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Timeline of Western philosophers

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This is a list of philosophers from the Western tradition of philosophy.

Contents

600-500 BCE

  • Thales of Miletus (c. 624 – 546 BCE). Of the Milesian school. Believed that all was made of water.
  • Pherecydes of Syros (c. 620 - c. 550 BCE). Cosmologist.
  • Anaximander of Miletus (c. 610 – 546 BCE). Of the Milesian school. Famous for the concept of Apeiron, or "the boundless".
  • Anaximenes of Miletus (c. 585 – 525 BCE). Of the Milesian school. Believed that all was made of air.
  • Pythagoras of Samos (c. 580 – c. 500 BCE). Of the Ionian School. Believed the deepest reality to be composed of numbers, and that souls are immortal.
  • Xenophanes of Colophon (c. 570 – 480 BCE). Sometimes associated with the Eleatic school.
  • Epicharmus of Kos (c. 530 – 450 BCE). Comic playwright and moralist.

    • 500-400 BCE

  • Heraclitus of Ephesus (c. 535 – c. 475 BCE). Of the Ionians. Emphasized the order and mutability of the universe.
  • Parmenides of Elea (c. 515 – 450 BCE). Of the Eleatics. Reflected on the concept of Being.
  • Anaxagoras of Clazomenae (c. 500 – 428 BCE). Of the Ionians. Pluralist.
  • Empedocles (492 - 432 BCE). Eclectic cosmogonist. Pluralist.
  • Zeno of Elea (c. 490 – 430 BCE). Of the Eleatics. Known for his paradoxes.
  • Protagoras of Abdera (c. 481 – 420 BCE). Sophist. Early advocate of relativism.
  • Antiphon (480 - 411 BCE). Sophist.
  • Hippias (Middle of the 5th century BCE). Sophist.
  • Gorgias. (c. 483 – 375 BCE). Sophist. Early advocate of solipsism.
  • Socrates of Athens (c. 470 – 399 BCE). Emphasized virtue ethics. In epistemology, understood dialectic to be central to the pursuit of truth.
  • Critias of Athens (c. 460 - 413). Atheist writer and politician.
  • Prodicus of Ceos (c. 465 BC – c. 395 BCE). Sophist.
  • Leucippus of Miletus (First half of the 5th century BCE). Founding Atomist, Determinist.
  • Thrasymachus of Miletus (c. 459 - c. 400 BCE). Sophist.
  • Democritus of Abdera (c. 450 – 370 BCE). Founding Atomist.
  • Diagoras of Melos (c. 450 – 415 BCE). Atheist.
  • Archelaus. A pupil of Anaxagoras.
  • Melissus of Samos. Eleatic.
  • Cratylus. Follower of Heraclitus.
  • Ion of Chios. Pythagorean cosmologist.
  • Echecrates. Pythagorean.
  • Timaeus of Locri. Pythagorean.

    • 400-300 BCE

  • Antisthenes (c. 444 – 365 BCE). Founder of Cynicism. Pupil of Socrates.
  • Aristippus of Cyrene (c. 440 – 366 BCE). A Cyrenaic. Advocate of ethical hedonism.
  • Alcidamas c. 435 – c. 350 BCE). Sophist.
  • Lycophron (Sophist) c. 430 – c. 350 BCE). Sophist.
  • Diogenes of Apollonia (c. 425 BCE – c 350 BCE). Cosmologist.
  • Hippo (c. 425 – c 350 BCE). Atheist cosmologist.
  • Xenophon (c. 427 – 355 BCE). Historian.
  • Plato (c. 427 – 347 BCE). Famed for view of the transcendental forms. Advocated polity governed by philosophers.
  • Speusippus (c. 408 – 339 BCE). Nephew of Plato.
  • Eudoxus of Cnidus (c. 408 – 355 BCE). Pupil of Plato.
  • Diogenes of Sinope (c. 399 – 323 BCE). Cynic.
  • Xenocrates (c. 396 – 314 BCE). Disciple of Plato.
  • Aristotle (c. 384 – 322 BCE). A polymath whose works ranged across all philosophical fields.

