Habitat loss 99% Bird species 220 | Area 244,500 km² Mammal species 56 | |
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Borders Eastern Great Lakes lowland forests
Allegheny Highlands forests
Appalachian mixed mesophytic forests
Central U.S. hardwood forests
Central forest-grasslands transition
Western Great Lakes forests
Upper Midwest forest-savanna transition Countries United States and Canada States/Provinces Michigan, New York, Ohio, Ontario, Pennsylvania and Indiana Biome Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest | ||
The Southern Great Lakes lowland forests is a temperate broadleaf and mixed forest ecoregion of North America, as defined by the World Wildlife Fund. It lies mostly in the central northeastern United States and extends into southeast central Canada.
Contents
Setting
This area includes the southern half of Michigan's Lower Peninsula, and much of Indiana and Ohio. It also extends through the southern half of Southwest Ontario from Windsor to Toronto and into Pennsylvania and New York on the southern rims of lakes Erie and Ontario.
This region is characterized by warm-to-hot summers and mild-to-cold, snowy winters.
Flora
This ecoregion is associated with the temperate deciduous forest to the south and thus contained a variety of habitats including freshwater marshes, dunes, bogs, fens, and hardwood and conifer swamps.
Fauna
The Southern Great Lakes forests were very rich in wildlife. Birds include cardinals, downy woodpecker, wood duck and eastern screech owl. Large mammals including American black bear (Ursus americanus), moose (Alces alces), and gray wolf (Canis lupus) have been removed from this ecoregion and remaining mammals include white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), coyote (Canis latrans), snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus), eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus), American red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) and eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis).
Threats and preservation
Because of extensive urbanization and agricultural use very little of this habitat remains intact.