Pronunciation [paŋ'ɡa'sinan] | Ethnicity Pangasinan people | |
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Region Pangasinan, northern Tarlac, southern La Union, southwestern Benguet, northwestern Nueva Ecija, northern Zambales, and southwestern Nueva Vizcaya Native speakers (1.2 million cited 1990 census)8th most spoken native language in the Philippines Language family AustronesianMalayo-PolynesianPhilippineNorthern PhilippineNorthern LuzonSouth–Central CordilleranSouthern CordilleranPangasinicPangasinan | ||
The Pangasinan language or Salitan Pangasinan is one of the major languages of the Philippines. It is the language spoken in the province of Pangasinan, on the west-central seaboard of the island of Luzon along the Lingayen Gulf, the northern portion of Tarlac and southwestern La Union, most of whom belong to the Pangasinan ethnic group. Pangasinan is also understood in some municipalities in Benguet, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, and by the Aitas or Aeta of Zambales. The language is also called as Pangasinense or Pangalatok, which is taken from the Spanish language. In 2012, Pangasinan is one of the major languages of the Philippines that is being taught and studied formally in schools and universities.
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Classification
The Pangasinan language belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian languages branch of the Austronesian languages family. Pangasinan is similar to other closely related Philippine languages, Indonesian in Indonesia, Malaysian in Malaysia, Hawaiian in Hawaii and Malagasy in Madagascar. The Pangasinan language is very closely related to the Ibaloi language spoken in the neighboring province of Benguet and Baguio City, located north of Pangasinan. Pangasinan is classified under the Pangasinic group of languages.
The other Pangasinic languages are:
Pangasinan, is spoken primarily in the provinces of Pangasinan, Tarlac, La Union, and Benguet, and in some areas of the neighboring provinces of Zambales, Nueva Ecija, Aurora, and Nueva Vizcaya.
Geographic distribution
Pangasinan is the official language of the province of Pangasinan, located on the west central area of the island of Luzon along Lingayen Gulf. The people of Pangasinan are also referred to as Pangasinan. The province has a total population of 2,343,086 (2000), of which 2 million speak Pangasinan. Pangasinan is spoken in other Pangasinan communities in the Philippines, mostly in the neighboring provinces of Benguet, La Union, Nueva Ecija, Tarlac, Zambales, and Nueva Vizcaya.
History
Austronesian speakers settled in Maritime Southeast Asia during prehistoric times, perhaps more than 5,000 years ago. The indigenous speakers of Pangasinan are descendants of these settlers, who were probably part of a wave of prehistoric human migration that is widely believed to have originated from Southern China via Taiwan between 10 and 6 thousand years ago.
The word Pangasinan, means “land of salt” or “place of salt-making”; it is derived from the root word asin, the word for "salt" in Pangasinan. Pangasinan could also refer to a “container of salt or salted-products”; it refers to the ceramic jar for storage of salt or salted-products or its contents.
Sentence Structure
Like other Malayo-Polynesian languages, Pangasinan has a verb–subject–object word order. Pangasinan is an agglutinative language.
Affixes
a:-UM-MAKAN-, AKAN-PINAGKA-INKA-KAKA-AN-ANSAN-SANKA-SANKA-ANMA-MAY-MAY-ENMANKA-, ANKA-, MANGA-KI-ANINKI-KI-NA-AN, A-ANNI-ANEN--IN-I-I-ANIN-INY-IN-ANNumbers
List of numbers from one to ten in English, Tagalog and Pangasinan
Cardinal Numbers:
Ordinal Numbers:
Ordinal numbers are formed with prefix KUMA- (KA- plus infix -UM). Example: kumadua, second.
Associative Numbers:
Associative numbers are formed with prefix KA-. Example: katlo, third of a group of three.
Fractions:
Fraction numbers are formed with prefix KA- and an associative number. Example: kakatlo, third part.
Multiplicatives:
Multiplicative ordinal numbers are formed with prefix PI- and a cardinal number from two to four or PIN- for other numbers except for number one. Example: kaisa, first time; pidua, second time; pinlima, fifth time.
Multiplicative cardinal numbers are formed with prefix MAN- (MAMI- or MAMIN- for present or future tense, and AMI- or AMIN- for the past tense) to the corresponding multiplicative ordinal number. Example: aminsan, once; amidua, twice; mamitlo, thrice.
Distributives:
Distributive cardinal numbers are formed with prefixes SAN-, TAG-, or TUNGGAL and a cardinal number. Example: sansakey, one each; sanderua, two each.
