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Kyōiku kanji (教育漢字, literally "education kanji"), also known as Gakunenbetsu kanji haitōhyō (学年別漢字配当表, literally "list of kanji by school year") is a list of 1,006 kanji and associated readings developed and maintained by the Japanese Ministry of Education that prescribes which kanji, and which readings of kanji, Japanese schoolchildren should learn for each year of primary school. Although the list is designed for Japanese children, it can also be used as a sequence of learning characters by non-native speakers as a means of focusing on the most commonly used kanji.
Contents
- Versions of kyiku list
- List by grade
- List by radicals
- List by number of strokes
- List by Unicode
- List by frequency
- Kokuji
- Kokkun
- Simplified characters and their traditional forms
- Differences in simplification between China and Japan
- Traditional characters that may cause problems displaying
- List of the simplified kyiku kanji
- The kyiku kanji and their Chinese hnz equivalents
- Same form in Chinese and Japanese
- Different forms in Chinese and Japanese
- References
Kyōiku kanji is a subset of Jōyō kanji.
Versions of kyōiku list
List by grade
Note 1: Many kanji have complex meanings and nuances, or express concepts not directly translatable into English. In those cases, the English meanings mentioned here constitute approximations.
Note 2: In the kun'yomi readings, readings after - (hyphen) are Okurigana.
Note 3: A - (hyphen) at the end of the -yomi indicates a small tsu which is a small pause before the next part of the word is said.
List by radicals
The following 48 radicals are currently not used within the kyōiku kanji: 16, 17, 23, 26, 35, 43, 45, 55, 68, 71, 73, 89, 92, 95, 97, 98, 99, 103, 114, 121,126, 134, 136, 141, 153, 160, 171, 178, 179, 186, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 197, 198, 200, 202, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 210, 212, 213, and 214.
The following 44 radicals are currently used in only one kyōiku kanji: 11, 20, 33, 52, 56, 58, 59, 65, 74, 81, 82, 83, 84, 88, 100, 101, 107, 110, 127, 129, 133, 138, 139, 142, 144, 152, 155, 161, 165, 168,176, 177, 182, 183, 185, 188, 189, 195, 196, 199, 201, 203, 209, and 211.
The three most frequent radicals are 9 (57 kanji), 85 (42 kanji), and 75 (37 kanji).
List by number of strokes
List by Unicode
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List by frequency
日一国会人年大十二本中長出三同時政事自行社見月分議後前民生連五発間対上部東者党地合市業内相方四定今回新場金員九入選立開手米力学問高代明実円関決子動京全目表戦経通外最言氏現理調体化田当八六約主題下首意法不来作性的要用制治度務強気小七成期公持野協取都和統以機平総加山思家話世受区領多県続進正安設保改数記院女初北午指権心界支第産結百派点教報済書府活原先共得解名交資予川向際査勝面委告軍文反元重近千考判認画海参売利組知案道信策集在件団別物側任引使求所次水半品昨論計死官増係感特情投示変打男基私各始島直両朝革価式確村提運終挙果西勢減台広容必応演電住争談能無再位置真流格有疑口過局少放税検町常校料裁状工建語球営空職証土急止送供可役構木割聞身費付切由説転食比難防補車優夫研収断何南石足消境神番規術護展態導備宅害配副算視条幹独警宮究育席輸訪楽起万着乗店述残想線率病農州武声質念待試族象銀域助労例衛然早張映限親額験追商葉義伝働形景落担好退準賞辺造英株頭技低毎医復仕去姿味負閣失移差衆個門写評課末守若脳極種美命福蔵量望松非観察整段横型白深字答夜製票音申様財港識注呼達良帰針専推谷古候史天階程満敗管値歌買兵接器士光討路悪科授細効図週積丸他録処省旧室憲太橋歩岸客風紙激否周師材登系批母易健黒火戸速存花春飛殺央券赤号単盟座青破編竹除完降責並従右修隊危採織森競拡故館給屋読弁根色友苦就走園具左異歴辞将秋因厳馬愛休富父遺未貿講林装諸夏素亡劇河航冷模適婦鉄寄益顔類児余禁印逆王返標久短油妻暴輪宣背昭植熱宿薬清習険覚盛船倍均億圧芸許皇臨駅署便留罪停興陸玉源波創障筋帯延羽努固精則乱散司康測豊洋静善厚喜囲卒略承順紀旅絶級幸岩練軽庁博城等救層版老令角損曲裏密庭徒仏績築貨志混池我勤血幕居染温雑招季困星傷永著誌庫刊像功欠秘坂刻底賛服犯布寺息宇遠養街願絵希欲痛縮枚属笑複郵束仲栄札似夕板列探借節骨射届曜遊迷夢巻揮君燃雨閉包弱賃折郡草飲貴災暮預焼簡肉納樹章臓律貸至宗照宙酒銭堂群悲秒操晴誕謝孝仮暗鳥純飯訳吸典賀看勉奏翌陽快片郷敬泉冬徳皮漁里己貯歯忠倉昼茶柱沿唱祭誠忘雪筆訓浴俳童宝胸砂塩誤序弟聖洗舎兆畑慣毛緑尊祝礼窓旗詩昔牛敵魚液貧衣酸兄泳祖幼荷潮梅桜黄句鋼臣浅雲縦捨鳴腹乳矢紅炭丁冊勇械犬菜耳仁墓卵湖干頂虫刷湯箱牧穴暖朗鉱泣肺孫飼枝熟恩毒往豆晩陛径暑拝妹氷棒寒帳肥糖姉脈拾俵粉漢糸綿才銅鏡覧奮眼蒸耕后巣班潔灯麦鼻詞胃寸机磁芽灰垂穀貝刀弓腸皿舌羊絹笛尺汽蚕
