The Gifford Lectures are an annual series of lectures which were established by the will of Adam Lord Gifford (died 1887). They were established to "promote and diffuse the study of natural theology in the widest sense of the term — in other words, the knowledge of God." A Gifford lectures appointment is one of the most prestigious honors in Scottish academia. The lectures are given at several Scottish universities: University of St Andrews, University of Glasgow, University of Aberdeen and University of Edinburgh. They are normally presented as a series over an academic year and given with the intent that the edited content be published in book form. A number of these works have become classics in the fields of theology or philosophy and the relationship between religion and science.
1896–98 James Ward Naturalism and Agnosticism
1898–00 Josiah Royce The World and the Individual
1901-02 William James The Varieties of Religious Experience
1907-1908 Hans Driesch The Science and Philosophy of the Organism
1911–13 Andrew Seth Pringle-Pattison The Idea of God in the light of Recent Philosophy
1914–15 William Ritchie Sorley Moral Values and the Idea of God
1927-28 Alfred North Whitehead Process and Reality
1930–32 Etienne Gilson The Spirit of Medieval Philosophy
1936–38 Karl Barth The Knowledge of God and the Service of God according to the Teaching of the Reformation
1939–40 Arthur Darby Nock Hellenistic Religion - The Two Phases
1949–50 Gabriel Marcel The Mystery of Being ISBN 1-890318-85-X, Faith and Reality ISBN 1-890318-86-8
1951–52 Michael Polanyi Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-Critical Philosophy, ISBN 0-226-67288-3
1953–54 Paul Tillich Systematic Theology (3 vols.): ISBN 0-226-80337-6, ISBN 0-226-80338-4, ISBN 0-226-80339-2
1963, 1965 Alister Hardy The Living Stream, The Divine Flame
1965–1967 Raymond Aron La Conscience historique dans la pensée et dans l'action
1973 Hannah Arendt Life of the Mind
1982–84 Richard Swinburne The Evolution of the Soul, ISBN 0-19-823698-0
1984–85 Freeman Dyson Infinite In All Directions, ISBN 0-06-072889-2
1989–91 Ian Barbour Religion in an Age of Science, ISBN 0-06-060383-6
1992–93 Jaroslav Pelikan Christianity and Classical Culture: The Metamorphosis of Natural Theology in the Christian Encounter With Hellenism, ISBN 0-300-06255-9
1994–95 John W. Rogerson Faith and Criticism in the Work of William Robertson Smith, 1846-1894
1994–95 M. A. Stewart New Light and Enlightenment
1994–95 Peter Jones Science and Religion before and after Hume
1994–95 James H. Burns The Order of Nature
1994–95 Alexander Broadie The Shadow of Scotus
1997–98 Russell Stannard The God Experiment
2000–01 John S. Habgood The Concept of Nature
2003–04 John Haldane Mind, Soul and Deity
2003 Eleonore Stump Wandering in the Darkness
2007 Stephen Pattison Seeing Things: Deepening Relations with Visual Artefacts, ISBN 978-0-334-04149-8
2009 Alister McGrath A Fine-Tuned Universe: The Quest for God in Science and Theology, ISBN 978-0-664-23310-5
2012 Sarah Coakley Sacrifice Regained: Evolution, Cooperation and God
2014 David N. Livingstone Dealing with Darwin: Place, Politics and Rhetoric in Religious Engagements with Evolution
1891 George Gabriel Stokes Natural Theology
1900–02 William James The Varieties of Religious Experience, ISBN 0-679-64011-8 (several editions in print)
1909–10 William Warde Fowler The Religious Experience of the Roman People, ISBN 0-8154-0372-0
1911–12 Bernard Bosanquet The Principle of Individuality and Value, ISBN 0-527-10036-6
1913–14 Henri Bergson The Problem of Personality
