Corrèze ([kɔ.ʁɛz]; Occitan: Corresa) is a department in south-western France, named after the river Corrèze.
The inhabitants of the department are called Corréziens.
Corrèze is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It includes part of the former province of Limousin (the Bas-Limousin).
The 1851 census recorded a population of 320,866: this remained relatively constant for the rest of the nineteenth century. During the twentieth century, however, Corrèze shared the experience of many of the country's rural departments as the population fell steadily.
Within Corrèze the nineteenth-century railway planners, influenced in part by the department's topography, endowed Brive-la-Gaillarde with good connections and a major junction from which railway lines fanned out in six different directions. The railways arrived in 1860, at an opportune moment, directly after phylloxera had destroyed the local wine industry. The new railways enabled the farms in the area surrounding Brive to specialise in fruits and vegetables which they could now transport rapidly to the larger population centres of central and southern France. Locally, the new agriculture triggered the development, in the Brive basin, of related businesses and industries such as the manufacture of jams and liquors, as well as timber/paper-based packaging businesses.
The department is part of the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. It is surrounded by the departments of Creuse, Haute-Vienne, Cantal, Puy-de-Dôme, Lot, and Dordogne. Tulle is the prefecture of Corrèze and Brive-la-Gaillarde the largest city.
The President of the General Council was François Hollande of the Socialist Party until 2012 when he was elected President of the Republic. Jacques Chirac also served as a Deputy of the National Assembly from here for many years.
People who were born or have significantly lived in Corrèze include:
The House of Noailles, dukes of Noailles and Ayen, which provided three marshals of France, one admiral of France and one archbishop of ParisThe House of La Tour d'Auvergne, viscounts of TurenneBernard de Ventadour (1135–1195), a famous troubadour born at the castle of VentadourPope Clement VI (1291–1352), 198th pope, born Pierre Roger in Rosiers-d'ÉgletonsPope Innocent VI (1295–1362), 199th pope, born Etienne Aubert in BeyssacPope Gregory XI (1329–1378), 201st pope and last French pope, born Pierre Roger de Beaufort in Rosiers-d'EgletonsÉtienne Baluze (1630–1718), scholar and personal librarian of ColbertGuillaume Dubois (1656–1723), cardinal and statesman, Prime Minister of France during the RégenceJean-Baptiste Treilhard (1742–1810), political figure of the French Revolution, member of Committee of Public Safety, president of the Convention that judged and sentenced to death King Louis XVI, member of the Directory and one of the redactors of the Napoleonic codes; he is buried in the PanthéonPierre-André Latreille (1762–1833), zoologist and entomologistGuillaume Marie Anne Brune (1763–1815), marshal of France, marshal of the Empire and godfather of author Alexandre DumasEdmond Perrier (1844-1921): anatomist and zoologistRobert Nivelle (1856–1924), general, commander-in-chief of the French armies on the Western Front in 1917Léon Eyrolles (1861-1945) : entrepreneur and politicianEugène Freyssinet (1879–1962), structural and civil engineer, major pioneer of prestressed concreteIn 1879 Adolphe Clément-Bayard built an iron smelter in Tulle to supply his Parisian cycle manufacturing business, but he did not have sufficient finance to make it viable.Marius Vazeilles (1881-1973): politician and archeologistHenri Queuille (1884–1970), mayor of Neuvic (1912–1965), deputy for Corrèze (1914–1935 and 1946–1958), senator for Corrèze (1935–1941) who refused to vote full powers to Pétain in 1940, three times Prime Minister of France during the Fourth RepublicEdmond Michelet (1899–1970), politician and statesman, who did the first act of resistance of World War II in France by distributing tracts calling to continue the war in all Brive-la-Gaillarde's mailboxes on 17 June 1940, one day before Charles de Gaulle's Appeal of 18 JuneAntoinette Feuerwerker (1912-2003), lawyer and resistance memberDavid Feuerwerker (1912-1980), Rabbi and resistance memberMarie-Thérèse Nguyễn Hữu Thị Lan (1914-1963), the last empress consort of the Nguyễn dynasty in VietnamJean Cazeneuve (1915-2005), philosopher and sociologist, president of the ORTF and of TF1Pierre Neuville (1922– ), author of "Les combats de ma vie" SDE (2013).Jacques Delors (1925– ), economist and politician, 8th President of the European Commission (1985–1994), father of socialist leader Martine AubryAndré Malraux (1901–1976), writer, adventurer and statesman, member of the French Resistance in Corrèze during the Second World WarJean-Joseph Sanfourche, (1929-2010), lived in Brive, poet and painter illustrator French sculptor.Jacques Chirac (1932– ), deputy to the Assemblée Nationale for Corrèze (1967–1995), President of the departement's General Council (1970–1979), Prime Minister of France (1974–1976 and 1986–1988), Mayor of Paris (1977–1995) and 22nd President of the French Republic (1995–2007)Bernadette Chirac (1933– ), member of the departement's General Council and aide to the mayor of SarranFrançois Hollande (1954– ), deputy for Corrèze (1988–1993 and 1997–2012), mayor of Tulle (2001–2008), President of the department's General Council (2008–2012), leader of the Socialist Party (1997–2008), 24th and current President of the French Republic (2012– )Pierre Tornade (1930-2012), actor born in Bort-les-Orgues.Rose Warfman (1916- ), resistance memberEric Rohmer (1920–2010), film directorMarcel Conche (1922– ), philosopherHenri Magne (1953-2006), born in Brive-la-Gaillarde, twice winner of the Paris-Dakar rally.Max Mamers (1943), born in Objat, racing driver two times champion of France of rallycross, organizer of the Andros Trophy and the Paris-Corrèze.Jean Ségurel (1908-1978), born and died in Chaumeil, accordionist, composer and conductor.Patrick Sébastien (1953), born in Brive-la-Gaillarde, a man of television, singer.Pierre Villepreux (1943- ) rugby playerDenis Tillinac (1947- ) author and journalistMarie-Anne Montchamp (1957– ), politician, former Secretary of State for Solidarities and Social Cohesion (2010–2012)Valérie Pécresse (1967– ), politician, former Minister of Higher Education and Research (2007–2011), former Minister of the Budget and Government's Spokeswoman (2011–2012)Jean Charbonnel (1927-2014), MP for Corrèze (1962-1978 and 1986-1993), minister and mayor of Brive-la-Gaillarde (1966-1995).René Teulade (1931-2014) member of the SenateJean-Marie Soubira (1969-2015), born in Brive-la-Gaillarde, rugby player XV to become coach.Varg Vikernes (1973– ) Norwegian black metal and dark ambient musician, sole member of BurzumCédric Villani (1973– ), mathematician, Fields Medalist in 2010Cédric Heymans (1978– ), French international rugby union playerDimitri Yachvili (1980– ), French international rugby union playerLaurent Koscielny (1985– ) footballer who plays for Arsenal in the Premier LeagueThomas Domingo (1985– ), French international rugby union player