Kokuji
Kokuji are characters originally created in Japan; two of them are kyōiku kanji: 働 (Grade 4) and 畑 (Grade 3). There are also 8 kokuji within the secondary-school kanji and 16 within the jinmeiyō kanji. The character 働 and some others are also used in Chinese now, but most kokuji are unknown outside Japan.
Kokkun
Kokkun are characters and combinations of characters that have different meanings in Japanese and Chinese.
For example, the character combination 手紙 means "letter" in Japanese, but "toilet paper" in Chinese. However, the isolated characters have the same meaning in both languages: 手 (Grade 1) means "hand," and 紙 (Grade 2) means "paper."
Simplified characters and their traditional forms
See also shinjitai and kyūjitai.
Differences in simplification between China and Japan
China and Japan simplified their writing systems independently from each other. After World War II, their relations were not good, so they did not cooperate. Traditional Chinese characters are still officially used in Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, South Korea (as a supplement to Hangul, but they are no longer used in North Korea), and by many overseas Chinese.
In Chinese, many more characters were simplified than in Japanese; some characters were simplified in only one language; other characters were simplified in the same way in both languages, and other characters were simplified in both languages but in different ways. This means that those who want to learn the writing systems of both languages must sometimes learn three different variations of one character: traditional Chinese, modern Chinese, and modern Japanese (for example 兩 - 两 - 両).
Traditional characters that may cause problems displaying
Note that within the kyōiku kanji, there are 26 characters; the old forms of which may cause problems displaying:
These characters are Unicode CJK Unified Ideographs for which the old form (kyūjitai) and the new form (shinjitai) have been unified under the Unicode standard. Although the old and new forms are distinguished under the JIS X 0213 standard, the old forms map to Unicode CJK Compatibility Ideographs which are considered by Unicode to be canonically equivalent to the new forms and may not be distinguished by user agents. Therefore, depending on the user environment, it may not be possible to see the distinction between old and new forms of the characters. In particular, all Unicode normalization methods merge the old characters with the new ones.
List of the simplified kyōiku kanji
For example, 万 is the simplified form of 萬. Note that 弁 is used to simplify three different traditional characters (辨, 瓣, and 辯).