1915–16 William Mitchell Ramsay Asianic Elements in Greek Civilization, ISBN 0-89005-173-9
1919–21 George Stout Mind and Matter pub. 1931
1921–23 Andrew Seth Pringle-Pattison Studies in the Philosophy of Religion, ISBN 0-404-60474-9
1923–25 James George Frazer The Worship of Nature ISBN 1-56459-532-3
1926–27 Arthur Eddington The Nature of the Physical World, ISBN 0-472-06015-5
1927–28 Alfred North Whitehead Process and Reality: An Essay in Cosmology, ISBN 0-02-934570-7
1928–29 John Dewey The Quest for Certainty: A Study of the Relation of Knowledge and Action, ISBN 1-4179-0845-9
1934–35 Albert Schweitzer The Problem of Natural Theology and Natural Ethics (unpublished)
1937–38 Charles Sherrington Man on His Nature, ISBN 0-521-06436-8
1938–40 Reinhold Niebuhr The Nature and Destiny of Man: A Christian Interpretation , (2 vol set): ISBN 0-664-25709-7
1947–49 Christopher Dawson part 1:Religion and Culture ISBN 0-404-60498-6 part 2: Religion and the Rise of Western Culture (1950) ISBN 0-385-42110-9
1949–50 Niels Bohr Causality and Complementarity: Epistemological Lessons of Studies in Atomic Physics, ISBN 1-881987-14-0
1952–53 Arnold J. Toynbee An Historian's Approach to Religion, ISBN 0-19-215260-2
1954–55 Rudolf Bultmann History and Eschatology: The Presence of Eternity, ISBN 0-8371-8123-2
1961–62 John Baillie The Sense of the Presence of God
1973–74 Owen Chadwick The Secularisation of the European Mind in the 19th Century, ISBN 0-521-39829-0
1974–76 Stanley Jaki The Road of Science and the Ways to God, ISBN 0-226-39145-0
1978–79 Sir John Eccles The Human Mystery, The Human Psyche, ISBN 0-387-09954-9
1979-80 Ninian Smart "The Varieties of Religious Identity", published as Beyond Ideology: Religion and the Future of Western Civilisation, ISBN 0-06-067402-4
1980–81 Seyyed Hossein Nasr Knowledge and the Sacred, ISBN 0-7914-0177-4
1981–82 Iris Murdoch Metaphysics as a Guide to Morals, ISBN 0-14-017232-7
1983-84 David Daiches God and the Poets, ISBN 0-19-812825-8
1984–85 Jurgen Moltmann God in Creation: A New Theology of Creation and the Spirit of God, ISBN 0-8006-2823-3
1985-86 Paul Ricoeur "Oneself as another", ISBN 0-226-71329-6
1986–87 John Hick An Interpretation of Religion, (2nd ed.): ISBN 0-300-10668-8
1987–88 Alasdair MacIntyre Three Rival Versions of Moral Enquiry: ISBN 0-7156-2337-0
1988–89 Raimon Panikkar Trinity and Theism: ISBN 978-1-57075-855-3
1989–90 Mary Douglas Claims on God: published (much revised) as In the Wilderness: ISBN 1-85075-444-6
1993–94 John Polkinghorne Science and Christian Belief: Theological Reflections of a Bottom-up Thinker, ISBN 0-281-04714-6
1995–96 G. A. Cohen If you're an Egalitarian, how come you're so Rich?, published by Harvard University Press under the same title: ISBN 0-674-00693-3
1996–97 Richard Sorabji Emotions and How to Cope with Them, published as Emotion and Peace of Mind: From Stoic Agitation to Christian Temptation, ISBN 0-19-825005-3
1997–98 Holmes Rolston III Genes, Genesis and God, ISBN 0-521-64674-X
1998–99 Charles Taylor, Living in a Secular Age, published as A Secular Age: ISBN 0-674-02676-4
1999–2000 David Tracy This side of God
2000–01 Onora O'Neill Autonomy and Trust in Bioethics
2001–02 Mohammed Arkoun Inaugurating a Critique of Islamic Reason
2002–03 Michael Ignatieff The Lesser Evil: Political Ethics in an Age of Terror, ISBN 0-691-11751-9
2003–04 J. Wentzel van Huyssteen Alone in the World? Human Uniqueness in Science and Theology, ISBN 0-8028-3246-6
2004–05 Dame Margaret Anstee, Stephen Toulmin, and Noam Chomsky, delivering a series of lectures dedicated to Edward Said who was scheduled to give the 2004–05 series before his death in 2003.
