The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to wine:
Wine – alcoholic beverage typically made of fermented grape juice. The natural chemical balance of grapes is such that they can ferment without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes or other nutrients. Wine is produced by fermenting crushed grapes using various types of yeast. Yeast consumes the sugars found in the grapes and converts them into alcohol. Different varieties of grapes and strains of yeasts are used depending on the type of wine being produced.
Drink – liquid which is specifically prepared for human consumption. In addition to fulfilling a basic need, drinks form part of the culture of human society.
Alcoholic beverage – a beverage containing alcohol.
Wine includes the following ingredients:
Ethanol – the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages. It is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid. It is also a psychoactive drug and one of the oldest recreational drugs.
Fermented grape juice – what wine is made from
Fermentation – catalyst function that turns grape juice into an alcoholic beverage. During fermentation yeast interact with sugars in the juice to create ethanol, commonly known as ethyl alcohol.
Grape – non-climacteric fruit that grows on the perennial and deciduous woody vines of the genus Vitis. Grapes can be eaten raw or used for making jam, juice, jelly, vinegar, wine, grape seed extracts, raisins, and grape seed oil.
Juice – the liquid that is naturally contained in fruit or vegetable tissue.
Aromatized wine
Dessert wine –
Fortified wine –
Fruit wine –
Ice wine –
Mead –
Orange wine –
Red wine –
Rosé –
Sparkling wine –
Straw wine –
Table wine –
White wine –
Below are some examples of grape varieties from which wine is made, arranged by variety:
Chardonnay –
Chenin blanc –
Gewürztraminer –
Muscat –
Riesling –
Sauvignon blanc –
Cabernet Franc –
Cabernet Sauvignon –
Merlot –
Pinot noir –
Syrah/Shiraz –
Airén
Albariño –
Aligoté –
Arneis –
Assyrtiko –
Auxerrois
Colombard
Falanghina
Furmint –
Friulano
Garganega –
Glera
Godello
Greco
Grüner Veltliner –
Inzolia
Kerner
Loureiro
Malvasia
Marsanne –
Moschofilero
Müller-Thurgau –
Palomino
Pecorino
Pedro Ximénez
Pinot blanc –
Pinot gris/Pinot grigio –
Piquepoul
Macabeo/Viura
Rhoditis
Ribolla Gialla –
Rondinella
Roussanne –
Scheurebe
Sémillon
Silvaner –
Torrontés –
Treixadura
Ugni blanc/Trebbiano –
Verdejo –
Verdicchio –
Vermentino –
Viognier –
Welschriesling
Xarel·lo
Agiorgitiko
Aglianico –
Baco noir
Barbera –
Blauburger
Blaufränkisch –
Bobal –
Brachetto
Carignan –
Carmenère –
Cesanese Comune
Chambourcin
Chasselas
Cinsaut –
Corvina –
Dolcetto –
Douce noir/Charbono/Bonarda
Frappato –
Gamay –
Grenache/Garnacha –
Gaglioppo
Graciano
Gros Manseng
Lagrein –
Lambrusco
Malbec –
Mencía –
Montepulciano
Mourvèdre/Monastrell/Mataro –
Nebbiolo –
Negroamaro –
Négrette
Nero d'Avola –
Nerello
Petite sirah/Durif –
Petit verdot –
Pinot Meunier –
Pinotage –
Poulsard –
Ruché
Sagrantino –
Sangiovese –
Schiava
St. Laurent –
Tannat –
Tempranillo –
Tibouren
Touriga Nacional –
Trepat
Trousseau
Uhudler –
Xinomavro
Zinfandel/Primitivo –
Zweigelt –
Wine by country and region
Argentina
Mendoza – Prominent for Malbec, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Tempranillo
San Juan – Argentina's second largest wine producer, with Syrah, Bonardo, sherry-style wines, brandies, and vermouth.
La Rioja – The small region produces Moscatel de Alexandrias and Torrontés made from a local sub-variety known as Torrontés Riojano.
