The Ninety-ninth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 1985 to January 3, 1987, during the fifth and sixth years of Ronald Reagan's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Twentieth Census of the United States in 1980. The Republicans maintained control of the Senate, while the Democrats maintained control of the House of Representatives.
January 20, 1985: Ronald Reagan was privately sworn in for a second term as U.S. President (publicly sworn in, January 21).January 28, 1986: Space Shuttle Challenger disaster: Destruction of the shuttle and death of the crew shortly after lift-off.April 15, 1986: Operation El Dorado Canyon: At least 15 people die after United States planes bomb targets in the Libyan capital, Tripoli, and the Benghazi region.October 21, 1986: The Marshall Islands achieved independence from U.S.-administered UN Trusteeship and became an associated state under the Compact of Free Association.November 3, 1986: The Federated States of Micronesia achieved independence from U.S.-administered UN Trusteeship and became an associated state under the Compact of Free Association.November 3, 1986: Iran–Contra affair: The Lebanese magazine Ash-Shiraa reported that the United States has been selling weapons to Iran in secret to secure the release of American hostages held by pro-Iranian groups in Lebanon.November 4, 1986: United States general elections, 1986: Congressional Democrats regained (+8) their Senate majority (55-45), and slightly increased (+5) their House majority (258-177).December 12, 1985: Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Balanced Budget Act) Pub.L. 99–177 (title II)December 17, 1985: Gold Bullion Coin Act of 1985, Pub.L. 99–185April 7, 1986: Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 (COBRA) Pub.L. 99–272 (including Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act)May 19, 1986: Firearm Owners Protection Act, Pub.L. 99–308October 1, 1986: Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986 (Defense Reorganization), Pub.L. 99–433October 2, 1986: Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act, Pub.L. 99–440October 17, 1986: Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act, Pub.L. 99–499 (title III)October 21, 1986: Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986, Pub.L. 99–508October 22, 1986: Tax Reform Act of 1986, Pub.L. 99–514October 27, 1986: Anti-Drug Abuse Act, Pub.L. 99–570October 31, 1986: Age Discrimination in Employment Act, Pub.L. 99–592November 6, 1986: Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (Simpson-Mazzoli Act), Pub.L. 99–603, S. 1200November 17, 1986: Water Resources Development Act of 1986, Pub.L. 99–662President of the Senate: George Bush (R)President pro tempore: Strom ThurmondMajority Leader: Bob DoleMajority Whip: Alan K. SimpsonConference Chairman: John ChafeeRepublican Conference Secretary: Thad CochranNational Senatorial Committee Chair: H. John Heinz IIIPolicy Committee Chairman: William L. ArmstrongMinority Leader: Robert ByrdMinority Whip: Alan CranstonCaucus Secretary: Daniel InouyeCampaign Committee Chairman: George J. MitchellSpeaker: Tip O'Neill (D)Majority Leader: Jim WrightMajority Whip: Tom FoleyChief Deputy Majority Whip: William Vollie Alexander Jr.Democratic Caucus Chairman: Dick GephardtCaucus Secretary: Mary Rose OakarDemocratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Tony CoelhoMinority Leader: Robert H. MichelMinority Whip: Trent LottChief Deputy Whip: Tom LoefflerConference Chair: Jack KempConference Vice-Chair: Lynn Morley MartinConference Secretary: Robert J. LagomarsinoPolicy Committee Chairman: Dick CheneyCampaign Committee Chairman: Guy Vander JagtCongressional Arts CaucusCongressional Automotive CaucusCongressional Black CaucusCongressional Friends of Ireland CaucusCongressional Hispanic CaucusCongressional Pediatric & Adult Hydrocephalus CaucusCongressional Travel & Tourism CaucusCongresswomen's CaucusHouse Democratic CaucusThis list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.
Senators are popularly elected statewide every six years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress.
Lists of committees and their party leaders.