2005–06 Jean Bethke Elshtain Sovereign God, Sovereign State, Sovereign Self
2006–07 Simon Conway Morris Darwin 's Compass: How Evolution Discovers the Song of Creation and Jonathan Riley-Smith The Crusades and Christianity
2007–08 Alexander Nehamas "Because it was he, because it was I": Friendship and Its Place in Life
2008 Robert M. Veatch, Hipprocratic, Religious and Secular Medical Ethics: The Point of Conflict
2008–09 Diana Eck The Age of Pluralism [April–May 2009]
2009–10 Michael Gazzaniga Mental Life [October 2009]
2009–10 Terry Eagleton The God Debate [March 2010]
2010–11 Peter Harrison Science, Religion and the Modern World, published as The Territories of Science and Religion ISBN 978-0226184487, Gordon Brown The Future of Jobs and Justice
2011–12 Diarmaid MacCulloch Holme's Dog: Silence in the History of the Church, Jim Al-Khalili Alan Turing: Legacy of a Code Breaker
2013 Bruno Latour "Once Out of Nature" - Natural Religion as a Pleonasm
2012-13 Steven Pinker, The Better Angels of Our Nature: A History of Violence and Humanity
2013-14 Baroness Onora O'Neill From Toleration to Freedom of Expression
2013-14 Lord Rowan Williams of Oystermouth Making representations: religious faith and the habits of language
2013-14 Justice Catherine O'Regan "What is Caesar's?" Adjudicating faith in modern constitutional democracies
2014-15 Professor Jeremy Waldron One Another's Equals: The Basis of Human Equality
2016-17 Professor Jeffrey Stout
1888–92 Friedrich Max Müller 1888: Natural Religion vol. 1 & 2; 1890: Physical Religion; 1891: Anthropological Religion: 1892: Theosophy or Psychological Religion
1892–96 John Caird The Fundamental Ideas of Christianity Vol.1&2
1896–98 Alexander Balmain Bruce The Moral Order of the World, The Providential Order of the World
1910-12 John Watson The Interpretation of Religious Experience
1914 Arthur Balfour Theism and Humanism ISBN 1-58742-005-8
1916–18 Samuel Alexander Space, Time, and Deity, volume one: ISBN 0-7661-8701-2, volume two: ISBN 0-7661-8702-0
1922 Arthur Balfour Theism and Thought
1927–28 J. B. S. Haldane The Sciences and Philosophy, ISBN 0-404-60479-X
1932–34 William Temple Nature, Man and God
1952–54 John Macmurray The Form of the Personal vol 1: The Self as Agent ISBN 1-57392-337-0 vol 2: Persons in Relation ISBN 1-57392-625-6
1959 Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker The Relevance of Science
1965 Herbert Butterfield Historical Writing and Christian Beliefs and Human Beliefs and the Development of Historical Writing
1970 Richard William Southern The Rise and Fall of the Medieval System of Religious Thought
1974-76 Basil Mitchell Morality, Religious and Secular
1985 Carl Sagan The Search for Who We Are, published in 2006 as The Varieties of Scientific Experience: A Personal View of the Search for God, ISBN 1-59420-107-2
1986 Donald M. MacKay Behind the Eye
1988 Don Cupitt Nature and Culture
1988 Richard Dawkins Worlds in Microcosm
1992 Mary Warnock Imagination and Understanding, published as Imagination and Time, ISBN 0-631-19019-8
1993–94 Keith Ward Religion and Revelation ISBN 978-0-19-826375-3