万 萬, 両 兩, 画 畫, 昼 晝, 蚕 蠶, 悪 惡, 旧 舊, 単 單, 巣 巢, 争 爭, 来 來, 乗 乘, 勉 勉, 厳 嚴, 予 豫, 変 變, 仏 佛, 会 會, 伝 傳, 仮 假, 体 體, 余 餘, 価 價, 児 兒, 並 竝, 円 圓, 写 寫, 労 勞, 効 效, 勤 勤, 区 區, 医 醫, 真 眞, 点 點, 圧 壓, 歴 歷, 台 臺, 弁 (辨 瓣 辯), 参 參, 収 收, 号 號, 営 營, 器 器, 団 團, 図 圖, 囲 圍, 国 國, 売 賣, 声 聲, 塩 鹽, 増 增, 処 處, 条 條, 学 學, 実 實, 宝 寶, 専 專, 当 當, 県 縣, 党 黨, 届 屆, 属 屬, 層 層, 巻 卷, 帯 帶, 広 廣, 庁 廳, 応 應, 帰 歸, 径 徑, 従 從, 徳 德, 衛 衞, 戦 戰, 担 擔, 拡 擴, 拝 拜, 挙 擧, 数 數, 対 對, 断 斷, 晩 晚, 暑 暑, 栄 榮, 梅 梅, 桜 櫻, 検 檢, 楽 樂, 様 樣, 権 權, 横 橫, 欠 缺, 歩 步, 残 殘, 殺 殺, 穀 穀, 毎 每, 気 氣, 海 海, 浅 淺, 済 濟, 満 滿, 温 溫, 漢 漢, 灯 燈, 焼 燒, 状 狀, 将 將, 独 獨, 発 發, 研 硏, 礼 禮, 社 社, 神 神, 祖 祖, 祝 祝, 視 視, 福 福, 秘 祕, 節 節, 糸 絲, 経 經, 絵 繪, 続 續, 総 總, 練 練, 緑 綠, 縦 縱, 署 署, 者 者, 朗 朗, 脳 腦, 臓 臟, 乱 亂, 辞 辭, 芸 藝, 著 著, 蔵 藏, 薬 藥, 虫 蟲, 装 裝, 覚 覺, 覧 覽, 観 觀, 訳 譯, 証 證, 読 讀, 諸 諸, 豊 豐, 賛 贊, 転 轉, 軽 輕, 辺 邊, 都 都, 郷 鄕, 鉄 鐵, 鉱 鑛, 銭 錢, 録 錄, 関 關, 険 險, 雑 雜, 難 難, 静 靜, 類 類, 駅 驛, 験 驗, 麦 麥, 黄 黃, 黒 黑, 歯 齒
The kyōiku kanji and their Chinese hànzì equivalents
The characters are sorted by the radicals of the Japanese kanji. The two kokuji 働 and 畑, which have no Chinese equivalents, are not listed here. See also the section "Differences in simplification between China and Japan."
Same form in Chinese and Japanese
The following kyōiku kanji are characters of Group 1 (not simplified in both languages, e.g. 田). For characters of Group 2 (same simplification in China and Japan, but a traditional form exists, e.g. 万-萬-万), see "Different forms in Chinese and Japanese."
一 丁 下 三 不 天 五 民 正 平 可 再 百 否 武 夏 中 内 出 本 世 申 由 史 冊 央 向 曲 印 州 表 果 半 必 永 求 九 丸 千 久 少 夫 午 失 末 未 包 年 危 后 兵 我 束 卵 承 垂 刷 重 省 看 勉 七 乳 才 予 事 二 元 亡 六 主 市 交 忘 夜 育 京 卒 商 率 就 人 化 今 仁 付 代 仕 他 令 以 合 全 任 休 件 仲 作 何 位 住 余 低 似 命 使 念 例 供 信 保 便 値 修 借 候 倍 俳 俵 健 停 働 像 先 入 八 分 公 共 弟 並 典 前 益 善 尊 同 周 次 兆 冷 弱 刀 切 別 判 制 券 刻 副 割 力 加 助 努 勇 勤 句 北 疑 十 古 孝 直 南 真 裁 博 上 反 灰 厚 原 台 能 友 収 口 司 右 兄 吸 告 君 味 呼 品 唱 器 四 回 因 困 固 土 去 地 在 寺 均 志 坂 幸 型 城 基 域 喜 境 士 冬 各 夕 外 名 多 大 太 奏 女 好 始 妻 姉 妹 姿 子 存 安 字 守 宅 宇 完 定 官 宙 宗 室 客 宣 家 害 案 容 宮 寄 密 宿 寒 富 察 寸 小 光 常 堂 尺 局 居 屋 展 山 岸 岩 炭 川 工 左 功 己 改 布 希 干 刊 幼 序 店 底 府 度 座 席 庭 康 延 建 式 弓 引 強 形 役 往 径 待 律 徒 得 街 心 快 性 忠 急 恩 情 感 想 成 戸 所 手 打 投 折 技 批 招 持 指 拾 接 推 探 授 提 操 支 政 故 教 救 散 敬 文 新 方 放 旅 族 旗 日 早 明 易 昔 春 星 昨 映 昭 最 量 景 晴 暗 暖 暴 曜 月 木 札 材 村 板 林 松 枚 枝 相 査 染 柱 格 校 根 株 械 植 棒 森 模 歌 止 整 死 列 段 母 毒 比 毛 氏 水 池 汽 法 治 波 油 注 河 泣 沿 泳 洋 活 派 洗 流 消 酒 浴 深 混 清 液 港 測 湖 源 演 潮 激 火 然 照 熟 燃 受 父 片 版 牛 物 牧 特 犬 犯 王 玉 班 理 球 望 生 用 田 男 町 思界 胃 留 略 病 痛 登 白 的 皇 泉 皮 皿 盛 盟 目 具 眼 矢 知 短 石 砂 破 磁 示 祭 禁 利 私 和 委 季 科 秋 秒 移 税 程 穴 究 空 立 童 竹 笑 第 笛 等 答 策 筋 算 管 箱 米 料 粉 精 糖 素 置 罪 羊 美 差 着 群 羽 翌 老 考 耕 耳 取 有 肉 服 肥 背 肺 胸 期 朝 腹 臣 自 息 至 舌 航 船 良 色 花 苦 若 英 芽 草 茶 荷 菜 落 幕 墓 蒸 暮 血 行 衣 初 西 要 票 角 解 言 警 谷 欲 豆 象 赤 走 起 足 路 身 射 返 近 述 送 追 退 逆 迷 通 速 造 道 郡 部 配 酸 番 里 野 防 限 院 降 除 陛 障 集 雨 雪 青 非 悲 面 革 音 章 意 食 首 骨 高
Different forms in Chinese and Japanese
The order is "modern Japanese - traditional Chinese - simplified Chinese," e.g. 両-兩-两. Some characters were simplified the same way in both languages, others were simplified in one language only.
