1660

Updated on Sep 25, 2024

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1660 (MDCLX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (dominical letter DC) of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Sunday (dominical letter AG) of the Julian calendar, the 1660th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 660th year of the 2nd millennium, the 60th year of the 17th century, and the 1st year of the 1660s decade. As of the start of 1660, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

January–June

January 1

Colonel George Monck with his regiment crosses from Scotland to England at the village of Coldstream and begins his advance towards London in support of the English Restoration.

Samuel Pepys begins his diary.

February 3 – George Monck and his regiment arrive in London.

February 13 – Charles XI becomes king of Sweden at the age of five upon the death of his father, Charles X Gustavus.

February 27 – John Thurloe is reinstated as England's Secretary of State, having been deprived of his offices late in the previous year.

March 16 – The Long Parliament disbands.

April 4 – The Declaration of Breda promises amnesty, freedom of conscience, and army back pay, in return for support for the English Restoration.

April 23/May 3 – Treaty of Oliva: peace made between Swedish Empire, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Habsburgs and Brandenburg-Prussia.

May 8 – The Parliament of England declares Prince Charles Stuart, King Charles II of England.

May 15 – John Thurloe is arrested for high treason for his support of Oliver Cromwell's regime.

May 25 – Charles II of England lands at Dover.

May 27 – The Treaty of Copenhagen is signed, marking the conclusion of the Second Northern War. Sweden returns Trøndelag to Norway and Bornholm to Denmark.

May 29 – King Charles II of England arrives in London and assumes the throne, marking the beginning of the English Restoration.

June 29 – John Thurloe is released from custody.

July–December

August 19 – Dr Edward Stanley preaches a sermon in the nave of Winchester Cathedral to commemorate the return of the Chapter following the English Restoration.

September 25 – Samuel Pepys has his first cup of tea (an event recorded in his diary).

October 17 – The ten regicides who signed the death warrant of Charles I of England are hanged, drawn and quartered, a process which includes their being disemboweled and their bowels burned before their eyes.

November 28 – At Gresham College in London, twelve men, including Christopher Wren, Robert Boyle, John Wilkins, and Sir Robert Moray meet after a lecture by Wren and decide to found "a College for the Promoting of Physico-Mathematicall Experimentall Learning" (later known as the Royal Society).

December – Andres Malong, a native chieftain of Pangasinan, Philippines, leads a revolt against the Spanish regime.

December 8 – First actress to appear on the professional stage in England in a non-singing rôle, as Desdemona in Othello, following reopening of the theatres; variously considered to be Margaret Hughes, Anne Marshall or Katherine Corey.

Date unknown

Royal African Company founded by James II of England to trade slaves along the coast of West Africa.

Blaise Pascal's Lettres provinciales, a defense of the Jansenist Antoine Arnauld, is ordered to be shredded and burned by King Louis XIV of France.

The expulsion of the Carib indigenous people from Martinique is carried out by French occupying forces.

Hopkins School is founded.

The Rigsraad (High Council) of Denmark is abolished and Denmark–Norway becomes an absolute monarchy with the Kingdom of Denmark as a hereditary monarchy.

A permanent standing army is established in Prussia.