Aging (Special) (Chair: H. John Heinz III)Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry (Chair: Jesse Helms)Appropriations (Chair: Mark Hatfield)Agriculture and Related AgenciesCommerce, Justice, State and JudiciaryDefenseDistrict of ColumbiaEnergy and Water DevelopmentForeign OperationsHUD-Independent AgenciesInteriorLabor-Health, Education and WelfareLegislative BranchMilitary ConstructionTransportationTreasury, Postal Service and General GovernmentArmed Services (Chair: Barry Goldwater)Military ConstructionStrategic and Theater Nuclear ForcesPreparednessSea Power and Force ProjectionManpower and PersonnelDefense Acquisition PolicyBanking, Housing and Urban Affairs (Chair: Jake Garn)Housing and Urban AffairsInternational Finance and Monetary PolicyFinancial Institutions and Consumer AffairsSecuritiesEconomic PolicyBudget (Chair: Pete Domenici)Commerce, Science and Transportation (Chair: John Danforth)AviationBusiness, Trade and TourismCommunicationsConsumerMerchant MarineScience, Technology and SpaceSurface TransportationNational Ocean Policy StudyEnergy and Natural Resources (Chair: James A. McClure)Energy Conservation and SupplyNatural Resources Development and ProductionEnergy Research and DevelopmentWater and PowerPublic Lands, Reserved Water and Resource ConservationEnvironment and Public Works (Chair: Robert Stafford)Environmental PollutionNuclear RegulationWater ResourcesTransportationRegional and Community DevelopmentToxic Substances and Environmental OversightEthics (Select) (Chair: Warren Rudman)Finance (Chair: Bob Packwood)Taxation and Debt ManagementInternational TradeSavings, Pensions and Investment PolicyEconomic Growth, Employment and RevenueEnergy and Agricultural TaxationHealthSocial Security and Income Maintenance ProgramsEstate and Gift TaxationOversight of the Internal Revenue ServiceForeign Relations (Chair: Richard Lugar)Western Hemisphere AffairsInternational Economic Policy, Oceans and EnvironmentAfrican AffairsNear Eastern and South Asian AffairsEuropean AffairsEast Asian and Pacific AffairsGovernmental Affairs (Chair: William V. Roth Jr.)Permanent Subcommittee on InvestigationsGovernmental Efficiency and the District of ColumbiaEnergy, Nuclear Proliferation and Federal ServicesIntergovernmental RelationsCivil Service, Post Office and General ServicesOversight of Government ManagementImpeachment of Harry E. Claiborne (Select) (Chair: Charles Mathias)Indian Affairs (Select) (Chair: Mark Andrews)Judiciary (Chair: Strom Thurmond)Patents, Copyrights and TrademarksCriminal LawConstitutionImmigration and Refugee PolicyCourtsAdministration Practice and ProcedureSecurity and TerrorismJuvenile JusticeIntelligence (Select) (Chair: David Durenberger)Labor and Human Resources (Chair: Orrin Hatch)LaborEducation, Arts and HumanitiesEmployment and ProductivityHandicappedChildren, Family, Drugs and AlcoholismAgingNutrition and Human Needs (Select)Rules and Administration (Chair: Charles Mathias)Security and Cooperation in Europe (Special)Small Business (Chair: Lowell P. Weicker Jr.)Urban and Rural Economic DevelopmentGovernment ProcurementProductivity and CompetitionInnovation and TechnologyExport Promotion and Market DevelopmentSmall Business Family FarmEntrepreneurship and Special Problems Facing Small BusinessVeterans' Affairs (Chair: Frank Murkowski)WholeAging (Select)Agriculture (Chair: Kika de la Garza)Cotton, Rice and SugarLivestock, Dairy and PoultryTobacco and PeanutsWheat, Soybeans and Feed GrainsConservation Credit and Rural DevelopmentDepartment Operations Research and Foreign AgricultureDomestic Marketing, Consumer Relations and NutritionForests, Family Farms and EnergyAppropriations (Chair: Jamie L. Whitten)Agriculture, Rural Development and Related AgenciesCommerce, Justice, State and the JudiciaryDefenseDistrict of ColumbiaEnergy and Water DevelopmentForeign OperationsHUD-Independent AgenciesInteriorLabor-Health and Human ServicesLegislativeMilitary ConstructionTransportationTreasury, Postal Service and General GovernmentArmed Services (Chair: Les Aspin)Military Personnel and CompensationResearch and DevelopmentSeapower, Strategic and Critical MaterialsProcurement and Military Nuclear SystemsInvestigationsReadinessMorale, Welfare and Recreation (MWR) PanelMilitary Installations and FacilitiesBanking, Finance and Urban Affairs (Chair: Fernand St. Germain)Financial Institutions Supervision, Regulation and InsuranceHousing and Community DevelopmentConsumer Affairs and CoinageDomestic Monetary PolicyInternational Finance, Trade and Monetary PolicyGeneral Oversight and RenegotiationEconomic StabilizationInternational Development Institutions and FinanceBudget (Chair: William H. Gray)Defense and International AffairsEconomic PolicyBudget ProcessState and Local GovernmentHuman ResourcesCommunity and Natural ResourcesHealthIncome SecurityChildren, Youth and Families (Select)District of Columbia (Chair: Ron Dellums)Fiscal Affairs and HealthGovernment Operations and Metropolitan AffairsJudiciary and EducationEducation and Labor (Chair: Augustus F. Hawkins)Elementary, Secondary and Vocational EducationPostsecondary EducationHealth and SafetyLabor-Management RelationsLabor StandardsHuman ResourcesSelect EducationEmployment OpportunitiesEnergy and Commerce (Chair: John Dingell)Oversight and InvestigationsHealth and the EnvironmentTelecommunications, Consumer Protection and FinanceFossil and Synthetic FuelsCommerce, Transportation and TourismEnergy Conservation and PowerForeign Affairs (Chair: Dante Fascell)Arms Control, International Security and ScienceEurope and the Middle EastHuman Rights and International OrganizationsInternational Economic Policy and TradeAsian and Pacific AffairsInternational OperationsWestern Hemisphere AffairsAfricaGovernment Operations (Chair: Jack Brooks)Legislation and National SecurityGovernment Activities and TransportationGovernment Information and Individual RightsIngovernmental Relations and Human ResourcesEnvironment, Energy and Natural ResourcesCommerce, Consumer and Monetary AffairsEmployment and HousingHouse Administration (Chair: Frank Annunzio)AccountsServicesOffice SystemsPersonnel and PoliceElectionsProcurement and PrintingHunger (Select)Interior and Insular Affairs (Chair: Mo Udall)Energy and the EnvironmentPublic LandsGeneral Oversight, Northwest Power and Forest ManagementWater and Power ResourcesMining and Natural ResourcesNational Parks and RecreationJudiciary (Chair: Peter W. Rodino)Immigration, Refugees and International LawAdministrative Law and Governmental RelationsCourts, Civil Liberties and the Administration of JusticeCivil and Constitutional RightsMonopolies and Commercial LawCrimeCriminal JusticeMerchant Marine and Fisheries (Chair: Walter B. Jones Sr.)Merchant MarineFisheries, Wildlife Conservation and the EnvironmentOceangraphyPanama Canal and Outer Continental StuffCoast Guard and NavigationOversight and InvestigationsNarcotics Abuse and Control (Select)Post Office and Civil ServiceCivil ServiceCensus and PopulationPostal Operations and ServicesCompensation and Employee BenefitsHuman ResourcesInvestigationsPostal Personnel and ModernizationPublic Works and Transportation (Chair: James J. Howard)AviationEconomic DevelopmentInvestigations and OversightPublic Buildings and GroundsSurface TransportationWater ResourcesRules (Chair: Claude Pepper)The Legislative ProcessRules of the HouseScience and Technology (Chair: Don Fuqua)Energy Development and ApplicationsNatural Resources, Agriculture Research and EnvironmentEnergy Research and ProductionScience, Research and TechnologyTransportation, Aviation and MaterialsInvestigations and OversightSpace Science and ApplicationsSmall Business (Chair: Parren Mitchell)SBA and SBIC Authority, Minority Enterprise and General Small Business ProblemsGeneral Oversight and the EconomyAntitrust and Restraint of Trade Activities affecting Small BusinessEnergy, Environment and Safety Issues affecting Small BusinessTax, Access to Equity Capital and Business OpportunitiesExport Opportunities and Special Small Business ProblemsStandards of Official Conduct (Chair: Julian C. Dixon)Veterans' Affairs (Chair: Gillespie V. Montgomery)Oversight and InvestigationsHospitals and Health CareEducation, Training and EmploymentCompensation, Pension and InsuranceHousing and Memorial AffairsWays and Means (Chair: Dan Rostenkowski)TradeOversightSelect Revenue MeasuresHealthSocial SecurityPublic Assistance and Unemployment CompensationWholeEconomicTaxationLibraryPrintingArchitect of the Capitol: George M. WhiteAttending Physician of the United States Congress: Freeman H. Cary (until 1986), William Narva (starting 1986)Comptroller General of the United States: Charles A. BowsherDirector of the Congressional Budget Office: Rudolph G. PennerLibrarian of Congress: Daniel J. BoorstinPublic Printer of the United States: Ralph E. Kennickell, Jr.Chaplain: Richard C. HalversonHistorian: Richard A. BakerParliamentarian: Bob DoveSecretary: Jo-Anne L. CoeSecretary for the Majority: Howard O. Greene, Jr.Secretary for the Minority: David PrattSergeant at Arms: Larry E. Smith (until June 3, 1985), Ernest W. Garcia (starting June 3, 1985)Chaplain: James David FordClerk: Benjamin J. GuthrieDoorkeeper: James T. MolloyHistorian: Ray SmockParliamentarian: William H. BrownPostmaster: Robert V. RotaSergeant at Arms: Jack Russ 