    • 300-200 BCE

  • Theophrastus (c. 371 BCE–c. 287 BCE). Peripatetic.
  • Pyrrho of Elis (c. 360 – 270 BCE). Skeptic.
  • Strato of Lampsacus (c. 340 BCE–c. 268 BCE). Atheist, Materialist.
  • Epicurus (c. 341 – 270 BCE). Materialist Atomist, hedonist. Founder of Epicureanism
  • Zeno of Citium (c. 333 – 264 BCE). Founder of Stoicism.
  • Timon (c. 320 – 230 BCE). Pyrrhonist, skeptic.
  • Chrysippus of Soli (c. 280 – 207 BCE). Major figure in Stoicism.

    • 200-100 BCE

  • Carneades (c. 214 – 129 BCE). Academic skeptic. Understood probability as the purveyor of truth.

    • 100 BCE - 1 CE

  • Lucretius (c. 99 – 55 BCE). Epicurean.

    • 1-100 CE

  • Cicero (c. 106 BCE – 43 BCE) Political theorist.
  • Philo (c. 20 BCE – 40 CE). Believed in the allegorical method of reading texts.
  • Seneca the Younger (c. 4 BCE – 65 CE). Stoic.

    • 100-200 CE

  • Epictetus (c. 55 – 135). Stoic. Emphasized ethics of self-determination.
  • Marcus Aurelius (121–180). Stoic.

    • 200-400 CE

  • Sextus Empiricus (fl. during the 2nd and possibly the 3rd centuries CE). Skeptic, Pyrrhonist.
  • Plotinus (c. 205 – 270). Neoplatonist. Had a holistic metaphysics.
  • Porphyry (c. 232 – 304). Student of Plotinus.
  • Iamblichus of Syria (c. 245 – 325). Late neoplatonist. Espoused theurgy.
  • Augustine of Hippo (c. 354 – 430). Original Sin. Church father.
  • Proclus (c. 412 – 485). Neoplatonist.

    • 500-800 CE

  • Boethius (c. 480–524).
  • John Philoponus (c. 490–570).

    • 800-900 CE

  • Al-Kindi (c. 801 – 873). Major figure at Islamic philosophy. Influenced by Neoplatonism.
  • John the Scot (c. 815 – 877). neoplatonist, pantheist.

    • 900-1000 CE

  • al-Faràbi (c. 870 – 950). Major Islamic philosopher. Neoplatonist.
  • Saadia Gaon (c. 882 – 942).
  • al-Razi (c. 865 – 925). Rationalist. Major Islamic philosopher. Held that God creates universe by rearranging pre-existing laws.

    • 1000-1100 CE

  • Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (c. 980 – 1037). Major Islamic philosopher.
  • Ibn Gabirol (Avicebron) (c. 1021–1058). Jewish philosopher.
  • Anselm (c. 1034–1109). Christian philosopher. Produced ontological argument for the existence of God.
  • al-Ghazali (c. 1058–1111). Islamic philosopher. Mystic.

    • 1100-1200 CE

  • Peter Abelard (c. 1079–1142). Scholastic philosopher. Dealt with problem of universals.
  • Abraham ibn Daud (c. 1110–1180). Jewish philosophy.
  • Peter Lombard (c. 1100–1160). Scholastic.
  • Averroes (Ibn Rushd, "The Commentator") (c. 1126-December 10, 1198). Islamic philosopher.
  • Maimonides (c. 1135–1204). Jewish philosophy.
  • St Francis of Assisi (c. 1182–1226). Ascetic.