Northwestern regions –
Patagonia – The source for much of Argentina's sparkling wine
Australia
New South Wales –
South Australia –
Tasmania –
Victoria –
Western Australia –
Queensland –
Chile
Central Valley –
France
Alsace –
Bordeaux –
Burgundy –
Champagne –
Corsica –
Jura –
Languedoc-Roussillon –
Loire –
Provence –
Rhône –
Savoy –
South West –
Alsace Grand Cru AOC(France) –
American Viticultural Areas –
ονομασία προελεύσεως ελεγχομένη (Greece) –
Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (France) –
Australian Geographical Indications –
Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855 (France) –
Classification of Graves wine (France) –
Classification of Saint-Émilion wine (France) –
Denominação de Origem Controlada (Portugal) –
Denominación de Origen (Spain) –
Denominazione di Origine Controllata (Italy) –
Districtus Austria Controllatus –
Label Integrity Program or LIP (Australia) –
List of Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée wines (France) –
Protected Designation of Origin (European Union) –
Qualitätswein bestimmter Anbaugebiete (Germany) –
Vintners Quality Assurance (Canada) –
Wine of Origin (South Africa) –
Wine professions and qualifications
Vintner –
Master of Wine –
Winemaker –
Court of Master Sommeliers
Types of wine packages
Box and bag –
Jug –
Bottle –
Wine label –
Trends and impacts
Globalization of wine –
Global warming and wine –
Winery –
Vineyard –
Viticulture –
Annual growth cycle of grapevines –
Ripeness in viticulture –
Winemaking –
Harvest –
Mechanical harvesting –
Pressing (wine)
Wine press – device used to extract juice from crushed grapes during wine making.
History of the wine press
Must – freshly pressed fruit juice (usually grape juice) that contains the skins, seeds, and stems of the fruit.
Pomace – solid remains of grapes, olives, or other fruit after pressing for juice or oil. It contains the skins, pulp, seeds, and stems of the fruit. In winemaking, the length of time that the pomace stays in the juice is critical for the final character of the wine.
Fermentation –
Co-fermentation –
Maceration –
Malolactic fermentation –
Oak in wine production –
Storage of wine –
Aging of wine –
Wine competitions –
Wine tasting –
Blind tasting of wine –
Vertical and horizontal wine tasting –
Christianity and wine –
Cocktails with wine, sparkling wine, or port –
Comité Régional d'Action Viticole –
Cult wines –
Drinking culture –
Dionysus –
Alcohol equivalence –
Wine and health
Alcohol –
Short-term effects of alcohol –
Alcohol intoxication –
Alcohol and sex –
Blood alcohol content –
Long-term effects of alcohol –
Alcohol dementia –
Alcohol and cancer –
Alcohol and cardiovascular disease –
Alcohol and weight –
Alcoholism –
Alcohol abuse –
Alcohol dependence –
Alcohol withdrawal syndrome –
Fetal alcohol syndrome –
Recommended maximum intake of alcoholic beverages –
French Paradox –
Phenolic compounds in wine –
Polyphenol antioxidant –
Resveratrol –
Red wine headache –
History of wine
Ancient Greece and wine – The ancient Greeks pioneered new methods of viticulture and wine production which they shared with early winemaking communities in what are now France, Italy, Austria and Russia, as well as others through trade and colonization.
Ancient Rome and wine –
Champagne Riots –
Africa
History of South African wine
Asia
Wine in the Middle East
Europe
History of French wine
History of Bordeaux wine
History of Portuguese wine
History of Spanish wine
History of Rioja wine
History of Sherry
North America
History of American wine
History of California wine
History of Oregon wine production
Organizations and institutions
Academie du Vin –
American Society for Enology and Viticulture –
APCOR (Portugal) –
ASDW Association of Small Direct Wine Merchants (United Kingdom) –
Australian Society of Viticulture and Oenology –
Australian Wine Research Institute –
Comite Interprofessionnel du Vin de Champagne –
Comité Régional d'Action Viticole –
Cool Climate Oenology and Viticulture Institute (Canada) –
Garagistes (France) –
Geilweilerhof Institute for Grape Breeding (Germany) –
Geisenheim Grape Breeding Institute (Germany) –
Institut National des Appellations d'Origine –
L'Academie du Vin –
Missouri Valley Wine Society –
Wine Institute (California) –
Wine Institute of New Zealand –
Wine Research Centre (Canada) –
Wine and Spirit Trade Association (United Kingdom) –
Australian & New Zealand Wine Industry Journal –
Wine Spectator –
Beaujolais Day –
The Berthomeau Report –
Fighting varietals –
Wine Parkerization –
Plan Bordeaux –
Prohibition –
Riesling Trail –
Semi-generic –
Sake –
Super Tuscans –
Temperance movement –
Terroir –
Wine defect –
Oz Clarke –
Antonio Galloni –
James Halliday –
Robert Mondavi –
Robert M. Parker, Jr. –
Jancis Robinson –
Michel Rolland –
Kermit Lynch –
Falcon Crest –
Mondovino –
Sideways –
Wine TV –
Bottle Shock –