Women in Love (film)

Plot

The film takes place in 1920, in the Midlands mining town of Beldover. Two sisters, Ursula and Gudrun Brangwen, discuss marriage on their way to the wedding of Laura Crich, daughter of the towns wealthy mine owner, Thomas Crich, to Tibby Lupton, a naval officer. At the villages church, each sister is fascinated by a particular member of the wedding party – Gudrun by Lauras brother, Gerald, and Ursula by Geralds best friend, Rupert Birkin. Ursula is a school teacher and Rupert is a school inspector; she remembers his visit to her classroom, interrupting her botany lesson to discourse on the sexual nature of the catkin.

The four are later brought together at a house party at the estate of Hermione Roddice, a rich woman whose relationship with Rupert is falling apart. When Hermione devises, as entertainment for her guests, a dance in the "style of the Russian ballet", Rupert becomes impatient with her pretensions and tells the pianist to play some ragtime. This sets off spontaneous dancing among the whole group and angers Hermione. She leaves. When Birkin follows her into the next room, she smashes a glass paperweight against his head, and he staggers outside. He discards his clothes and wanders through the woods. Later, at the Criches annual picnic, to which most of the town is invited, Ursula and Gudrun find a secluded spot, and Gudrun dances before some Highland cattle while Ursula sings "Im Forever Blowing Bubbles". When Gerald and Rupert appear, Gerald calls Gudruns behaviour "impossible and ridiculous", and then says he loves her. "Thats one way of putting it", she replies. Ursula and Birkin wander away discussing death and love. They make love in the woods. The day ends in tragedy when Laura and Tibby drown while swimming in the lake.

During one of Gerald and Ruperts discussions, Rupert suggests Japanese-style wrestling. They strip and wrestle in the firelight. Rupert enjoys their closeness and says they should swear to love each other, but Gerald cannot understand Ruperts idea of wanting to have an emotional union with a man as well as an emotional and physical union with a woman. Ursula and Birkin decide to marry while Gudrun and Gerald continue to see each other. One evening, emotionally exhausted after his fathers illness and death, Gerald sneaks into the Brangwen house to spend the night with Gudrun in her bed, then leaves at dawn.

Later, after Ursula and Birkins marriage, Gerald suggests that the four of them go to the Alps for Christmas. At their inn in the Alps, Gudrun irritates Gerald with her interest in Loerke, a gay German sculptor. An artist herself, Gudrun is fascinated with Loerkes idea that brutality is necessary to create art. While Gerald grows increasingly jealous and angry, Gudrun only derides and ridicules him. Finally, he can endure it no longer. After attempting to strangle her, he trudges off into the snow to die. Rupert and Ursula and Gudrun return to their cottage in England where he grieves for his dead friend. As Ursula and Rupert discuss love, Ursula says there cant be two kinds of love. She asks, "Why should you?"

"It seems as if I cant," Rupert responds, "yet I wanted it."

Production

The plan for the film adaptation of Lawrences novel came from Silvio Narizzano, who had directed the successful Georgy Girl (1966). He suggested the idea to Larry Kramer, who then bought the books film rights. Narizzano, intended as director, had to leave the project after suffering a series of personal setbacks. He divorced his wife for a man who died soon after.

Kramer originally commissioned a screenplay from David Mercer. Mercers adaptation differed too much from the original book and he was bought out of the project. Ultimately, Kramer himself wrote the script. After Narizzanos departure, Kramer considered a number of directors to take on the project, including Jack Clayton, Stanley Kubrick and Peter Brook, all of whom declined. Kramers fourth choice was Ken Russell, who had previously directed only two films and was better known then for his biographical projects about artists for the BBC. Ken Russell committed to the project and made important contributions to the script.

According to producer Larry Kramer the film came in under budget.

Casting

Alan Bates, who had the leading male role in Georgy Girl, was interested from the start in the role of Birkin, D.H. Lawrences alter ego. Bates sported a beard, giving him a physical resemblance to D.H. Lawrence.

Kramer wanted Edward Fox for the role of Gerald. Fox fitted Lawrences description of the character ("blond, glacial and Nordic"), but United Artists, the studio financing the production, imposed Oliver Reed, a more bankable star, as Gerald even though he was not physically like Lawrences description of the character.

Kramer was adamant to give the role of Gudrun to Glenda Jackson. She was, then, well recognised in theatrical circles. As a member of the Royal Shakespeare Company she had gained a great deal of attention as Charlotte Corday in Marat/Sade. United Artists was unconvinced, considering her not conventionally beautiful enough for the role of Gudrun, who drives Gerald to suicide. Later on, United Artists executives accepted Jackson as the right person for Gudruns role, as Jackson had the spontaneous and mercurial personality necessary for the part.

The last of the four main roles to be cast was that of Ursula. Both Vanessa Redgrave and Faye Dunaway declined to take the role, finding it the less interesting of the two sisters and that they would be easily eclipsed by Glenda Jacksons acting skills. It was by accident that Russell and Kramer came upon a screen test that Jennie Linden had made opposite Peter OToole for The Lion in Winter, for a part she failed to gain. Kramer and Russell visited her, offering her the role. Linden had recently given birth to her only son and was not eager to take the role but was ultimately persuaded.

The composer Michael Garrett who also contributed to the score can be seen playing the piano in one scene.

Release

Released in Britain in 1969 and the US in 1970, the film was applauded as a good rendering of D.H. Lawrences once controversial novel about love, sex and the upper class in England. During the making of the film, Russell had to work on conveying sex and the sensual nature of Lawrences book. Many of the stars came to understand this was to be a complex piece. No one worked as hard as Oliver Reed, who would do a nude wrestling scene with Alan Bates. He went as far as to persuade (and both literally and physically twist the arm of) director Russell to film the scene. Russell conceded and shot the controversial scene, which suggested the homoerotic undertones of Gerald and Ruperts friendship. The wrestling scene caused the film to be banned altogether in Turkey. Considered the best of Russells films, it led him to adapt Lawrences preceding novel The Rainbow (1989), followed by the 1993 BBC TV miniseries Lady Chatterley.

The film was one of the eight most popular films at the British box office in 1970.