    • 1200-1300 CE

  • Robert Grosseteste (c. 1175–1253).
  • Albert the Great (c. 1193–1280). Early Empiricist.
  • Roger Bacon (c. 1214–1294). Empiricist, mathematician.
  • Thomas Aquinas (c. 1221–1274). Christian philosopher.
  • Bonaventure (c. 1225–1274). Franciscan.
  • Siger (c. 1240 – c. 1280). Averroist.
  • Boetius of Dacia. Averroist, Aristotelian.

    • 1300-1400 CE

  • Ramon Llull (c. 1232–1315) Catalan philosopher
  • Meister Eckhart (c. 1260–1328). mystic.
  • Duns Scotus (c. 1266–1308). Franciscan, Scholastic, Original Sin.
  • Marsilius of Padua (c. 1270–1342). Understood chief function of state as mediator.
  • William of Ockham (c. 1288–1348). Franciscan. Scholastic. Nominalist, creator of Ockham's razor.
  • Gersonides (c. 1288–1344). Jewish philosopher.
  • Jean Buridan (c. 1300–1358). Nominalist.
  • John Wycliffe (c. 1320–1384).
  • Nicole Oresme (c. 1320-5 – 1382). Made contributions to economics, science, mathematics, theology and philosophy.
  • Hasdai Crescas (c. 1340 – c. 1411). Jewish philosopher.
  • Gemistus Pletho (c. 1355 – 1452/1454). Late Byzantine scholar of neoplatonic philosophy.

    • 1400-1500 CE

  • Nicholas of Cusa (1401–1464). Christian philosopher.
  • Lorenzo Valla (1407–1457). Humanist, critic of scholastic logic.
  • Marsilio Ficino (1433-1499). Christian Neoplatonist, head of Florentine Academy and major Renaissance Humanist figure. First translator of Plato's complete extant works into Latin.
  • Pico della Mirandola (1463–1494). Renaissance humanist.

    • 1500-1550 CE

  • Desiderius Erasmus (1466–1536). Humanist, advocate of free will.
  • Niccolò Machiavelli (1469–1527). Political realism.
  • Sir Thomas More (1478–1535). Humanist, created term "utopia".
  • Martin Luther (1483–1546). Major Western Christian theologian.
  • Petrus Ramus (1515–1572).

    • 1550-1600 CE

  • John Calvin (1509–1564). Major Western Christian theologian.
  • Michel de Montaigne (1533–1592). Humanist, skeptic.
  • Pierre Charron (1541–1603).
  • Giordano Bruno (1548–1600). Advocate of heliocentrism.
  • Francisco Suarez (1548–1617). Politically proto-liberal.

    • 1600-1650 CE

  • Herbert of Cherbury. Nativist.
  • Francis Bacon (1561–1626). Empiricist.
  • Galileo Galilei (1564–1642). Heliocentrist.
  • Hugo Grotius (1583–1645). Natural law theorist.
  • François de La Mothe Le Vayer (1588-1672)
  • Marin Mersenne (1588–1648). Cartesian.
  • Robert Filmer (1588–1653).
  • Pierre Gassendi (1592–1655). Mechanicism. Empiricist.
  • René Descartes (1596–1650). Heliocentrism, dualism, rationalism.
  • Baltasar Gracián (1601–1658). Spanish catholic philosopher

    • 1650-1700 CE

  • Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679). Political realist.
  • Antoine Arnauld (1612–1694).
  • Henry More (1614–1687).
  • Jacques Rohault. (1617–1672) Cartesian.
  • Ralph Cudworth (1617–1688). Cambridge Platonist.
  • Blaise Pascal (1623–1662). Physicist, scientist. Noted for Pascal's wager.
  • Margaret Cavendish (1623–1673). Materialist, feminist.
  • Arnold Geulincx (1624–1669). Important occasionalist theorist.
  • Pierre Nicole (1625–1695).
  • Geraud Cordemoy (1626-1684). Dualist.
  • Robert Boyle (1627–1691).
  • Anne Conway, Viscountess Conway (1631–1679).
  • Richard Cumberland (1631–1718). Early proponent of utilitarianism.
  • Baruch Spinoza (1632–1677).
  • Samuel von Pufendorf (1632–1694). Social contract theorist.
  • John Locke (1632–1704). Major Empiricist. Political philosopher.
  • Joseph Glanvill (1636–1680).
  • Nicolas Malebranche (1638–1715). Cartesian.
  • Isaac Newton (1643–1727).
  • Simon Foucher (1644–1696). Skeptic.
  • Pierre Bayle (1647–1706). Pyrrhonist.
  • Damaris Masham (1659–1708).
  • John Toland (1670–1722).

