Izumi Province (和泉国, Izumi no kuni) was a province of Japan. It is also referred to as Senshū (泉州?). It lay in Kinai, and its area today composes the south-western part of Osaka Prefecture (south of the Yamato River; not including the city of Osaka itself). The Ōshōji in Sakai was the border with Settsu Province, until the beginning of the Meiji period, when the boundary was changed to be at the Yamato River. Izumi was classified as a lower province in the Engishiki.
The northern part was called Senboku (泉北?, "Izumi North"), and the southern part Sennan (泉南?, "Izumi South"). Izumi included the southern portion of the large seaport of Sakai, and was usually held by whomever ruled Osaka Castle and Settsu Province.
The name "Izumi" means "fountain" or "spring" (泉), but is written with two characters, the character for "peace" (和) being prepended due to an imperial edict in 713. This character does not play into the reading.
Because the provincial capital was in modern Fuchū town, Izumi city, Osaka Prefecture, the city adopted the name of the province as its name.
According to the Shoku Nihongi, the Izumi and Hine districts were separated from Kawachi Province on 23 April 716; moreover, on 8 May that same year, the Ōtori District was also separated from Kawachi, and the three districts constructed Izumi-gen (和泉監?). The imperial villa of Chinu Palace (茅渟宮, Chinu no Miya, also known as Izumi Palace) was in Izumi, and it seems that this has something to do with the unusual classification of gen (監?): Yoshino-gen was the only other province with this designation. Afterwards, on 15 September 740, it was abolished and merged back into Kawachi province. On 30 May 757, it was re-established with a normal province designation kuni (国).
According to the Nihongi Ryaku, on 21 April 825, the four Settsu Province districts of Higashinari, Nishinari, Kudara, and Sumiyoshi were incorporated into Izumi Province, but the residents were opposed to it, so they were restored to Settsu on 8 August the same year.
In the Edo period, Kishiwada Domain (Koide tozama, Matsudaira/Matsui fudai, Okabe fudai; 30000–60000 koku) and Hakata Domain (Watanabe fudai; 13500 koku) were established.
Sometime in 1870 or 1871 (the beginning of the Meiji era), the boundary with Settsu Province was changed to the Yamato River (it was formerly the roads of Ōshōji and Nagao Kaidō).
The provincial capital was in the Izumi District, which is now around Fuchū, Izumi. The ruins of its buildings are being excavated.
The shugo's residence was right by the capital, but it was transferred to Sakai in the Muromachi period.
Shrines and temples
The only grand shrine was Ōtori Shrine in Ōtori District (Ōtorikita, Sakai), ranking among the Myōjin Taisha; it also became Izumi Province’s primary shrine. The secondary shrine was Izumi-Anashi Shrine (Toyonaka, Izumiōtsu); the tertiary shrine was Hijiri Shrine (Ōji, Izumi), the quaternary Tsugawa Shrine (Tsugawa, Kishiwada), and the quinary Hine Shrine (Hineno, Izumisano). However, Hine Shrine was listed as the quaternary shrine in a 1501 document. The sōja was the Five Shrine Sōja complex at Izumi-Inoue Shrine in the capital, where the kami of the above five shrines were also enshrined.
The provincial temple was Fukutoku-ji (Kokubu, Izumi). It was only for monks, there was no temple available for nuns.