Distributive multiplicative numbers are formed with prefix MAGSI-, TUNGGAL, or BALANGSAKEY and a multiplicative cardinal number. Example: tunggal pamidua, twice each; magsi-pamidua, each twice.
Alphabet
Modern Pangasinan consists of 27 letters, which include the 26 letters of the basic Latin alphabet and the Pangasinan digraph ng:
Orthography
The ancient people of Pangasinan used an indigenous writing system. The ancient Pangasinan script, which is related to the Tagalog Baybayin script, was derived from the Javanese Kawi script of Indonesia and the Vatteluttu or Pallava script of South India.
The Latin script was introduced during the Spanish colonial period. Pangasinan literature, using the indigenous syllabary and the Latin alphabet, continued to flourish during the Spanish and American colonial period. Pangasinan acquired many Spanish and English words, and some indigenous words were Hispanicized or Anglicized. However, use of the ancient syllabary has declined, and not much literature written in it has survived.
Pangasinan Literature
Pangasinan was preserved and kept alive despite the propagation of the Spanish and English languages. Written Pangasinan and oral literature in this language flourished during the Spanish and American period. Writers like Juan Saingan, Felipe Quintos, Narciso Corpus, Antonio Solis, Juan Villamil, Juan Mejía and María C. Magsano continued to write and publish in Pangasinan. Felipe Quintos, a Pangasinan officer of the Katipunan, wrote Sipi Awaray: Gelew Diad Pilipinas (Revolución Filipina), a history of the Katipunan revolutionary struggle in Pangasinan and surrounding provinces. Narciso Corpus and Antonio Solis co-wrote Impanbilay na Manoc a Tortola, a short love story. (Lingayen, Pangasinan: Gumawid Press, 1926)
Juan Villamil translated José Rizal's Mi Ultimo Adiós in Pangasinan. Pablo Mejia edited Tunong, a news magazine, in the 1920s. He also wrote Bilay tan Kalkalar nen Rizal, a biography of Rizal. Magsano published Silew, a literary magazine. Magsano also wrote Samban Agnabenegan, a romance novel. Pangasinan Courier published articles and literary works in Pangasinan. Pioneer Herald published Sinag, a literary supplement in Pangasinan. Many Christian publications in Pangasinan are widely available.
Many Pangasinan are multilingual and proficient in English, Filipino, and Ilocano. However, the spread and influence of the other languages is contributing to the decline of the Pangasinan. Many Pangasinan people, especially the native speakers are promoting the use of Pangasinan in the print and broadcast media, Internet, local governments, courts, public facilities and schools in Pangasinan. In April 2006, the creation of Pangasinan Wikipedia was proposed, which the Wikimedia Foundation approved for publication in the Internet.
Malinac lay Labi (Original Version)
This Pangasinan folk love song was composed by Julian Velasco.
Malinac ya Labi
Oras ya mareen
Mapalpalnay dagem
Katekep to’y linaew
Samit day koguip ko
Binangonan kon tampol
Ta pilit na pusok ya sika'y amamayoen
(Repeat)
Refrain:
Lalo la no bilay
No sikalay nanengneng
Napunas ya ami'y
Ermen ya akbibiten
No nodnonoten ko ra'y samit na ogalim
Agtaka nalingwanan
Anggad kaayos na bilay
(Repeat Refrain)
Pangasinan Folk Song: Malinak lay Labi
Malinak lay Labi
A night of calm
Oras la’y mareen
An hour of peace
Mapalpalna’y dagem
A gentle breeze
Katekep to’y linaew
Along with it is the dew
Samit da’y kugip ko
So sweet is my dream
Binangonan kon tampol
Suddenly I awake
Lapu’d say limgas mo
Because of your beauty
Sikan sika’y amamayoen
You are the only one I will love
Lalo la bilay
Best of all, my life
No sika la’y nanengne'ng
When it's you that I see
Napunas lan amin
All are wiped away
So ermen ya akbibiten
The sorrows that I bear
No nanonotan
When I remember
Ko la'y samit day ugalim
Of your sweet kindness
Ag ta ka nalingwanan
I will not forget you
Angga’d kauyos na bilay
Until life is gone
List of foreign words
Most of the loan words in Pangasinan are Spanish, as the Philippines was ruled by Spain for more than 300 years. Examples are lugar (place), podir (power, care), kontra (from contra, against), birdi (verde, green), ispiritu ("espíritu", spirit), and santo (holy, saint).