    • 1700-1750 CE

  • Gottfried Leibniz (1646–1716). Co-inventor of calculus.
  • John Norris (1657–1711). Malebranchian.
  • Jean Meslier (1664-1729)
  • Giambattista Vico (1668–1744).
  • Bernard Mandeville (1670–1733).
  • Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury (1671–1713).
  • Samuel Clarke (1675–1729).
  • Catherine Cockburn (1679–1749).
  • Christian Wolff (1679–1754). Determinist, rationalist.
  • George Berkeley (1685–1753). Idealist, empiricist.
  • Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu (1689–1755). Skeptic, humanist.
  • Joseph Butler (1692–1752).
  • Francis Hutcheson (1694–1746). Proto-utilitarian.
  • John Gay (1699–1745).
  • David Hartley (1705–1757).
  • Julien La Mettrie (1709–1751). Materialist, genetic determinist.

    • 1750-1800 CE

  • Voltaire (1694–1778). Advocate for freedoms of religion and expression.
  • Thomas Reid (1710–1796). Member of Scottish Enlightenment, founder of Scottish Common Sense philosophy.
  • David Hume (1711–1776). Empiricist, skeptic.
  • Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778). Social contract political philosopher.
  • Denis Diderot (1713–1784).
  • Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten (1714-1762).
  • Claude Adrien Helvétius (1715–1771). Utilitarian.
  • Etienne de Condillac (1715-1780).
  • Jean d'Alembert (1717–1783).
  • Baron d'Holbach (1723–1789). Materialist, atheist.
  • Adam Smith (1723–1790). Economic theorist, member of Scottish Enlightenment.
  • Richard Price (1723–1791). Political liberal.
  • Immanuel Kant (1724–1804). Deontologist, proponent of synthetic a priori truths.
  • Moses Mendelssohn (1729–1786). Member of the Jewish Enlightenment.
  • Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (1729–1781).
  • Edmund Burke (1729–1797). Conservative political philosopher.
  • William Paley (1743–1805).
  • Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826). Liberal political philosopher.
  • Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832). Utilitarian, hedonist.
  • Sylvain Maréchal (1750–1803) Anarcho-communist, Deist
  • Dugald Stewart (1753–1828).
  • William Godwin (1756–1836). Anarchist, utilitarian.
  • Mary Wollstonecraft (1759–1797). Feminist.
  • Friedrich Schiller (1759–1805).
  • Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1762–1814).

    • 1800-1850 CE

  • Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744–1829). Early evolutionary theorist.
  • P.S. de Laplace (1749–1827). Determinist.
  • Joseph de Maistre (1753–1821) Conservative
  • Comte de Saint-Simon (1760–1825). Socialist.
  • Madame de Staël (1766–1817).
  • Friedrich Schleiermacher (1768–1834). Hermeneutician.
  • G.W.F. Hegel (1770–1831). German idealist.
  • James Mill (1773–1836). Utilitarian.
  • F.W.J. von Schelling (1775–1854). German idealist.
  • Bernard Bolzano (1781–1848).
  • Richard Whately (1787–1863).
  • Arthur Schopenhauer (1788–1860). Pessimist.
  • John Austin (1790–1859). Legal positivist, utilitarian.
  • William Whewell (1794–1866).
  • Auguste Comte (1798–1857). Social philosopher, positivist.
  • Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882). Transcendentalist, abolitionist, egalitarian, humanist.
  • Ludwig Feuerbach (1804–1872).
  • Alexis de Tocqueville (1805-1859).
  • Max Stirner (1806-1856). Anarchist.
  • Augustus De Morgan (1806–1871). Logician.
  • John Stuart Mill (1806–1873). Utilitarian.
  • P.J. Proudhon (1809–1865). Anarchist.
  • Charles Darwin (1809–1882).
  • Margaret Fuller (1810–1850). Egalitarian.
  • Søren Kierkegaard (1813–1855). Existentialist.
  • Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862). Transcendentalist, pacifist, abolitionist.