1196–1203 – Sahara Yoshitsura1207–1221 – Emperor Go-Toba’s share1221–1248 – The Henmi clan1249–1261 – Hōjō Shigetoki1279–1300 – Hōjō Tokimura1313–1315 – Hōjō Hiroaki1315–1333 – Hōjō Shigetoki1336–1337 – Hatakeyama Kunikiyo1337–1347 – Hosokawa Akiuji1347–1349 – Kō no Moroyasu1349–1351 – Hatakeyama Kunikiyo1351–1352 – Hosokawa Akiuji1352–1359 – Hosokawa Nariuji1359–1360 – Hatakeyama Kunikiyo1360–1361 – Hosokawa Nariuji1369–1378 – Kusunoki Masanori1378–1391 – Yamana Ujikiyo1392–1399 – Ōuchi Yoshihiro1400–1403 – Nishiki Yoshikazu1407–1408 – The Oku clan1408–1411 – Hosokawa Yorinaga1408–1448 – Hosokawa Motoyuki1411–1438 – Hosokawa Mochiari1438–1450 – Hosokawa Kiyoharu1448–1483 – Hosokawa Mochihisa1450–1480 – Hosokawa Tsuneari1480–1500 – Hosokawa Motoari1487–1495 – Hosokawa Katsunobu1500–1508 – Hosokawa Mototsune / Hosokawa Masahisa1513–1523 – The Hosokawa clan1523–1531 – Hosokawa Kurō1523–? – Hosokawa Gorō1536–1554 – Hosokawa MototsuneTachibana no MichisadaKakizaki KageieTōdō Takatora – First generation feudal lord of Tsu Domain in Ise Province.Tōdō Takatsugu – Second generation feudal lord of Tsu Domain in Ise Province.Tōdō Takahisa – Third generation feudal lord of Tsu Domain in Ise Province.Tōdō Takachika – Fourth generation feudal lord of Tsu Domain in Ise Province.Tōdō Takatoshi – Fifth generation feudal lord of Tsu Domain in Ise Province.Tōdō Takahora – Seventh generation feudal lord of Tsu Domain in Ise Province.Tōdō Takanaga – Eighth generation feudal lord of Tsu Domain in Ise Province.Tōdō Takasato – Ninth generation feudal lord of Tsu Domain in Ise Province.Tōdō Takasawa – Tenth generation feudal lord of Tsu Domain in Ise Province.Tōdō Takayuki – Eleventh generation feudal lord of Tsu Domain in Ise Province.Matsudaira Ienori – Lord of Iwamura Domain in Mino Province.Matsudaira Norinaga – Lord of Iwamura Domain in Mino Province, Hamamatsu Domain in Tōtōmi Province, and Tatebayashi Domain in Kōzuke Province; Rōjū.Matsudaira Norihisa – Lord of Tatebayashi Domain in Kōzuke Province and first generation Ōgyū Matsudaira feudal lord of Karatsu Domain in Hizen Province.Matsudaira Noriharu – Second generation Ōgyū Matsudaira feudal lord of Karatsu Domain in Hizen Province.Matsudaira Norisato – Third generation Ōgyū Matsudaira feudal lord of Karatsu Domain in Hizen Province. Lord of Toba Domain in Shima Province, Kameyama Domain in Ise Province, Yodo Domain in Yamashiro Province, and Sakura Domain in Shimōsa Province. Rōjū。Matsudaira Norisuke – Lord of Sakura Domain in Shimōsa Province, Yamagata Domain in Dewa Province, and first generation Ōgyū Matsudaira feudal lord of Nishio Domain in Mikawa Province.Matsudaira Norisada – Second generation Ōgyū Matsudaira feudal lord of Nishio Domain in Mikawa Province.Matsudaira Norihiro – Third generation Ōgyū Matsudaira feudal lord of Nishio Domain in Mikawa Province.Matsudaira Noriyasu – Fourth generation Ōgyū Matsudaira feudal lord of Nishio Domain in Mikawa Province and Rōjū.Matsudaira Noritsune – Fifth generation Ōgyū Matsudaira feudal lord of Nishio Domain in Mikawa Province.Tōyama Tomomasa – Fourth generation feudal lord of Naeki Domain in Mino Province.Tōyama Tomonaka – Seventh generation feudal lord of Naeki Domain in Mino Province.Tōyama Tomokiyo – Ninth generation feudal lord of Naeki Domain in Mino Province.Enomoto TakeakiOsaka PrefectureHine District (日根郡)Izumi District (和泉郡)Minami District (南郡)Ōtori District (大鳥郡)Part of the area of Sumiyoshi District of Settsu Province (from the South Yamato River) was added into Ōtori District.Senboku District (泉北郡) – merger of Ōtori and Izumi Districts; creating a district that covered the former northern part of Izumi Province on April 1, 1896Sennan District (泉南郡) – merger of Minami and Hine Districts; creating a district that covered the former southern part of Izumi Province on April 1, 1896
