Outline of wine

Updated on Dec 09, 2024

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The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to wine:

Wine – alcoholic beverage typically made of fermented grape juice. The natural chemical balance of grapes is such that they can ferment without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes or other nutrients. Wine is produced by fermenting crushed grapes using various types of yeast. Yeast consumes the sugars found in the grapes and converts them into alcohol. Different varieties of grapes and strains of yeasts are used depending on the type of wine being produced.

What type of thing is wine?

Drink – liquid which is specifically prepared for human consumption. In addition to fulfilling a basic need, drinks form part of the culture of human society.

Alcoholic beverage – a beverage containing alcohol.

What is wine made of?

Wine includes the following ingredients:

Ethanol – the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages. It is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid. It is also a psychoactive drug and one of the oldest recreational drugs.

Fermented grape juice – what wine is made from

Fermentation – catalyst function that turns grape juice into an alcoholic beverage. During fermentation yeast interact with sugars in the juice to create ethanol, commonly known as ethyl alcohol.

Grape – non-climacteric fruit that grows on the perennial and deciduous woody vines of the genus Vitis. Grapes can be eaten raw or used for making jam, juice, jelly, vinegar, wine, grape seed extracts, raisins, and grape seed oil.

Juice – the liquid that is naturally contained in fruit or vegetable tissue.

Wine styles

Aromatized wine

Dessert wine –

Fortified wine –

Fruit wine –

Ice wine –

Mead –

Orange wine –

Red wine –

Rosé –

Sparkling wine –

Straw wine –

Table wine –

White wine –

Grape varieties

Below are some examples of grape varieties from which wine is made, arranged by variety:

White

Chardonnay –

Chenin blanc –

Gewürztraminer –

Muscat –

Riesling –

Sauvignon blanc –

Red

Cabernet Franc –

Cabernet Sauvignon –

Merlot –

Pinot noir –

Syrah/Shiraz –

White

Airén

Albariño –

Aligoté –

Arneis –

Assyrtiko –

Auxerrois

Colombard

Falanghina

Furmint –

Friulano

Garganega –

Glera

Godello

Greco

Grüner Veltliner –

Inzolia

Kerner

Loureiro

Malvasia

Marsanne –

Moschofilero

Müller-Thurgau –

Palomino

Pecorino

Pedro Ximénez

Pinot blanc –

Pinot gris/Pinot grigio –

Piquepoul

Macabeo/Viura

Rhoditis

Ribolla Gialla –

Rondinella

Roussanne –

Scheurebe

Sémillon

Silvaner –

Torrontés –

Treixadura

Ugni blanc/Trebbiano –

Verdejo –

Verdicchio –

Vermentino –

Viognier –

Welschriesling

Xarel·lo

Red

Agiorgitiko

Aglianico –

Baco noir

Barbera –

Blauburger

Blaufränkisch –

Bobal –

Brachetto

Carignan –

Carmenère –

Cesanese Comune

Chambourcin

Chasselas

Cinsaut –

Corvina –

Dolcetto –

Douce noir/Charbono/Bonarda

Frappato –

Gamay –

Grenache/Garnacha –

Gaglioppo

Graciano

Gros Manseng

Lagrein –

Lambrusco

Malbec –

Mencía –

Montepulciano

Mourvèdre/Monastrell/Mataro –

Nebbiolo –

Negroamaro –

Négrette

Nero d'Avola –

Nerello

Petite sirah/Durif –

Petit verdot –

Pinot Meunier –

Pinotage –

Poulsard –

Ruché

Sagrantino –

Sangiovese –

Schiava

St. Laurent –

Tannat –

Tempranillo –

Tibouren

Touriga Nacional –

Trepat

Trousseau

Uhudler –

Xinomavro

Zinfandel/Primitivo –

Zweigelt –

Wine by country and region

Argentina

Mendoza – Prominent for Malbec, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Tempranillo

San Juan – Argentina's second largest wine producer, with Syrah, Bonardo, sherry-style wines, brandies, and vermouth.

La Rioja – The small region produces Moscatel de Alexandrias and Torrontés made from a local sub-variety known as Torrontés Riojano.

Northwestern regions –

Patagonia – The source for much of Argentina's sparkling wine

Australia

New South Wales –

South Australia –

Tasmania –

Victoria –

Western Australia –

Queensland –

Chile

Central Valley –

France

Alsace –

Bordeaux –

Burgundy –

Champagne –

Corsica –

Jura –

Languedoc-Roussillon –

Loire –

Provence –

Rhône –

Savoy –

South West –

Classification Systems

Alsace Grand Cru AOC(France) –

American Viticultural Areas –

ονομασία προελεύσεως ελεγχομένη (Greece) –

Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (France) –

Australian Geographical Indications –

Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855 (France) –

Classification of Graves wine (France) –

Classification of Saint-Émilion wine (France) –

Denominação de Origem Controlada (Portugal) –

Denominación de Origen (Spain) –

Denominazione di Origine Controllata (Italy) –

Districtus Austria Controllatus –

Label Integrity Program or LIP (Australia) –

List of Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée wines (France) –

Protected Designation of Origin (European Union) –

Qualitätswein bestimmter Anbaugebiete (Germany) –

Vintners Quality Assurance (Canada) –

Wine of Origin (South Africa) –

Wine professions and qualifications

Vintner –

Master of Wine –

Winemaker –

Court of Master Sommeliers

Wine packaging

Types of wine packages

Box and bag –

Jug –

Bottle –

Wine label –

Trends and impacts

Globalization of wine –

Global warming and wine –

Wine production

Winery –

Vineyard –

Viticulture –

Annual growth cycle of grapevines –

Ripeness in viticulture –

Winemaking –

Harvest –

Mechanical harvesting –

Pressing (wine)

Wine press – device used to extract juice from crushed grapes during wine making.

History of the wine press

Must – freshly pressed fruit juice (usually grape juice) that contains the skins, seeds, and stems of the fruit.

Pomace – solid remains of grapes, olives, or other fruit after pressing for juice or oil. It contains the skins, pulp, seeds, and stems of the fruit. In winemaking, the length of time that the pomace stays in the juice is critical for the final character of the wine.

Fermentation –

Co-fermentation –

Maceration –

Malolactic fermentation –

Oak in wine production –

Storage of wine –

Aging of wine –

Wine selecting

Wine competitions –

Wine tasting –

Blind tasting of wine –

Vertical and horizontal wine tasting –

Wine in culture

Christianity and wine –

Cocktails with wine, sparkling wine, or port –

Comité Régional d'Action Viticole –

Cult wines –

Drinking culture –

Dionysus –

Alcohol equivalence –

Wine and health

Alcohol –

Short-term effects of alcohol –

Alcohol intoxication –

Alcohol and sex –

Blood alcohol content –

Long-term effects of alcohol –

Alcohol dementia –

Alcohol and cancer –

Alcohol and cardiovascular disease –

Alcohol and weight –

Alcoholism –

Alcohol abuse –

Alcohol dependence –

Alcohol withdrawal syndrome –

Fetal alcohol syndrome –

Recommended maximum intake of alcoholic beverages –

French Paradox –

Phenolic compounds in wine –

Polyphenol antioxidant –

Resveratrol –

Red wine headache –

History of wine

By period

Ancient Greece and wine – The ancient Greeks pioneered new methods of viticulture and wine production which they shared with early winemaking communities in what are now France, Italy, Austria and Russia, as well as others through trade and colonization.

Ancient Rome and wine –

Champagne Riots –