Formed December 20, 2016 | Dissipated December 28, 2016 | |
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Highest winds 10-minute sustained: 195 km/h (120 mph)
1-minute sustained: 260 km/h (160 mph) Lowest pressure 915 hPa (mbar); 27.02 inHg Fatalities 3 confirmed, 21 missing Damage $104.1 million (2016 USD) Date 21 December 2016 – 28 December 2016 Affected areas Philippines, Caroline Islands, Vietnam Similar Typhoon Nina, Typhoon Hagupit, Typhoon Haiyan, Typhoon Wipha, Tropical Depression Auring | ||
Typhoon nock ten ninaph information q a 12 24 2016
Typhoon Nock-ten, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Nina, was the strongest tropical cyclone ever recorded worldwide on Christmas Day (December 25) in terms of 1-minute sustained winds. Forming as a tropical depression southeast of Yap and strengthening into the twenty-sixth tropical storm of the annual typhoon season on December 21, 2016, Nock-ten intensified into the thirteenth typhoon of the season on December 23. Soon afterwards, the system underwent explosive intensification and became a Category 5-equivalent super typhoon early on December 25. Nock-ten weakened shortly before making eight landfalls over the Philippines.
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Typhoon nock ten ninaph update 4 00 00pht 12 26 2016
Meteorological history
On December 20, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) started to monitor a tropical disturbance that had developed to the southeast of Yap. The broad and poorly organized system was being affected by moderate to high vertical wind shear. It was subsequently classified as a tropical depression soon by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), and then the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert early on December 21; soon, the JTWC upgraded the system to a tropical depression, with the designation of 30W, based on improved environmental conditions and an ASCAT image. Late on the same day, when central convection was increasing and consolidating over a defined low-level circulation center (LLCC), both the JMA and the JTWC upgraded it to a tropical storm, with the former assigning the name Nock-ten. One day later, late on December 22, the JMA upgraded the system to a severe tropical storm, and Nock-ten started to form an eye revealed by microwave imagery.
Tracking west-northwestward and then westward along the southern periphery of a deep-layered subtropical ridge, Nock-ten intensified into a typhoon at noon UTC on December 23. Immediately after that, explosive intensification commenced with a sharp eye embedded in a symmetric central dense overcast feature. At 06:00 UTC on December 24, Nock-ten reached its peak intensity with estimated ten-minute maximum sustained winds of 195 km/h (120 mph) and the central pressure at 915 hPa (27.02 inHg); therefore, it was the latest-forming typhoon of such intensity or stronger on record. The JTWC also upgraded Nock-ten to a Category 4-equivalent super typhoon, when the system was in an area of low vertical wind shear, excellent dual-channel outflow, and sea surface temperatures of 29 ºC. Although the eye became cloud-filled in the afternoon, it cleared again again late on the same day and while the JMA did not raise its intensity estimate further, the JTWC did so.
On December 25, the JTWC reported that the Dvorak technique analyses at 03:00 UTC from "all reporting agencies" indicated a T-number of 7.0; therefore, the JTWC added a non-synoptic entry to the operational best track for that time, indicating one-minute maximum sustained winds of 260 km/h (160 mph), equivalent to Category 5 on the Saffir-Simpson scale. However, land interaction soon impacted the typhoon, as its convective cloud tops had become warmer. Later, Nock-ten made landfall over the Philippines eight times: Catanduanes at 18:30 PST (10:30 UTC) and Sagñay, Camarines Sur at 21:30 PST (13:30 UTC) on December 25; San Andres, Quezon at 02:00 PST (18:00 UTC), Torrijos, Marinduque at 04:30 PST (20:30 UTC), Verde Island, Batangas at 09:15 PST (01:15 UTC), Tingloy, Batangas at 10:10 PST (02:10 UTC), Calatagan, Batangas at 11:40 PST (03:40 UTC), and Lubang Island, Occidental Mindoro at 13:00 PST (05:00 UTC) on December 26.
The eight landfalls significantly eroded Nock-ten, and the structure became much more asymmetric and ragged. Thus, when Nock-ten emerged into the South China Sea early on December 26, it had weakened into a minimal typhoon. Subsequently, although Nock-ten’s structure briefly improved, it was downgraded to a severe tropical storm by the JMA and a tropical storm by the JTWC early on December 27, as its LLCC had started to become exposed. Poleward outflow was no longer offsetting the effects of strong vertical wind shear, leading to rapid weakening. After the JMA downgraded the system to a tropical storm at 09:00 UTC, Nock-ten further weakened to a tropical depression late on the same day. Influenced by a Northeast Monsoon surge, the system accelerated southwestward, and convection was unable to develop over the fully exposed LLCC due to high vertical wind shear and colder dry air. The JTWC issued its final warning for the system early on December 28, and the tropical depression dissipated in the afternoon.
Preparations and impact
Nock-ten made eight landfalls in the Philippines. According to the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC), as of December 27 (PST), a total of 87,059 families were preemptively evacuated in CALABARZON, MIMAROPA, Bicol, and Eastern Visayas region.
As of January 2, 2017, a total of 3 people have been reported dead. The National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC), however, reported only 3 dead, though damages have been reported up to ₱5.18 billion (US$104.1 million).
Retirement
PAGASA has announced that the name Nina will be removed from their naming lists because it had caused over ₱1 billion in damages. On January 17, 2017, PAGASA chose the name Nika to replace Nina for the 2020 season. During the 49th annual session of the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee during 2017, they announced that the name Nock-ten will be removed from the naming lists. A replacement name will be chosen in February 2018.