Country India District South 24 Parganas Assembly constituency Satgachia Elevation 8 m Population 214,531 (2011) | State West Bengal Parliamentary constituency Diamond Harbour Time zone IST (UTC+5.30) Area 81.71 km² Area code 03174 | |
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Bishnupur II is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Alipore Sadar subdivision of South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Contents
Land reforms
During 1946-1950 the Tebhaga movement in several parts of the 24 Parganas district led to the enactment of the Bargadari Act. Although the Bargadari Act of 1950 recognised the rights of bargadars to a higher share of crops from the land that they tilled, it was not implemented. Large tracts, beyond the prescribed limit of land ceiling, remained with the rich landlords. In 1967, West Bengal witnessed peasant uprising, against non-implementation of land reforms legislation, starting from Kheyadaha gram panchayat in Sonarpur CD Block. From 1977 onwards major land reforms took place in West Bengal under the Left Front government. Land in excess of land ceiling was acquired and distributed amongst the peasants. Subsequently, “Operation Barga” was aimed at securing tenancy rights for the peasants. In Bishnupur II CD Block 111.03 acres of land was acquired and vested. Out of this 84.81 acres or 76.88% of the vested land was distributed. The total number of patta holders was 424.
Location
Khagramuri, a constituent panchayat of Bishnupur II block, is located at 22°25′46″N 88°14′15″E.
Bishnupur II CD Block is bounded by Thakurpukur Mahestala CD Block in the north, Bishnupur I CD Block in the east, Falta and Magrahat I CD Blocks in the south and Budge Budge I and Budge Budge II CD Blocks in the west.
It is located 18 km from Alipore, the district headquarters.
Area and administration
Bishnupur II CD Block has an area of 81.71 km2. Bishnupur police station serves this CD Block. Bishnupur I panchayat samity has 11 gram panchayats. The block has 61 inhabited villages. Headquarters of this block is at Bakhrahat.
Topography
South 24 Parganas district is divided into two distinct physiographic zones: the marine-riverine delta in the north and the marine delta zone in the south. As the sea receded southwards, in the sub-recent geological period, a large low-lying plain got exposed. Both tidal inflows and the rivers have deposited sediments in this plain. The periodical collapse of both the natural levees and man-made embankments speed up the process of filling the depressions containing brackish water wetlands. The marine delta in the south is formed of interlacing tidal channels. As non-saline water for irrigation is scarce, agriculture is monsoon-dominated. Some parts of the wetlands are still preserved for raising fish.
Gram panchayats
Gram panchayats of Bishnupur II block/panchayat samiti are Bakrahat, Chakenayetnagar, Chandi, Gobindapur Kalicharanpur, Kanganberia, Khagramuri, Mahazari, Moukhali, Panchanan, Pathberia Joychandipur and Ramkrishnapur Borhanpur.
Population
As per 2011 Census of India Bishnupur II CD Block had a total population of 214,531, of which 138,979 were rural and 75,552 were urban. There were 109,603 (51%) males and 104,928 (49%) females. Population below 6 years was 23,351. Scheduled Castes numbered 33,378 and Scheduled Tribes numbered 87.
As per 2001 census, Bishnupur II block had a total population of 190,616, out of which 98,027 were males and 92,589 were females. Bishnupur II block registered a population growth of 14.87% during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for South 24 Parganas district was 20.89%. Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84%. Scheduled castes at 33,282 formed around one-sixth the population. Scheduled tribes numbered 1,452.
Census towns and large villages
Census towns in Bishnupur II CD Block (2011 census figures in brackets) are Nahazari (17,422), Nadabhanga (5,927), Kanganbaria (6,657), Bora Gagangohalia (5,274), Chanddandaha (5,656), Barkalikapur (4,650), Patharberia (4,698), Ramkrishnapur (5,971), Amtala (8,765), Kriparampur (3,778) and Chak Enayetnagar (6,754).
