A Praxis test is one of a series of American teacher certification exams written and administered by the Educational Testing Service. Various Praxis tests are usually required before, during, and after teacher training courses in the U.S.
In order to be a teacher in most states in the US, the Praxis test is required. It usually consists of two separate tests, Praxis 1 and 2. In some states, alternative teacher certification programs allow prospective educators to obtain licensure without taking Praxis tests.
The Praxis I, or Pre-Professional Skills Test (PPST), consists of three exams: reading, writing, and mathematics. In most colleges and universities, a passing score must be earned for admission to teacher education. In most states, a passing score must be earned before the teacher education graduate can apply for his or her teaching license or certificate.
The Praxis II assessments cover many different subject areas. Each state requires a different combination of Praxis II exams for certification. In many states, these include a content knowledge and a pedagogy exam. In some states, students must pass these exams before being accepted into the student teaching component of the program. Many states use the Praxis II tests as a way to determine highly qualified teachers status under the No Child Left Behind Act. The Praxis II School Counseling specialty exam is used by some states as a licensure requirement to practice professional school counseling.
It replaced the National Teacher Examination (NTE), also administered by ETS.
Art: Content and AnalysisArt: Content KnowledgeAmerican Sign LanguageBiology and General ScienceBiology: Content EssaysBiology: Content KnowledgeBraille ProficiencyBusiness Education: Content KnowledgeChemistry: Short Word EssaysChemistry: Content KnowledgeChemistry, Physics and General ScienceChinese (Mandarin): World LanguageCitizenship Education: Content KnowledgeCommunicationCooperative EducationDriver EducationEarly Childhood: Content EssaysEarly Childhood EducationEarth and Space Sciences: Content KnowledgeEconomicsEducation of Deaf and Hard of Hearing StudentsEducation of Young ChildrenEducational Leadership: Administration and SupervisionElementary Education: Content KnowledgeElementary Education: Curriculum, Instruction and AssessmentElementary Education: Instructional Practice and ApplicationsElementary Education: Multiple SubjectsEnglish Language Arts: Content and AnalysisEnglish Language Arts: Content KnowledgeEnglish Language, Literature and Composition: Content and AnalysisEnglish Language, Literature and Composition: Content KnowledgeEnglish Language, Literature and Composition: PedagogyEnglish to Speakers of Other LanguagesEnvironmental EducationFamily and Consumer SciencesFrench: World LanguageFundamental Subjects: Content KnowledgeGeneral Science: Content EssaysGeneral Science: Content KnowledgeGeographyGerman: World LanguageGifted EducationGovernment/Political ScienceHealth and Physical Education: Content KnowledgeHealth EducationInterdisciplinary Early Childhood EducationJournalismLatinLibrary Media SpecialistLife Science: PedagogyMarketing EducationMathematics: Content KnowledgeMathematics: PedagogyMiddle School: Content KnowledgeMiddle School English Language ArtsMiddle School MathematicsMiddle School: Multiple SubjectsMiddle School ScienceMiddle School Social StudiesMusic: AnalysisMusic: Concepts and ProcessesMusic: Content and InstructionMusic: Content KnowledgePhysical Education: Content and DesignPhysical Education: Content KnowledgePhysical Education: Movement Forms - Analysis and DesignPhysical Science: Content KnowledgePhysical Science: PedagogyPhysics: Content EssaysPhysics: Content KnowledgePre-Kindergarten EducationPrinciples of Learning and Teaching: Early ChildhoodPrinciples of Learning and Teaching: Grades K-6Principles of Learning and Teaching: Grades 5-9Principles of Learning and Teaching: Grades 7-12Professional School CounselorPsychologyReading Across the Curriculum: ElementaryReading SpecialistSafety/Driver EducationSchool Guidance and CounselingSchool PsychologistSchool Social Worker: Content KnowledgeSocial Sciences: Content KnowledgeSocial Studies: Content and InterpretationSocial Studies: Content KnowledgeSociologySpanish: World LanguageSpecial Education: Core Knowledge and ApplicationsSpecial Education: Core Knowledge and Mild to Moderate ApplicationsSpecial Education: Core Knowledge and Severe to Profound ApplicationsSpecial Education: Education of Deaf and Hard of Hearing StudentsSpecial Education: Early ChildhoodSpecial Education: Preschool/Early ChildhoodSpecial Education: Teaching Speech to Students with Language ImpairmentsSpecial Education: Teaching Students w/ Behavioral Disorders/Emotional DisturbancesSpecial Education: Teaching Students w/ Learning DisabilitiesSpecial Education: Teaching Students w/ Mental RetardationSpecial Education: Teaching Students w/ Visual ImpairmentsSpeech Communication: Content KnowledgeSpeech-Language PathologyTeaching Foundations: EnglishTeaching Foundations: MathematicsTeaching Foundations: Multiple SubjectsTeaching Foundations: ScienceTeaching ReadingTeaching Reading: Elementary EducationTechnology EducationVocational General KnowledgeWorld and U.S. History: Content KnowledgeWorld Languages PedagogyAlabamaAlaskaArkansasColoradoConnecticutDelawareDistrict of ColumbiaGeorgiaGuamHawaiiIdahoIndianaIowaKansasKentuckyLouisianaMarylandMaineMississippiNebraskaNew JerseyNew HampshireNevadaNorth CarolinaNorth DakotaOhioPennsylvaniaRhode IslandSouth CarolinaSouth DakotaTennesseeTexasUtahUS Virgin IslandsVermontVirginiaWest VirginiaWisconsinWyomingHere is a map displaying which of the 50 states use Praxis II: http://i.imgur.com/A8plRDX.png
Examples of states that require teaching candidates to pass their state-specific tests, in lieu of the Praxis:
Alabama (AECTP)Arizona (AEPA)California (CBEST and California Subject Examinations for Teachers, also known as CSET)Colorado (PLACE)Florida (FTCE)Georgia (GACE)Illinois (ILTS)Massachusetts (MTEL)Michigan (MTTC)Minnesota (MTLE)Missouri (CBASE)New Mexico (NMTA)New York (NYSTCE)Ohio (OAE)Oklahoma (OGET, OPTE, Subject area)Oregon (ORELA)Pennsylvania (PAPA, PECT)Texas (TExES)Virginia (RVE)Washington (WEST-B/WEST-E/NES)Wisconsin (NES)