    • 1850-1900 CE

  • Sir William Hamilton, 9th Baronet (1788–1856).
  • Sojourner Truth (c. 1797–1883). Egalitarian, abolitionist.
  • Harriet Taylor Mill (1807–1858). Egalitarian, utilitarian.
  • Mikhail Bakunin (1814–1876). Revolutionary anarchist.
  • Elizabeth Cady Stanton (1815–1902). Egalitarian.
  • Hermann Lotze (1817–1881).
  • Karl Marx (1818–1883). Socialist, formulated historical materialism.
  • Friedrich Engels (1820–1895). Egalitarian, dialectical materialist.
  • Herbert Spencer (1820–1903). Nativism, libertarianism, social Darwinism.
  • Susan B. Anthony (1820–1906). Feminist.
  • Wilhelm Dilthey (1833–1911).
  • Edward Caird (1835–1908). Idealist.
  • T.H. Green (1836–1882). British idealist.
  • Henry Sidgwick (1838–1900). Rationalism, utilitarianism.
  • Ernst Mach (1838–1916). Philosopher of science, influence on logical positivism.
  • Franz Brentano (1838–1917). Phenomenologist.
  • Charles Sanders Peirce (1839–1914). Pragmatist.
  • William James (1842–1910). Pragmatism, Radical empiricism.
  • Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900). Naturalistic philosopher, influence on Existentialism.
  • W. K. Clifford (1845–1879). Evidentialist.
  • F.H. Bradley (1846–1924). Idealist.
  • Vilfredo Pareto (1848–1923). Social philosopher.
  • Bernard Bosanquet (1848–1923). Idealist.
  • Gottlob Frege (1848–1925). Influential analytic philosopher.
  • Cook Wilson (1849–1915).
  • Hans Vaihinger (1852–1933). Specialist in counterfactuals.
  • David George Ritchie (1853–1903). Idealist.
  • Alexius Meinong (1853–1920). Logical realist.
  • Henri Poincaré (1854–1912).
  • Josiah Royce (1855–1916). Idealist.
  • Andrew Seth Pringle-Pattison (1856–1931).
  • Ferdinand de Saussure (1857–1913). Linguist, Semiotics, Structuralism.
  • Émile Durkheim (1858–1917). Social philosopher.
  • Giuseppe Peano (1858–1932).
  • Edmund Husserl (1859–1938). Founder of phenomenology.
  • Samuel Alexander (1859–1938). Perceptual realist.
  • Henri Bergson (1859–1941).
  • John Dewey (1859–1952). Pragmatism.
  • Jane Addams (1860–1935). Pragmatist.
  • Pierre Duhem (1861–1916).
  • Karl Groos (1861-1946). Evolutionary instrumentalist theory of play.
  • Alfred North Whitehead (1861–1947). Process Philosophy, Mathematician, Logician, Philosophy of Physics, Panpsychism.
  • George Herbert Mead (1863–1931). Pragmatism, symbolic interactionist.
  • Max Weber (1864–1920). Social philosopher.
  • Miguel de Unamuno (1864–1936).
  • J. M. E. McTaggart (1866–1925). Idealist.
  • Benedetto Croce (1866–1952).
  • Emma Goldman (1869–1940). Anarchist.
  • Rosa Luxemburg (1870–1919). Marxist political philosopher.
  • G.E. Moore (1873–1958). Common sense theorist, ethical non-naturalist.
  • Martin Buber (1878–1965). Jewish philosopher, existentialist.

