Name Oskars Kalpaks | ||
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Born 6 January 1882
Meirani, Governorate of Livonia (present-day Indrani parish, Lubana municipality, Latvia) ( 1882-01-06 ) Years of service 18 January 1903 – 6 March 1919 Rank Lieutenant Colonel (podpalkovnik), Russia
Colonel, Latvia Unit 183rd Pultusk Infantry Regiment
1st Latvian Independent Battalion ("Independence battalion") Commands held 1st Latvian Independent Battalion Awards Cross of St. George, IV degree
Order of St. Anna, IV degree
Lacplesis Military Order, I Class (posthumously) Died March 6, 1919, Zirni parish, Latvia Service/branch Imperial Russian Army, Latvian National Armed Forces | ||
Allegiance Russian Empire, Latvia | ||
Oskars kalpaks
Oskars Kalpaks (6 January 1882–6 March 1919) was the commander of 1st Latvian Independent Battalion, also known as "Kalpaks Battalion".
Kalpaks was born to a farming family. Having decided to become a soldier he completed Irkutsk military school and then commenced service with the 183rd Pultusk Infantry Regiment. He displayed talent as a commander and heroism in battle during the First World War and was awarded the most significant Russian military decorations and made Regiment Commander in 1917.
After the proclamation of Latvia's independence on 18 November 1918, Kalpaks enlisted with the Ministry of Defence. He organised the defence of Vidzeme against Bolshevik attacks. On 31 December Kalpaks became Commander-in-Chief of all the armed units at the disposal of the Provisional Government of Latvia.
Under his leadership, Latvia's first armed formations became battle capable. On 28 February 1919, Kalpaks was awarded the rank of Colonel. From January to March 1919 the 1st Latvian Battalion fought with the German VI Reserve Corps to repel the Bolshevik raids into Kurzeme and this was the start of Latvia's struggle for liberation. On 6 March 1919 near Airītes, by mistake, Kalpaks was killed in a skirmish with German Freikorps troops.
After his death, Kalpaks was posthumously awarded Latvia's highest military award, the Order of Lāčplēsis — first, second and third class.
Although never officially assigned to this rank or position, Kalpaks is regarded as the first Commander in Chief of Latvian Armed Forces.
Kalpaks was honored on Latvian stamps in 1937 and again in 2007.
