Country India Founded by Baba Ala Singh Time zone IST (UTC+5:30) Literacy 75.3% | State Punjab Headquarters Patiala Area 3,430 km² Population 1.892 million (2011) | |
Telephone code Patiala: 91-(0)175, Rajpura: 91-(0)1762, Samana: 91-(0)1764, Nabha: 91-(0)1765 & Amloh: 91-(0)1768 Colleges and Universities Punjabi University, Thapar University, Chitkara University, Government Medical College, Rajiv Gandhi National Points of interest Qila Mubarak, Saty Narayan Ji Mandir - N, Qila Mubarak - Patiala, Moti Bagh Palace, Sheesh Mahal | ||
Patiala district (Malwayi:ਪਟਿਆਲਾ ਜ਼ਿਲਾ) is one of the twenty two districts in the state of Punjab in North-West India.
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Map of Patiala, Punjab
Patiala District lies between 29 49’ and 30 47’ north latitude, 75 58’ and 76 54' east longitude, in the southeast part of the state. It is surrounded by Fatehgarh Sahib, Rupnagar and Mohali to the north, Fatehgarh Sahib and Sangrur districts to the west, Ambala, Panchkula, Haryana to the North East and Kurukshetra districts of neighbouring Haryana state to the east, and Kaithal district of Haryana to the south west.
Baba Ala Singh (1691–1765) a Sikh chieftain from village Rampura Phul in Bathinda District of Punjab, with his army of young brave men migrated to Barnala where Baba Ala Singh in 1763 set up his new state. Later Baba Ala Singh moved to a small village of Lehal where he built a new city on the village naming it as Patiala, he laid the foundations of a steady and stable state known as Phulkian Dynasty south to Sirhind. In and around Patiala District he founded many villages within his territory, and reconstructed many historical Gurdwaras relating to Sikh Religion.
It was since Baba Ala Singh time that Patiala District came into being as before the area was under the Sirhind Government, Baba Ala Singh made Sirhind, Tohana, Mansa, Bathinda, Sangrur and Barnala, Fatehabad District part of Patiala State.
In 1809 Patiala State came under British protection during the reign of Maharaja Sahib Singh (1773–1813) of Phulkian Dynasty, as he feared that Maharaja Ranjit Singh of Lahore would cross the sutlej river and take the district and state so the Patiala rulers got the British to protect them from further invasion from 1809-1947 Patiala remained under British Protection. In 1948 Patiala Princely State was Abolished by the Indian government.
Patiala District was further divided into Fatehgarh Sahib District on the 13 April 1992 Vaisakhi.
Patiala district population mainly follows Sikhism with lesser number of Hindus and smaller numbers of Christians & Muslims.
Patiala having a population of 1,892,282 is the 4th most populated district of the Punjab after Ludhiana, Amritsar and Jalandhar as per 2011 census.
Geography
This district contains many small hill ranges which are part of the Shivalik Hills.
Divisions
The district is divided into 3 sub-divisions: Patiala, Rajpura and Nabha, which are further divided into 5 tehsils, namely, Patiala, Rajpura, Nabha, Samana, Pattran. It also comprises 8 blocks, Patiala, Rajpura, Nabha and Samana.
There are 9 Punjab Vidhan Sabha constituencies located in this district: Patiala Urban, Patiala Rural, Rajpura, Nabha, Samana, Ghanaur, Shutrana, Sanaur, Patran . All of these are part of Patiala Lok Sabha constituency.
Industry
Patiala is fast emerging as an important industrial growth centre on the industrial map of the state. besides traditional goods, high quality and sophisticated items are now produced including small cutting tools, power cables, Vanaspati ghee, bicycles and agriculture implements including harvester combines and threshers, milk products, pesticides etc. The industrial units are scattered all over the district mainly at Rajpura, Patiala, Samana and Nabha. There are large and medium industrial units located at Rajpura producing Vanaspati ghee, power cables, bicycles and bicycle components and at Dera bassi producing spun-yarn and alcohol. Among the small scale industry in the district are those producing agriculture implements, rice shellers, cutting tools, electrical goods and bakeries. There are Industrial Focal Points at Patiala, Rajpura, Nabha and Dera bassi and two Industrial Estates at Rajpura, Patiala.
Demographics
According to the 2011 census Patiala district has a population of 1,892,282, roughly equal to the nation of Slovenia or the US state of Mississippi. This gives it a ranking of 248th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 596 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,540/sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 19.4%. Patiala has a sex ratio of 888 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 76.3%.
Topography
Most of the area is plain in form of agricultural land. The river Ghaghar remains dry during most part of the year. However, during the rainy season, it often causes flooding the adjoining villages, which results in damage to the crops, livestock and the human lives. Other subsidiary rivers are Tangri Nadi, Patiala-Wali-Nadi, Sirhind Choe and the Jhambowali Choe.
Apart from the natural water lines, The Bhakra Main Line canal, the Nawana Branch, and the Ghaghar Link are the most important. These canals are the back bone of the irrigation system of the district.