Great Britain was divided into military districts on the outbreak of war with France in 1793. By the 1830s the command included the counties of Kent and Sussex (the original Southern District during the Napoleonic Wars) as well as Bedfordshire, Northamptonshire, Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire (the original South Inland District) and Hampshire, Wiltshire and Dorset (the original South-West District) and Gloucestershire, Worcestershire and Herefordshire (the original Severn District).
The role of South-West District Commander, which was doubled hatted with that of Lieutenant-Governor of Portsmouth, was originally based at Government House in Grand Parade in Portsmouth. This building became very dilapidated and a new Government House was established in the High Street in Portsmouth in 1826. In January 1876 a ‘Mobilization Scheme for the forces in Great Britain and Ireland’ was published, with the ‘Active Army’ divided into eight army corps based on the District Commands. 5th Corps was to be formed within Southern Command, based at Salisbury. This scheme disappeared in 1881, when the districts were retitled ‘District Commands. A third Government House, which was built in red brick on Cambridge Road in Portsmouth, was completed in 1882.
The 1901 Army Estimates introduced by St John Brodrick allowed for six army corps based on six regional commands. As outlined in a paper published in 1903, II Corps was to be formed in a reconstituted Southern Command, with HQ at Salisbury Plain. Lieutenant General Sir Evelyn Wood was appointed acting General Officer Commanding-in-Chief (GOCinC) of Southern Command on 1 October 1901. Southern Command was initially based at Tidworth Camp.
At the end of 1914, Lieutenant General Sir Horace Smith-Dorrien, the GOCinC, left Southern Command to form II Corps in France, and Lieutenant General William Campbell was placed in command.
In 1939 regular troops reporting to Southern Command included 1st Armoured Division, based at Andover, and 3rd Infantry Division, based at Bulford. Other Regular Troops reporting to Southern Command at war time included:
8th Royal Tank Regiment9th Field Regiment, Royal Artillery6th/23rd Field Battery, 12th Field Regiment, Royal Artillery3rd Medium Regiment, Royal Artillery4th Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery1st Survey Regiment, Royal Artillery2nd Survey Regiment, Royal Artillery2nd Searchlight Regiment, Royal ArtilleryThe command moved to Erskine Barracks near Fugglestone St Peter in Wiltshire in 1949. It was merged into HQ UK Land Forces (HQ UKLF) in 1972.
General Officers Commanding-in-Chief
GOCs and GOCinCs have included:
General Officer Commanding South-West District
1793 - 1796 Colonel Thomas Trigge1796 - 1799 Lieutenant-General Cornelius CuylerFebruary 1799 - June 1799 Major-General Thomas Murray1799 - 1804 Major-General John Whitelocke1804 - 1805 Colonel Hildebrand OakesJune 1805 - December 1805 Major-General Hon. John Hope1805 - 1808 Major-General Sir George Prevost1808 - 1813 Major-General Arthur WhethamMay 1813 - July 1813 Lieutenant-General Hon. Thomas MaitlandJanuary 1814 -September 1814 Major-General William Houston1814 - 1819 Major-General Kenneth Alexander HowardAugust 1819 - October 1819 Major-General Sir James Kempt1819 - 1821 Major-General Sir George Cooke1821 - 1828 Major-General Sir James Lyon1828 - 1834 Major-General Sir Colin Campbell1834 - 1839 Major-General Sir Thomas McMahon1839 - 1846 Major-General Sir Hercules Robert Pakenham1847 - 1851 Lieutenant-General Lord Frederick FitzClarence1851 - 1852 Major-General Sir George D'Aguilar1852 - 1855 Major-General Sir James Simpson1855 - 1857 Major-General Henry William Breton1857 - 1860 Lieutenant-General the Hon. Sir James Scarlett1860 - 1865 Major-General Lord William PauletGeneral Officer Commanding Southern District
1865 - 1870 Lieutenant-General Sir George Buller1870 - 1874 General Viscount Templetown1874 - 1877 General Sir Charles Hastings Doyle1877 - 1878 General Sir John Garvock1878 - 1884 General Prince Edward of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach1884 - 1889 General Sir George Willis1889 - 1890 General the Hon. Sir Leicester Smyth1890 - 1893 Lieutenant-General the Duke of Connaught and Strathearn1893 - 1898 Major General Sir John Davis1898 - 1903 Lieutenant General Sir Baker Creed Russell1903 - 1904 Major General Robert MontgomeryCommander Second Army Corps
In 1901 Second Army Corps was formed, with South East District at Dover, Southern District at Portsmouth and Western District at Devonport under command.
1901 - 1904 Lieutenant General Sir Evelyn WoodGeneral Officer Commanding-in-Chief Southern Command
1905 - 1909 Lieutenant General Sir Ian Hamilton1909 - 1912 Lieutenant General Sir Charles Douglas1912 - 1914 Lieutenant General Sir Horace Smith-Dorrien1914 - 1916 Lieutenant General Sir William Campbell1916 - 1919 Lieutenant General Sir Henry Sclater1919 - 1922 Lieutenant General Sir George Harper1923 - 1924 Lieutenant General Sir Walter Congreve1924 - 1928 Lieutenant General Sir Alexander Godley1928 - 1931 Lieutenant General Sir Archibald Montgomery-Massingberd1931 - 1933 Lieutenant General Sir Cecil Romer1933 - 1934 Lieutenant General Sir Percy Radcliffe1934 - 1938 Lieutenant General Sir John Burnett-Stuart1938 - 1939 Lieutenant General Sir Archibald WavellJuly 1939 - August 1939 Lieutenant General Sir Alan BrookeSeptember 1939 - June 1940 Lieutenant General Sir Bertie FisherJune 1940 - July 1940 Lieutenant General Sir Alan BrookeJuly 1940 - November 1940 Lieutenant General Sir Claude AuchinleckDecember 1940 - February 1942 Lieutenant General Sir Harold AlexanderMarch 1942 - February 1944 Lieutenant General Sir Charles LoydFebruary 1944 - February 1945 Lieutenant General Sir William MorganMarch 1945 - June 1945 Lieutenant General Sir Sidney Kirkman1945 - 1947 Lieutenant General Sir John Crocker1947 - 1948 Lieutenant General Sir John Harding1949 - 1952 Lieutenant General Sir Ouvry Roberts1952 - 1955 Lieutenant General Sir Ernest Down1955 - 1958 Lieutenant General Sir George Erskine1958 - 1961 Lieutenant General Sir Nigel Poett1961 - 1963 Lieutenant General Sir Robert Bray1964 - 1966 Lieutenant General Sir Kenneth Darling1966 - 1968 Lieutenant General Sir Geoffrey Baker1968 Lieutenant General Sir John Mogg1968 - 1969 Lieutenant General Sir David Peel Yates1969 - 1971 Lieutenant General Sir Michael Carver1971 - 1972 Lieutenant General Sir Basil Eugster