    • 1900-2000 CE

  • George Santayana (1863–1952). Pragmatism, naturalism; known for many aphorisms.
  • H.A. Prichard (1871–1947). Moral intuitionist.
  • Bertrand Russell (1872–1970). Analytic philosopher, atheist, influential.
  • A.O. Lovejoy (1873–1962).
  • Max Scheler (1874-1928). German phenomenologist.
  • Ernst Cassirer (1874–1945).
  • Nikolai Berdyaev (1874–1948). Existentialist.
  • Giovanni Gentile (1875–1944). Idealist and fascist philosopher.
  • Ralph Barton Perry (1876–1957).
  • W.D. Ross (1877–1971). Deontologist.
  • Pierre Teilhard de Chardin (1881–1955). Christian evolutionist.
  • Hans Kelsen (1881–1973). Legal positivist.
  • Moritz Schlick (1882–1936). Founder of Vienna Circle, logical positivism.
  • Otto Neurath (1882–1945). Member of Vienna Circle.
  • Nicolai Hartmann (1882–1950).
  • Jacques Maritain (1882–1973). Human rights theorist.
  • José Ortega y Gasset (1883–1955). Philosopher of History.
  • C.I. Lewis (1883–1964). Conceptual pragmatist.
  • Gaston Bachelard (1884–1962).
  • Georg Lukács (1885–1971). Marxist philosopher.
  • Walter Terence Stace (1886–1967)
  • Karl Barth (1886–1968).
  • C. D. Broad (1887–1971).
  • Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889–1951). Analytic philosopher, philosophy of language, philosophy of mind, influential.
  • Gabriel Marcel (1889–1973). Christian existentialist.
  • Martin Heidegger (1889–1976). Phenomenologist.
  • Antonio Gramsci (1891–1937). Marxist philosopher.
  • Rudolf Carnap (1891–1970). Vienna Circle. Logical positivist.
  • Walter Benjamin (1892-1940). Marxist. Philosophy of language.
  • Brand Blanshard (1892–1987).
  • F. S. C. Northrop (1893–1992). Epistemolog.
  • Roman Ingarden (1893–1970). Perceptual realist, phenomenalist.
  • Susanne Langer (1895–1985).
  • Friedrich Waismann (1896–1959). Vienna Circle. Logical positivist.
  • Georges Bataille (1897-1962).
  • Herbert Marcuse (1898–1979). Frankfurt School.
  • Xavier Zubiri (1898-1983). Materialist open realism.
  • Leo Strauss (1899–1973). Political Philosopher.
  • H.H. Price (1899–1984).
  • Gilbert Ryle (1900–1976).
  • Hans-Georg Gadamer (1900–2002). Hermeneutics.
  • Jacques Lacan (1901–1981). Structuralism.
  • Alfred Tarski (1901–1983). Created T-Convention in semantics.
  • E. Nagel (1901–1985). Logical positivist.
  • Karl Popper (1902–1994). Falsificationist.
  • Mortimer Adler (1902–2001).
  • Frank P. Ramsey (1903–1930). Proposed redundancy theory of truth.
  • Theodor Adorno (1903–1969). Frankfurt School.
  • Ernest Addison Moody (1903–1975).
  • Jean-Paul Sartre (1905–1980). Humanism, existentialism.
  • Karl Jaspers (1905–1982). Existentialist.
  • Eugen Fink (1905–1975). Phenomenologist.
  • Ayn Rand (1905–1982). Objectivist, Individualist.
  • Kurt Gödel (1906–1978). Vienna Circle.
  • Emmanuel Levinas (1906-1995).
  • Hannah Arendt (1906–1975). Political Philosophy.
  • H.L.A. Hart (1907–1992). Legal positivism.
  • C.L. Stevenson (1908–1979).
  • Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908-1961). Influential French phenomenologist.
  • Simone de Beauvoir (1908–1986). Existentialist, feminist.
  • Willard van Orman Quine (1908–2000).
  • Simone Weil (1909–1943).
