Power type Steam Build date March 1944 | Serial number 70101 | |
Builder Baldwin Locomotive Works Configuration 4-8-8-2 Articulated Consolidation Gauge 4 ft 8 ⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge | ||
Southern Pacific 4294 was the last steam locomotive ordered new by Southern Pacific Railroad (SP). It was built by Baldwin Locomotive Works in March 1944, and was used hauling SP's trains over the Sierra Nevada, often working on Donner Pass in California.
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Construction and use
SP4294 was the last of 256 Southern Pacific articulated cab forwards starting with class AC-1. 4294 was the last in a group of 20 locomotives that comprised SP's AC-12 class of 4-8-8-2 cab forward locomotives. It is essentially two locomotives, linked together, sharing fire box, boiler and crew. Only the front locomotive has its cranks quartered 90 degrees apart. The front and back drive axles are free to roll out of phase with respect to each other. If unloaded, the locomotive has a vertical oscillation, near 50 mph, that can lift the tires above the rails.
Its most distinguishing feature was that the cab and firebox were at the front of the locomotive instead of the traditional rear. This was done essentially by running a 2-8-8-4 machine backwards with myriad modifications. The engineer and fireman swapped sides and faced away from the firebox. The tender was moved to behind the "new" locomotive back to improve forward vision. The smoke box end coupling was strengthened. The power reverse lever (Johnson Bar) and the steam throttle motion direction was reversed. The drive wheel axles are reversed, end for end without rekeying the return "fly" cranks, to reverse the expansion link timing on both sides.
This specific SP design was a necessity in the long tunnels and snow sheds of Donner Pass and other mountainous regions where it kept smoke, heat, and soot away from the operating crew and offered them clean, cool air to breathe. It also provided the crew a superb view. It entered service on March 19, 1944, and was retired from active service on March 5, 1956.
Preservation
SP was convinced to preserve one of the class and donated 4294 to the city of Sacramento, California, where it was put on outdoor display October 19, 1958, at the SP station next to the C. P. Huntington, the railroad's first locomotive. Construction for Interstate 5 necessitated a move for the locomotive, and it was stored in the SP shops until May 1981. At that time it was moved again, this time to its current location, the California State Railroad Museum, where it remains on static display.
Had it not been for the negotiating efforts of the Railway and Locomotive Historical Society in the 1950s, 4294 likely would have been scrapped along with all of the other SP cab forward locomotives. As a result, 4294 is the only SP cab forward that has been preserved.
At one time, it was hoped that 4294 could be restored to operating condition. According to CSRM personnel, the biggest impediments toward such a project are the estimated costs and the current policies of both Union Pacific Railroad and BNSF Railway in regards to operations. The cost of such a restoration is estimated between $1 million and $1.5 million, an amount that the museum feels would be prohibitive given the current prospects for its eventual operation.