万-萬-万, 両-兩-两, 画-畫-画, 昼-晝-昼, 蚕-蠶-蚕, 悪-惡-恶 , 旧-舊-旧, 師-師-师, 氷-冰-冰, 単-單-单, 巣-巢-巢, 業-業-业, 争-爭-争, 来-來- 来, 東-東-东, 乗-乘-乘, 島-島-岛, 劇-劇-剧, 厳-嚴-严, 願-願-愿, 変-變-变, 裏-裏-里, 仏-佛-佛, 会-會-会, 伝-傳-传, 仮-假-假, 体-體-体, 価-價-价, 舎-舍-舍, 係-係-系, 個-個-个, 倉-倉-仓, 側-側-侧, 備-備-备, 傷-傷-伤, 億-億-亿, 優-優-优, 児-兒-儿, 貧-貧-贫, 興-興-兴, 円-圓-圆, 写-寫-写, 軍-軍-军, 創-創-创, 労-勞-劳, 効-效-效, 動-動-动, 勢-勢-势, 区-區-区, 医-醫-医, 協-協-协, 準-準-准, 幹-幹-干, 点-點-点, 圧-壓-压, 歴-歷-历, 弁-(辨 瓣 辯)-(辨 瓣 辩), 参-參-参, 号-號-号, 員-員-员, 営-營-营, 鳴-鳴-鸣, 団-團-团, 図-圖-图, 囲-圍-围, 国-國-国, 園-園-园, 売-賣-卖, 声-聲-声, 場-場-场, 報-報-报, 塩-鹽-盐, 増-增-增, 処-處-处, 条-條-条, 奮-奮-奋, 婦-婦-妇, 学-學-学, 孫-孫-孙, 実-實-实, 宝-寶-宝, 憲-憲-宪, 専-專-专, 導-導-导, 当-當-当, 県-縣-县, 党-黨-党, 賞-賞-赏, 届-屆-届, 属-屬-属, 層-層-层, 災-災-灾, 順-順-顺, 巻-卷-卷, 帯-帶-带, 帳-帳-帐 , 広-廣-广, 庁-廳-庁, 応-應-应, 庫-庫-库, 張-張-张, 帰-歸-归, 後-後-后, 従-從-从, 術-術-术, 復-復-复, 徳-德-德, 衛-衛-卫, 態-態-态, 慣-慣-惯, 戦-戰-战, 担-擔-担, 拡-擴-扩, 拝-拜-拜, 挙-擧-举, 採-採-采, 捨-捨-舍, 揮-揮-挥, 損-損-损, 数-數-数, 敵-敵-敌, 対-對-对, 断-斷-断, 時-時-时, 晩-晚-晚, 暑-暑-暑, 題 -題 -题, 机-機-机, 栄-榮-荣, 梅-梅-梅, 桜-櫻-樱, 検-檢-检, 楽-樂-乐, 極-極-极, 様-樣-样, 構-構-构, 権-權-权, 横-橫-横, 標-標-标, 機-機-机, 樹-樹-树, 橋-橋-桥, 欠-缺-欠, 歩-步-歩, 残-殘-残, 殺-殺-杀, 穀-穀-谷, 毎-每-毎, 気-氣-气, 決-決-决, 海-海-海, 浅-淺-浅, 済-濟-济, 減-減-减, 満-滿-满, 温-溫-温,測-測-测, 湯-湯-汤, 漢-漢-汉, 漁-漁-渔, 潔-潔-洁, 灯-燈-灯, 無-無-无, 焼-燒-烧,熱-熱-热, 愛-愛-爱, 状-狀-状, 将-將-将, 独-獨-独, 現-現-现, 聖-聖-圣, 異-異-异, 発-發-发, 務-務-务, 研-硏-研, 確-確-确, 礼-禮-礼, 社-社-社, 神-神-神, 祖-祖-祖, 祝-祝-祝,視-視-视, 福-福-福, 秘-祕-秘, 種-種-种, 積-積-积, 窓-窗-窓, 産-産-产, 競-競-竞, 