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A suicide barrier is a barrier on a bridge (often a so-called suicide bridge known for suicide attempts), observation deck or other structure designed to prevent people from attempting suicide by deliberately jumping. Many suicide barriers are tall and fence-like. But suicide nets, which extend horizontally below the bridge and preserve views outward, have been used on the Bern Muenster Terrace in Bern, Switzerland and the Cornell University campus in Ithaca, New York. In 2009 a barrier was built for the Humber Bridge, and in June 2014 California approved a $76 million funding plan to install a mesh barrier beneath the Golden Gate Bridge.
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Aesthetic concerns
Not only are suicide barriers expensive, but aesthetic concerns are also commonly raised: heavy fences are often unsightly, detracting from the appearance of the bridge and the view from the bridge itself.
Efficacy
The most intense debate, however, is on the subject of whether a suicide barrier will actually save lives. Studies have shown that well-designed suicide barriers not only stop people from jumping at a particular site, but also decrease the overall suicide rate in the surrounding area. Another set of data comes from a barrier built in 1983 on the Memorial Bridge over the Kennebec River in Augusta, Maine, where 14 people had previously jumped to their deaths. The barrier eliminated suicides from the bridge. A study of suicides in the area during the two decades before and after installation of the barrier found no increase in jumping from nearby high structures, and the city of Augusta had a greater reduction in its suicide rate than the reduction seen in the surrounding area during the same period.
The largest study to observe the effects of a barrier, published in the British Medical Journal in 2010, showed that after a barrier went up at the Bloor Street Viaduct, the rate of jumping from other bridges in Toronto increased and there was no decrease in the overall jumping rate, although there was a decrease in the overall suicide rate in Toronto. The study also mentions that suicide barriers may not be effective if there are comparable jumping points nearby or if the structure is not a strong suicide magnet.
Additionally, while studies have shown easy access to guns has an effect on a region's suicide rate, two studies that looked at regions with access to "suicide" or "landmark" bridges found that the overall suicide rates in these places were not higher than average, despite higher than average jumping suicide rates.
After a barrier was built at Duke Ellington Bridge in Washington, D.C., significantly cutting the suicide rate there, the number of suicides from a nearby bridge did not increase. However, as one author of this study pointed out, there was no reason to believe that suicide attempters would be limited to these two bridges.
Suicide barriers are commonly installed on pedestrian bridges that run over train tracks and highways to prevent injury and trauma to those below.