The Italo-Dalmatian languages, or Central Romance languages, are a group of Romance languages of Italy, Corsica, and, formerly, region of Dalmatia in Croatia.
Italo-Dalmatian can be split into:
Italo-Romance, which includes most central and southern Italian languages.Dalmatian Romance, which includes Dalmatian and Istriot.The generally accepted four branches of the Romance languages are Western Romance, Italo-Dalmatian, Sardinian and Eastern Romance. But there are other ways that the languages of Italo-Dalmatian can be classified in these branches:
Italo-Dalmatian is sometimes included in Eastern Romance (which includes Romanian), leading to: Western, Sardinian, and Eastern branches.Italo-Dalmatian is sometimes included in Western Romance (which includes the Gallic and Iberian languages) as Italo-Western, leading to: Italo-Western, Sardinian, and Eastern branches.Italo-Romance is sometimes included in Italo-Western, with Dalmatian Romance included in Eastern Romance, leading to: Italo-Western, Sardinian, and Eastern branches.Corsican (from Italo-Dalmatian) and Sardinian are sometimes included together as Southern Romance, or Island Romance, leading to: Western, Italo-Dalmatian, Southern, and Eastern branches.Based on mutual intelligibility, Dalby lists four languages: Corsican, Tuscan, Napolitan–Sicilian, and Dalmatian.
The Dalmatian language was spoken in the Dalmatia region of Croatia. It became extinct in the 19th century.The Istriot, spoken on the Istrian peninsula of Croatia, Slovenia, and Italy.The Tuscan language includes Standard Italian and various forms of Regional Italian.The Corsican language is related to Tuscan and has the dialects of Gallurese and Sassarese.The Central Italian languages, or Latin-Umbrian-Marchegian, include the varieties of Romanesco and Marchigiano.Neapolitan language is spoken in Central-Southern Italy.The Campanian dialect is spoken in the southern part of Lazio and in the region of Campania.The Abruzzese dialect.The Apulian dialect.The Northern Calabrian–Lucanian dialect.The Molisan dialect.The Italian of the Far South:The Sicilian language is spoken in Sicily; central and southern Calabria; in Roccagloriosa and Rofrano; and in the Salento peninsula of southern Apulia.The Venetian language is sometimes added to Italo-Dalmatian when it is excluded from Gallo-Italic, and then usually grouped with Istriot.Judeo-Italian languages are varieties of Italian used by Jewish communities, between the 10th and the 20th centuries, in Italy, Corfu and Zante.
Italo-Romance languages and dialects
There are four main groups of Central-Southern (Centro-Meridionale) Italian dialects or languages:
Tuscan-Corsican: group of dialects spoken in the Italian region of Tuscany, and the French island of Corsica.Northern Tuscan dialects:Florentine is spoken in the city of Florence, and was the basis for Standard Italian.Other dialects: Pistoiese; Pesciatino or Valdinievolese; Lucchese; Versiliese; Viareggino; Pisano-Livornese.Southern Tuscan dialects:Dialects of Aretino-Chianaiolo, Senese, Grossetano.Corsican, spoken on Corsica, is thought to be descended mainly from Tuscan.Gallurese and Sassarese, spoken on the northern tip of Sardinia, can be considered as dialects of Corsican.Central Italian, or Latin-Umbrian-Marchegian dialects: mainly spoken in the regions of: Lazio (which includes Rome); Umbria; central Marche; a small part of Abruzzo and Tuscany.Romanesco, spoken in Rome and Lazio.Castelli Romani: spoken in the Castelli Romani, in the Provence of Rome, Lazio.Tuscia or Viterbo: spoken in the Province of Viterbo, Lazio.Ciociaro: spoken in Ciociaria, in the Province of Frosinone, Lazio.Umbrian: spoken in Umbria.Central Marchigiano: spoken in central Marche.Sabino: spoken in the city of L'Aquila (Abruzzo) and the Province of Rieti (Lazio).Southern Italian, or the Neapolitan language, is spoken in: southern Marche; southern Lazio; Abruzzo; Molise; Campania (including Naples); Basilicata; and the north of both Apulia and Calabria.Campano dialects of Neapolitan, Irpino, Southern Laziale: spoken in Naples and Campania; and southern Lazio.Abruzzese-Southern Marchigiano: spoken in the Abruzzo region and southern Marche region.Molisan: spoken in the Molise region.Basilicatine (Lucanian): spoken in the region of Basilicata, also known as Lucania.Pugliese, or Apulian: spoken in the northern region of Apulia.Cosentino, also known as or Northern Calabrian: spoken in the Province of Cosenza, in northern Calabria.Lu indialett di lu Uašt Spoken in the town of Vasto.Extreme Southern Italian, or the Sicilian language, is spoken on the island of Sicily; and in the south of both Calabria and Apulia; and some of Campania.Sicilian, spoken on the island of Sicily: Western Sicilian; Central Metafonetica; Southeast Metafonetica; Ennese; Eastern Nonmetafonetica; Messinese.Sicilian dialects on other islands: Isole Eolie, on the Aeolian Islands; Pantesco, on the island of Pantelleria.Calabro, or Central-Southern Calabrian: dialects are spoken in the central and southern areas of the region of Calabria.Salentino, spoken in the Salento region of southern Apulia.Southern Cilentan: spoken in Roccagloriosa and Rofrano in southern tip of Cilento, which is southern Province of Salerno, in the Campania region.In addition, some Gallo-Italic languages are spoken in Central-Southern Italy.