Large villages in Bishnupur CD Block (2011 census figures in brackets) are Khagramuri (5,734), Joychandipur (4,541), Gobindapur (5,588), Sultanganja (4,486), Borahanpur (7,218), Gangarampur (4,016), Enayetnagar (4,617), Mirpur (4,676) and Chandi (13,332).
Literacy
As per 2011 census the total number of literates in Bishnupur II CD Block was 155,554 (81.37% of the population over 6 years) out of which 84,495 (54%) were males and 71,059 (46%) were females.
As per 2011 census, literacy in South 24 Parganas district was 77.51%. Literacy in West Bengal was 77.08% in 2011. Literacy in India in 2011 was 74.04%.
As per 2001 census, Bishnupur II block had a total literacy of 73.42% for the 6+ age group. While male literacy was 81.77% female literacy was 64.54%. South 24 Parganas district had a total literacy of 69.45%, male literacy being 79.19% and female literacy being 59.01%.
See also – List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate
Language
Bengali is the local language in these areas.
Religion
In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 132,844 and formed 61.92% of the population in Bishnupur II CD Block. Muslims numbered 80,651 and formed 37.60% of the population. Others numbered 1,036 and formed 0.48% of the population.
In the 2011 census, Hindus numbered 5,155,545 and formed 63.17% of the population in South 24 Parganas district. Muslims numbered 2,903,075 and formed 35.57% of the population. In West Bengal Hindus numbered 64,385,546 and formed 70.53% of the population. Muslims numbered 24,654,825 and formed 27.01% of the population.
Health
Certain areas of South 24 Parganas district have been identified where ground water is affected by arsenic contamination. High levels of arsenic in ground water were found in twelve blocks of the district. Water samples collected from tubewells in the affected places contained arsenic above the normal level (10 micrograms per litre as specified by the World Health Organisation). The affected blocks are Baruipur, Bhangar I, Bhangar II, Bishnupur I, Bishnupur II, Basanti, Budge Budge, Canning I, Canning II, Sonarpur, Mograhat II and Joynagar.
Human Development Report
According to the South 24 Parganas district Human Development Report it is an overwhelmingly rural district with 85% of the population living in rural areas. An analysis of the district’s population shows that 33% of the district’s population belongs to Scheduled Castes. While 65.86% of people are Hindus, 33.24% are Muslims. 86% of the population resided in the 29 CD Blocks. In 2005, more than 4 lakh households were identified as living below poverty line, pushing the poverty ratio in the district to 34.11%, far above the state and national poverty ratios.
Bishnupur II CD Block has a poverty ratio of 10.82% of the households in 2005. In standard of living it ranked third amongst all the 29 blocks. In infrastructure development it was eighth amongst all CD Blocks. In Bishnupur II, 39.44% households have access to electricity. The length of surfaced roads is 4.82 km per km2 area. The number of bank branches is 0.48 per 10,000 population. In Bishnupur II, 43.28% of rural households are engaged as daily/ agricultural/ other physical labour, 6.5% are culivators, 14.9% are self-employed rural artisans/ hawkers, 16.91% are engaged in labour oriented regular jobs in the unorganised sector, and 18.41% are engaged in the organised sector or work as professionals.
As per 1991 census, while male literacy rate was 70.81% female literacy was 46.28% and there was a gender gap of 24.58% in Bishnupur II. The CD Blocks are gradually catching up with the municipalities in matters of literacy. In 2006, Bishnupur II had 23 secondary and higher secondary schools. 19 of them did not have computer facilities.
In 2006, in Bishnupur II for 78 villages there were 26 health sub-centres and two rural hospital/public health centres having 25 beds, with seven medical officers, six nurses, 39 health assistants and five pharmacists and technicians. 56.4% of the 250 habitations in Bishnupur II CD Block had access to safe drinking water (including tube wells and tap water), 35.6% habitations were partly covered and 8.0% habitations not covered.