Supriya Ghosh (Editor)

Simple polytope

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In geometry, a d-dimensional simple polytope is a d-dimensional polytope each of whose vertices are adjacent to exactly d edges (also d facets). The vertex figure of a simple d-polytope is a (d − 1)-simplex.

They are topologically dual to simplicial polytopes. The family of polytopes which are both simple and simplicial are simplices or two-dimensional polygons.

For example, a simple polyhedron is a polyhedron whose vertices are adjacent to 3 edges and 3 faces. And the dual to a simple polyhedron is a simplicial polyhedron, containing all triangular faces.

Micha Perles conjectured that a simple polytope is completely determined by its 1-skeleton; his conjecture was proven in 1987 by Blind and Mani-Levitska. Gil Kalai provided a later simplification of this result based on the theory of unique sink orientations.

Examples

In three dimensions:

  • Prisms
  • Platonic solids:
  • tetrahedron, cube, dodecahedron
  • Archimedean solids:
  • truncated tetrahedron, truncated cube, truncated octahedron, truncated cuboctahedron, truncated dodecahedron, truncated icosahedron, truncated icosidodecahedron
  • Goldberg polyhedron and Fullerenes:
  • chamfered tetrahedron, chamfered cube, chamfered dodecahedron ...
  • In general, any polyhedron can be made into a simple one by truncating its vertices of valence 4 or higher.
  • truncated trapezohedrons
  • In four dimensions:

  • Regular:
  • 120-cell, Tesseract
  • Uniform 4-polytope:
  • truncated 5-cell, truncated tesseract, truncated 24-cell, truncated 120-cell
  • all bitruncated, cantitruncated or omnitruncated 4-polytopes
  • duoprisms
  • In higher dimensions:

  • d-simplex
  • hypercube
  • associahedron
  • permutohedron
  • all omnitruncated polytopes
  • References

    Simple polytope Wikipedia