  • A.J. Ayer (1910–1989). Logical positivist, emotivist.
  • J.L. Austin (1911–1960).
  • Marshall McLuhan (1911–1980). Media theory.
  • Alan Turing (1912–1954). Functionalist in philosophy of mind.
  • Wilfrid Sellars (1912-1989). Influential American philosopher
  • Albert Camus (1913–1960). Absurdist.
  • Paul Ricœur (1913-2005). French philosopher and theologian.
  • Roland Barthes (1915-1980). French semiotician and literary theorist.
  • J. L. Mackie (1917–1981). Moral skeptic.
  • Donald Davidson (1917–2003).
  • Louis Althusser (1918-1990).
  • R. M. Hare (1919–2002).
  • P. F. Strawson (1919–2006).
  • John Rawls (1921–2002). Liberal.
  • Zygmunt Bauman (born 1925). Polish sociologist and philosopher, who introduced the idea of liquid modernity.
  • Frantz Fanon (1925–1961). Post-colonialism
  • Gilles Deleuze (1925-1995). Post-structuralism
  • Michel Foucault (1926–1984). Structuralism, Post-structuralism, Postmodernism, Queer theory.
  • John Howard Yoder (1927–1997). Pacifist.
  • Robert M. Pirsig (born 1935). Introduced the Methaphysics of Quality. MOQ incorporates facets of East Asian philosophy, pragmatism and the work of F. S. C. Northrop.
  • Bernard Williams (1929-2003). Moral philosopher.
  • Jean Baudrillard (1929–2007). Postmodernism, Post-structuralism.
  • Allan Bloom (1930–1992). Political Philosopher.
  • Pierre Bourdieu (1930-2002). French psychoanalytic sociologist and philosopher.
  • Jacques Derrida (1930–2004). Deconstruction.
  • Guy Debord (1931-1994). French Marxist philosopher.
  • Richard Rorty (1931–2007). Pragmatism, Postanalytic philosophy.
  • Robert Nozick (1938–2002). Libertarian.
  • David K. Lewis (1941–2001). Modal realism.
  • Hilary Putnam (1926-2016).
  • David Malet Armstrong (born 1926).
  • Noam Chomsky (born 1928).
  • Jürgen Habermas (born 1929).
  • Jaakko Hintikka (born 1929).
  • Alasdair MacIntyre (born 1929). Aristotelian.
  • Charles Taylor (born 1931). Political philosophy, Philosophy of Social Science, and Intellectual History
  • John Searle (born 1932).
  • Alvin Plantinga (born 1932). Reformed epistemology, Philosophy of Religion.
  • Jerry Fodor (born 1935).
  • Thomas Nagel (born 1937).
  • Alain Badiou (born 1937).
  • Tom Regan (born 1938) animal rights philosopher
  • Saul Kripke (born 1940).
  • Jean-Luc Nancy (born 1940) French philosopher.
  • Joxe Azurmendi (born 1941). Basque Philosopher, Political philosophy, Social philosophy, Philosophy of language
  • Derek Parfit (1942-2017).
  • Giorgio Agamben (born 1942). state of exception, form-of-life, homo sacer, and the concept of biopolitics
  • Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak (born 1942). Post-colonialism, Feminism, Literary theory
  • Peter Singer (born 1946) Moral philosopher on animal liberation, effective altruism
  • John Ralston Saul (born 1947).
  • Slavoj Žižek (born 1949). Hegelianism, Marxism and Lacanian psychoanalysis
  • Cornel West (born 1953).
  • Judith Butler (born 1956). Poststructuralist, feminist, queer theory
  • Ken Wilber (born 1949). Integral Theory.

    • References

    Timeline of Western philosophers Wikipedia
    (Text) CC BY-SA


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