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The She (畲) people (She Hakka: [sa]; Cantonese: [sɛ̏ː]; Fuzhou: [sia˥]) are a Chinese ethnic group. They form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China.
Contents
- Language
- History
- Hangzhou Municipality
- Quzhou Municipality
- Jinhua Municipality
- Wenzhou Municipality
- Lishui Municipality
- Xuancheng Municipality
- Fuzhou Municipality
- Ningde Municipality
- Zhangzhou Municipality
- Longyan Municipality
- Shangrao Municipality
- Yingtan Municipality
- Ganzhou Municipality
- Jian Municipality
- Heyuan Municipality
- Distribution of the She people in China
- Provincial level
- District level
- References
They are the largest minority in Fujian province. They are also present in the provinces of Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi and Guangdong. Some descendants of the She also exist amongst the Hakka minority in Taiwan.
Language
The She language is a Hmong–Mien language. Most of the She today speak Chinese dialects, like Hakka. Those who retain their own language - approximately 1,200 individuals in Guangdong province - call themselves Ho Ne "mountain people" (Chinese: 活聂 huóniè). Some said they were descendants of Dongyi, Nanman or Yue peoples.
Chinese dialects spoken by the She people as listed in You (2002) include:
History
The She people are some of the earliest known settlers of Guangdong; they are thought to have originally settled along the shallow shore for easier fishing access during the Neolithic era. Eventually, after an influx of Yuet people moved south during the Warring States period, serious competition between the two peoples for resources developed.
From the time of the Qin dynasty on, waves of migrants from northern China have had a serious impact on the She people. Because they possessed superior tools and technology, these migrants were able to displace the She and occupy the better land for farming. As a result of this, some of the She were forced to relocate into the hilly areas of the Jiangxi and Fujian provinces.
Following this relocation, the She people became hillside farmers. Their methods of farming included burning grasses on the slope, casting rice seeds on those embers and then harvesting the produce following the growth season. Some of the She people also participated in the production and trade of salt, obtained from the evaporation of local pools of salt water.
Many conflicts took place between the Han Chinese and She peoples. For example, in one incident, She salt producers on Lantau Island in Hong Kong attacked the city of Canton in a revolt during the Song dynasty.
The She people are not native to Zhejiang. During the Ming-Qing dynasties they moved into and settled Zhejiang's southern region and mountain districts in the Lower Yangtze region, after they left their homeland in Northern Fujian. It is theorized that the She were pushed out of their land by the Hakka, which caused them to move into Zhejiang.
Hangzhou Municipality
Eshan She-nation Ethnic Township (莪山畲族乡) in Tonglu County
Quzhou Municipality
Muchen She-nation Ethnic Township (沐尘畲族乡) in Longyou County
Jinhua Municipality
Shuiting She-nation Ethnic Township (水亭畲族乡) in Lanxi City
Liucheng She-nation Ethnic Township (柳城畲族镇) in Wuyi County
Wenzhou Municipality
Qingjie She-nation Ethnic Township (青街畲族乡) in Pingyang County
Xikeng She-nation Ethnic Township (西坑畲族镇) in Wencheng County
Zhoushan She-nation Ethnic Township (周山畲族乡) in Wencheng County
Fengyang She-nation Ethnic Township (凤阳畲族乡) in Cangnan County
Dailing She-nation Ethnic Township (岱岭畲族乡) in Cangnan County
Siqian She-nation Ethnic Township (司前畲族镇) in Taishun County
Zhuli She-nation Ethnic Township (竹里畲族乡) in Taishun County
Lishui Municipality
Jingning She-nation Autonomous County (景宁畲族自治县)
Laozhu She-nation Ethnic Town (老竹畲族镇) in Liandu District
Lixin She-nation Ethnic Township (丽新畲族乡) in Liandu District
Wuxi She-nation Ethnic Township (雾溪畲族乡) in Yunhe County
Anxi She-nation Ethnic Township (安溪畲族乡) in Yunhe County
Zhuyang She-nation Ethnic Township (竹垟畲族乡) in Longquan City
Sanren She-nation Ethnic Township (三仁畲族乡) in Suichang County
Banqiao She-nation Ethnic Township (板桥畲族乡) in Songyang County
Xuancheng Municipality
Yunti She-nation Ethnic Township (云梯畲族乡) in Ningguo City
Fuzhou Municipality
Xiaocang She-nation Ethnic Township (小沧畲族乡) in Lianjiang County
Ningde Municipality
Muyun She-nation Ethnic Township (穆云畲族乡) in Fu'an City
Kangcuo She-nation Ethnic Township (康厝畲族乡) in Fu'an City
Banzhong She-nation Ethnic Township (坂中畲族乡) in Fu'an City
Xiamen She-nation Ethnic Township (硖门畲族乡) in Fuding City
Yantian She-nation Ethnic Township (盐田畲族乡) in Xiapu County
Shuimen She-nation Ethnic Township (水门畲族乡) in Xiapu County
Chongru She-nation Ethnic Township (崇儒畲族乡) in Xiapu County
Zhangzhou Municipality
Longjiao She-nation Ethnic Township (隆教畲族乡) in Longhai City
Huxi She-nation Ethnic Township (湖西畲族乡) in Zhangpu County
Chiling She-nation Ethnic Township (赤岭畲族乡) in Zhangpu County
Longyan Municipality
Gongzhuang She-nation Ethnic Township (宫庄畲族乡) in Shanghang County
Lufeng She-nation Ethnic Township (庐丰畲族乡) in Shanghang County
Shangrao Municipality
Taiyuan She-nation Ethnic Township (太源畲族乡) in Yanshan County
Huangbi She-nation Ethnic Township (篁碧畲族乡) in Yanshan County
Yingtan Municipality
Zhangping She-nation Ethnic Township (樟坪畲族乡) in Guixi City
Fuzhou Municipality
Jinzhu She-nation Ethnic Township (金竹畲族乡) in LeAn County
Ganzhou Municipality
Chitu She-nation Ethnic Township (赤土畲族乡) in Nankang City
Ji'an Municipality
Donggu She-nation Ethnic Township (东固畲族乡) in Qingyuan District
Longgang She-nation Ethnic Township (龙冈畲族乡) in Yongfeng County
Jinping Minority-nation Ethnic Township (金坪民族乡) in Xiajiang County
Heyuan Municipality
Zhangxi She-nation Ethnic Township (漳溪畲族乡) in Dongyuan County
Distribution of the She people in China
The roughly 45,000 She living in Guizhou Province form a separate subgroup, the Dongjia (东家人 Dongjia ren), who differ notably in culture from the She in other areas.
Provincial level
In a census in year 2000, 709,592 She have been counted in China.
District level
Only values of 0.5% and greater have been considered.