Supriya Ghosh (Editor)

Dalian dialect

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Native to
  
China

Glottolog
  
None

Region
  
Liaodong Peninsula

Language family
  
Sino-Tibetan Chinese Mandarin Chinese Jiao-Liao Mandarin Dalian dialect

Dalian dialect (Chinese: 大连话, Pinyin: dalian hua, Romaji: Dairen-ben) is a dialect of Mandarin Chinese spoken on the Liaodong Peninsula, including the city of Dalian and parts of Dandong and Yingkou. Dalian dialect shares many similarities with the Qingdao dialect spoken on Shandong Peninsula (Jiaodong Peninsula) across Bohai Strait; hence the name Jiao Liao Mandarin (胶辽官话). Dalian dialect is notable among Chinese dialects for loanwords from Japanese and Russian, reflecting its history of foreign occupation.

Contents

Notable words in the Dalian dialect include 飆 ("foolish") and 熊 ("to cheat or deceive").

The syllables that Mandarin hasn't

  • biǎng (This Chinese character is not made out yet.) -【Prefix】often used in a derogatory term, to emphasize the role of mood
  • piǎ (This Chinese character is not made out yet.) -【Verb】to ridicule sb

    • Erizational vowels

  • "瓦兒" and "碗兒" are different; "歌兒" and "根兒" are different, vowel of "根兒" is a kind of retroflex mid-central vowel.
  • i of "zi, ci, si" is an apical vowel. After erizing, i turns into er, such as "事兒"ser4.
  • The rule of i, u, ü combining with the erizational vowels is the same as the rule of those combining with the basic vowels, so the tabulation of this part is omitted.

    • Tones

    In Dalianese,

  • When Tone No.1 meets another Tone No.1 or Tone No.4 meets Tone No.1, usually the previous tone turns to Tone No.5 and the next tone doesn't change, like “家家戶戶”jia'r5-jia'r1-hur6-hur4, “駕崩”jia5-beng1.
  • When Tone No.1 meets Tone No.4, usually the previous tone doesn't change and the next tone turns to Tone No.6, like “蟋蟀”xi1-suai6 or xi3-suar, “稀碎”xi1-sei6.
  • When Tone No.4 meets another Tone No.4, usually the previous tone turns to Tone No.5 and the next tone turns to Tone No.6, like “畢恭畢敬”bi5-gongr1-bi5-jingr6, “客客氣氣”ke'r4-ke'r-qi5-qi6.
  • Tone No.5 and Tone No.6 are not basic tones, but modulations.

    • Syllabaries

    There are 15 vowels (3 nasal vowels), 15 consonants (1 zero consonant "h"), no affricates ("gh", "kx", "dz", "ts", "bv", "pf") and no entering tone in Dalian dialect. From the first open vowels "a" to the last close vowels "m", there are 366 syllabaries (183 uppercase and 183 lowercase).

    Mandarin: ji, qi, xi = Dalianese: d-ii, t-ii, s-ii

    Mandarin: zhi,chi,shi,ri,zi,ci,si = Dalianese: d-i,t-i,s-i,z-i

    There are no differences between voiced and voiceless consonants in Mandarin and Dalianese, but there is distinction between aspirated and unaspirated consonants in them.

    Mandarin and Dalianese: g[g] = g[k], d[d] = d[t], b[b] = b[p]

    Mandarin and Dalianese: k[gh] = k[kh], t[dh] = t[th], p[bh] = p[ph]

    Old tablation of syllabaries

  • ai = a + i (吖乙), ei = e + i (厄乙), uai = u + ai (五吖乙), ui = u + ei (五厄乙), ie = i + ê (乙欸),
    ao = a + u (吖五), ou = e + u (厄五), iao = i + au (乙吖五), iu = i + eu (乙厄五), üe = ü + oe (于月),
    an = a + n (吖嗯), en = e + n (厄嗯), in = i + n (乙嗯), un = u + n (五嗯), ün = ü + n (于嗯),
    ang = a + ng (吖兀), eng = e + ng (厄兀), ing = i + ng (乙兀), ong = u + ng (五兀), iong = ü + ng (于兀).

    • Grammar

    According to the predicate structure analysis method of the British linguists Ricci, the Dalian dialect is the same as English and Mandarin - the sentence is generally composed of S+V+O, that is subject + predicate + object of the order, but there are special circumstances, such as the older generation of Dalian people will say "Jiǎ zóu ba! Jiǎ zóu ba! (家走吧!家走吧!)" instead of "Húi jiā ba! Húi jiā ba! (回家吧!回家吧!)". At this time, the sentence is not S+V+O, but S+O+V, that is, subject + object + predicate.

  • jiā means "home".
  • zǒu means "go".
  • húi means "go back to".
  • ba means a kind of mood which means "to persuade" or "to urge".

    • Classification

    Dalianese belongs to Da-Xiu Area of Yan Chinese, and there are 2 Subareas in Da-Xiu Area.

  • The dialect of Zhongshan District, Xigang District, Shahekou District, Ganjingzi District, Lüshunkou District and Wafangdian City of Dalian belongs to Da-Wa Subarea;
  • The dialect of Jinzhou District, Pulandian District, Zhuanghe City and Changhai County of Dalian belongs to Chang-Zhuang Subarea.

    • Distribution

  • Peninsulas: Shandong Peninsula, Liaodong Peninsula.
  • Borders: Yalu River, Ussuri River.

    • Bopomofo

  • Consonants: ㄅㄆㄇㄈㄪ, ㄉㄊㄋㄌ, ㄍㄎㄫㄏ, ㄐㄑㄬㄒ, ㄓㄔㄕㄖ, ㄗㄘㄙㄭ.
  • Vowels: ㄚㄛㄜㄝ, ㄞㄟㄠㄡ, ㄢㄣㄤㄥㆲ, ㄦㄧㄨㄩ.

    • References

    Dalian dialect Wikipedia
    (Text) CC BY-SA