1995–96 Geoffrey Cantor and John Hedley Brooke Reconstructing Nature
1997–98 R J (Sam) Berry Gods, Genes, Greens and Everything
1999–00 Ralph McInerny Characters in Search of Their Author
2001 Lynne Baker The Nature and Limits of Human Understanding
2003–04 Simon Blackburn Reason's Empire
2005 John E. Hare
2007–08 David Fergusson Religion and Its Recent Critics published as Faith and Its Critics: A Conversation, ISBN 978-0-19-956938-0
2008–09 Charles Taylor The Necessity of Secularist Regimes [May 2009]
2009–10 Gianni Vattimo The End of Reality
2012 Vilayanur Ramachandran Body and Mind: Insights from Neuroscience
2014 Jean-Luc Marion Givenness and Revelation
2015 Perry Schmidt-leukel Interreligious Theology: The Future Shape of Theology
2016 Sean M. Carroll The Big Picture: On the Origins of Life, Meaning, and the Universe Itself
St Andrews
1902–04 Richard Haldane The Pathway to Reality, ISBN 0-404-60459-5
1917–18 William R. Inge The Philosophy of Plotinus, ISBN 1-59244-284-6
1919–20 Lewis Richard Farnell Greek Hero Cults and Ideas of Immortality
1921–22 C. Lloyd Morgan Emergent Evolution (1923) ISBN 0-404-60468-4, and Life, Mind, and Spirit (1925)
1926-28 Alfred Edward Taylor "The faith of a moralist, The Theological Implications of Morality; Natural Theology and the Positive Religions" (1930)
1936–37 Werner Jaeger The Theology of the Early Greek Philosophers (1936)
1955–56 Werner Heisenberg Physics and Philosophy: The Revolution in Modern Science, ISBN 1-57392-694-9
1962–64 Henry Chadwick Authority in the Early Church
1964–66 John Findlay The Discipline of the Cave (1966), and The Transcendence of the Cave (1967) ISBN 978-0-04-111002-9
1967–69 Robert Charles Zaehner Concordant Discord. The Interdependence of Faiths. Oxford: Clarendon Press 1970.
1972–73 Alfred Ayer The Central Questions of Philosophy, ISBN 0-03-013116-2
1975–77 Reijer Hooykaas Fact, Faith and Fiction in the Development of Science
1977–78 David Stafford-Clark Myth, Magic and Denial
1980–81 Gregory Vlastos Socrates: Ironist and Moral Philosopher
1982–83 Donald Geoffrey Charlton New Images of the Natural, 1750-1800
1983–84 John Macquarrie In Search of Deity
1984–85 Adolf Grunbaum Psychoanalytic Theory and Science
1986–87 Antony Flew The Logic of Mortality
1988–89 Walter Burkert Tracks of Biology and the Creation of Sense
1990–91 Hilary Putnam Renewing Philosophy
1992–93 Arthur Peacocke Nature, God and Humanity:
1992–93 Roger Penrose The Question of Physical Reality
1995 Nicholas Wolterstorff Thomas Reid and the Story of Epistemology
1996–97 Michael Dummett Thought and Reality
1999 Robert Merrihew Adams God and Being
1999 Marilyn McCord Adams The Coherence of Christology
2001–02 Stanley Hauerwas With the Grain of the Universe: The Church's Witness and Natural Theology, ISBN 1-58743-016-9
2002–03 Peter van Inwagen The Problem of Evil, ISBN 978-0-19-954397-7
2004–05 Alvin Plantinga Science and Religion: Conflict or Concord
2007 Martin Rees 21st Century Science: Cosmic Perspective and Terrestrial Challenges
2010 Roger Scruton The Face of God
Gifford Lectures Wikipedia (Text) CC BY-SA