Reign 1868 - 1894 Died December 28, 1894, Mysore Name Chamarajendra X | Successor Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV Coronation 23 September 1868 | |
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Spouse Vanivilasa Sannidhana Sri Kempa Nanjammanni Avaru Issue Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV, Kanteerava Narasimharaja Wadiyar, Jayalakshmi Ammani, Krishnaraja Ammani, Chaluvaja Ammani Children Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV, Kanteerava Narasimharaja Wadiyar Parents Krishnaraja Wadiyar III, Sardar Chikka Krishnaraj Urs, Rajkumari Sri Puta Ammani Avaru Grandparents Chamaraja Wodeyar IX, Maharani Kempa Nanja Ammani Avaru Great-grandparents Honnajamma, Chikka Devaraj Urs | ||
Chamarajendra Wadiyar X
Maharaja Sri Sir Chamarajendra Wadiyar X (also known as Chamaraja Wadiyar X) was the ruling Maharaja of Mysore between 1868 and 1894.
Contents
Adoption and accession
Chamarajendra was born at the old palace in Mysore on 22 February 1863, as the third son of Sardar Chikka Krishnaraj Urs, of the Bettada-Kote branch of the ruling clan. His father died about a week before Chamarajendra's birth. His mother, Rajkumari Sri Puta Ammani Avaru, was the eldest daughter of Krishnaraja Wadiyar III, the then Maharaja of Mysore. Following the failure of heirs male, Krishnaraja Wadiyar decided to adopt as heir his grandson, Chamarajendra. This was done on 18 June 1865 and was recognized by the British government of India on 16 April 1867.
Krishnaraja Wadiyar III died on 27 March 1868, and Chamarajendra Wadiyar ascended the throne at the royal palace, Mysore, on 23 September 1868. However, since 1831, the kingdom of Mysore had been under the direct administration of the British Raj, who had deposed Krishnaraja Wadiyar on allegations of misrule. Later, the privy council of the United Kingdom ordered the reversal of the British East India Company's decision to annex Mysore. By the "Rendition of 1881," the princely state of Mysore was reconstitited and restored to the Wadiyar dynasty. Chamarajendra Wadiyar was groomed by the British to take charge of the administration. He was handed the reins of governance, 25 March 1881.
Reign
Chamarajendra Wadiyar was the 23rd Maharaja of Mysore. Although his reign proved to be a brief one, he left an indelible mark on the Kingdom of Mysore and thereby on the present day Indian state of Karnataka.
He instituted the Representative Assembly of Mysore state in 1881. This was the first modern, democratic legislative institution of its kind in princely India. He sponsored the famous journey of Swami Vivekananda to Chicago in 1893. He gave primacy to women's education and founded the Kannada Bashojjivini School. He gave a fillip to the industrialisation of the Kingdom of Mysore by instituting several industrial schools and conducting the annual Dasara Industrial Exhibition. He facilitated the founding of Agricultural Banks to help finance farmers and initiated Life Insurance for government employees.
Many of the most famous landmarks of Mysore and Bangalore owe their existence to him. Prominent among these are:
Patronage
Chamaraja Wadiyar was a great patron of arts and music, his court boasted of artists like Veena Subbanna, Veena Seshanna, K. Vasudevacharya. Veena Padmanabiah, Mysore Karigiri Rao and Bidaram Krishnappa among others.
The Maharaja was a violin virtuoso himself and used to provide accompaniment daily to Veena Subbanna's vocal and Veena Sheshanna's veena performances. His favourite kriti's included "Sujana Jeevana" and "Lavanya Rama." He was also a connaisseur of Javali's (Kritis and Javalis are genres of Carnatic music).
Family
In May 1878, Chamarajendra Wadiyar married Vani Vilasa Sannidhana Kempananja Ammani Avaru, daughter of an Arasu of Kalale, a prominent nobleman of Mysore state. They had four sons and three daughters, of whom the following survived to adulthood:
- Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV, succeeded his father as Maharaja of Mysore.
- Prince Kanteerava Narasimharaja Wadiyar, father of Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar.
- Princess Jayalakshmi Ammani, (1881–1924), married in 1897, her youngest maternal uncle, M. Kantaraj Urs, KCIE, CSI, Diwan of Mysore between 1919–1922. Manasa Gangotri – Post graduate centre of University of Mysore with the Bungalow Jayalakshammani Vilas Mansion was built as her Residence.
- Princess Krishnaraja Ammani, (1883–1904), married in 1896, Col. Desaraja Urs, CIE, MVO, Commander of the Mysore Armed Forces, from the Bagle family of Mogur in Mysore state. The palace known as Karanji Mansion was built for her (currently the Indian Postal Training Centre). They had one son and three daughters. She and her three daughters died of Tuberculosis. Royal family built the Princess Krishnajammanni sanitorium in her memory. Her son Rajkumar C Desaraj Urs married and had three children – Rajkumar Prithviraj Urs (m Shivamala Ghatge had 4 daughters and one son – Yogendra Prithviraj Urs), Col Desaraj Urs and Geeta Devi Urs.
- Princess Chaluvaja Ammani (1886–1936), married in 1900, Sardar M. Lakshmikanta Raj Urs, a nobleman of Mysore state. Cheluvamba Mansion in Mysore, which presently houses the CFTRI, was built as her residence. There is also a maternity hospital and park named after her.
Chamarajndra Wadiyar died of diphtheria, in Calcutta, on 28 December 1894, aged 31. He was succeeded by his 10-year-old son, Krishnaraja Wadiyar IV. His wife, Maharani Kempa Nanjammani Vani Vilasa Sannidhana Avaru, served as regent of Mysore during the minority of their son.