continuity Irish Republican Army, Óglaigh na hÉireann
  • Advocacy group: Celtic League, 32 County Sovereignty Movement

    • London

  • People: Londoners
  • Proposed state: London
  • Movement: London Independence
    • Autonomist movements

     England

  • People: English
  • Proposed autonomous area:  England
  • Political parties: English Democrats, UKIP
  • Advocacy groups: Campaign for an English Parliament

    •  Scotland

  • People: Scots
  • Proposed autonomous area:  Scotland
  • Political parties: Scottish National Party (EFA member)

    •  Wales

  • People: Welsh
  • Proposed autonomous area:  Wales
  • Political parties: Plaid Cymru

    • London

  • People: Londoners
  • Proposed autonomous area: London
  • Political parties: Labour Party

    •  Cornwall (possibly including the Isles of Scilly)

  • People: Cornish
  • Proposed autonomous area:  Cornwall
  • Political parties: Green Party of England and Wales, Mebyon Kernow (EFA member), Cornish Nationalist Party, Liberal Democrats
  • Advocacy groups: Celtic League, Cornish Constitutional Convention, Cornwall 2000, Revived Cornish Stannary Parliament, Tyr Gwyr Gweryn, Wessex Constitutional Convention

    • Wessex

  • People: People of Wessex
  • Proposed autonomous area: Wessex
  • Political parties: Wessex Regionalist Party
  • Advocacy group: Wessex Constitutional Convention

    •  Yorkshire

  • People: People of Yorkshire
  • Proposed autonomous area:  Yorkshire
  • Political parties: Liberal Democrats, Yorkshire First
  • Advocacy group: Yorkshire Devolution Movement

    • North East England or North East Combined Authority area (which excludes Tees Valley)

  • People: People of North East England
  • Proposed autonomous area: North East England or Northumbria
  • Political parties: North East Party

    • Northern Isles

  • People: Shetlanders and Orcadians
  • Proposed autonomous area: Northern Isles
  • Political parties: Liberal Democrats
  • Advocates: Liam McArthur MSP, Tavish Scott MSP, and some local independent councillors

    •  Orkney

  • People: Orcadians
  • Proposed autonomous area:  Orkney
  • Political parties: Liberal Democrats
  • Advocates: Liam McArthur MSP

    •  Shetland

  • People: Shetlanders
  • Proposed autonomous area:  Shetland
  • Political parties: Liberal Democrats
  • Advocates: Tavish Scott MSP,

    • Na h-Eileanan Siar

  • People: People of the Outer Hebrides
  • Proposed autonomous area: Outer Hebrides
    • Independence movements of dependant territories

     Isle of Man

  • People: Manx
  • Proposed State:  Isle of Man
  • Political party: Mec Vannin
  • Advocacy group: Celtic League

    • References

    List of active separatist movements in Europe Wikipedia
    (Text) CC BY-SA