筆-筆-笔, 節-節-节, 築-築-筑, 簡-簡-简, 糸-絲-丝, 約-約-约, 級-級-级, 紅-紅-红, 紀-紀-纪, 紙-紙-纸, 納-納-纳, 純-純-纯, 経-經-经, 組-組-组, 終-終-终, 細-細-细, 結-結-结,絶-絶-绝, 給-給-给, 統-統-统, 絵-繪-绘, 続-續-续, 絹-絹-绢, 総-總-总, 練-練-练, 緑-綠-绿, 綿-綿-绵, 線-線-线, 編-編-编, 縦-縱-纵, 縮-縮-缩, 績-績-绩, 織-織-织, 買-買-买, 署-署-署, 義-義-义, 養-養-养, 習-習-习, 者-者-者, 職-職-职, 書-書-书, 脈-脈-脉, 朗-朗-朗, 脳-腦-脑, 勝-勝-胜, 腸-腸-肠, 臓-臟-脏, 臨-臨-临, 乱-亂-乱, 辞-辭-辞, 芸-藝-芸, 著-著-着, 葉-葉-叶, 夢-夢-梦, 蔵-藏-藏, 薬-藥-药, 虫-蟲-虫, 衆-衆-众, 装-裝-裝, 補-補-补, 製-製-制, 複-複-复, 見-見-见, 規-規-规, 覚-覺-觉, 親-親-亲, 覧-覽-览, 観-觀-观, 計-計-计, 記-記-记, 討-討-讨, 訓-訓-训, 設-設-设, 訳-譯-译, 許-許-许, 訪-訪-访, 証-證-证, 評-評-评, 詞-詞-词, 話-話-话, 試-試-试, 詩-詩-诗, 誠-誠-诚, 語-語-语, 読-讀-读, 説-説-说, 認-認-认, 誤-誤-误, 誌-誌-志, 調-調-调, 論-論-论, 談-談-谈, 課-課-课, 諸-諸-诸, 誕-誕-诞, 講-講-讲, 謝-謝-谢, 識-識-识, 議-議-议, 護-護-护, 豊-豐-丰, 頭-頭-头, 貝-貝-贝, 負-負-负, 則-則-则, 財-財-财, 敗-敗-败, 責-責-责, 貨-貨-货, 費-費-费, 貸-貸-贷, 貴-貴-贵, 貯-貯-贮, 賀-賀-贺, 貿-貿-贸, 資-資-资, 賃-賃-赁, 質-質-质, 賛-贊-赞, 車-車-车, 転-轉-转, 軽-輕-轻, 輪-輪-轮, 輸-輸-输, 農-農-农, 辺-邊-边, 連-連-连, 進-進-进, 週-週-周, 過-過-过, 運-運-运, 達-達-达, 遊-遊-游, 遠-遠-远, 適-適-适, 選-選-选, 遺-遺-遗, 都-都-都, 郷-鄕-乡, 郵-郵-邮, 針-針-针, 鉄-鐵-铁, 鉱-鑛-矿, 銀-銀-银, 銅-銅-铜, 銭-錢-钱, 録-錄-录, 鋼-鋼-钢, 鏡-鏡-镜, 長-長-长, 門-門-门, 問-問-问, 閉-閉-闭, 間-間-间, 開-開-开, 関-關-关, 聞-聞-闻, 閣-閣-阁, 陸-陸-陆, 険-險-险, 隊-隊-队, 階-階-阶, 陽-陽-阳, 際-際-际, 雑-雜-杂, 難-難-难, 雲-雲-云, 電-電-电, 静-靜-静, 頂-頂-顶, 預-預-预, 領-領-领, 顔-顏-颜, 類-類-类, 額-額-额, 風-風-风, 飛-飛-飞, 飲-飲-饮, 飯-飯-饭, 飼-飼-饲, 館-館-馆, 馬-馬-马, 駅-驛-驿, 験-驗-验, 魚-魚-鱼, 鳥-鳥-鸟, 麦-麥-麦, 黄-黃-黄, 黒-黑-黑, 鼻-鼻-鼻, 歯-齒-齿