The Mugunghwa-ho or Mugunghwa is a class of train operated by Korail, main railway operator of South Korea. In 1980, new express train, named 우등 (Udeung, literally meaning Premium), was introduced. Soon it was renamed as Mugunghwa, which was a name of an express train operated in 1960s. Since train classes below Mugunghwa had been retired, thus Mugunghwa trains are now the cheapest class of trains to operate cross-country. Along rural lines such as the Gyeongbuk Line, they remain the only class of passenger train operating. They (and in some cases the Tonggeun) are the only trains to stop at many stations not served by Saemaul-ho or KTX trains. Mugunghwa are built to accommodate large numbers of standing passengers, and frequently have many more standees than sitting passengers.
The Mugunghwa-ho takes its name from the Mugunghwa, the national flower of South Korea.
Passenger Car: There are various types of passenger cars, and the belows are still operating in 2010s.
Long-length Mugunghwa-ho Passenger Car
Streamlined Mugunghwa-ho Passenger Car
Multiple Units
Refurbished Diesel Car (RDC): Former Commuter Diesel Car (CDC)
New Diesel Car (Retired in 2010)
Diesel Excellent Car (Retired in 2001)
On April 22, 2016, a Mugungwha-class 9-car train which departed Yongsan Station at around 10:45 p.m, and headed for Yeosu Expo Station, was derailed at 3:41 a.m on a curved track intersection while approaching Yulchon Station. 5 out of 9 cars were derailed, and 2 toppled down, damaging parts of the railway electrification system. The engine car toppled away from the tracks, one engine driver was killed, 7 passengers were injured and a secondary engine driver was injured. 23 people were known to be on board the train. Upon derailment, it is known that the train crashed into an unknown object. According to Korail engineers, the locomotive was operating at 127 km/h on the curved railway intersection. As the train was approaching a platform, it was designated to operate under 50 km/h when approaching stations. After further analysis on the train's data and voice recorders, the accident seemed to be occurred by the engine driver. Legal measures are to be taken on the two engine drivers. The remaining four cars were moved away from the tracks, and the destroyed rail electrification pylons were recovered in 25 hours.
Since retirements of Tongil-ho and Bidulgi-ho, some of those trains are upgraded to Mugunghwa-ho trains, although they rather stop more stations. Although some of stations are closed from the retirements, stops of Mugunghwa-ho are various per each train. List below is lines with regular Mugunghwa-ho trains:
Gyeongbu Line: Seoul–Busan/Dongdaegu/Sinhaeundae
Janghang Line: Yongsan–Sinchang/Iksan (via Hongseong)
Chungbuk Line: Seoul/Daejeon–Jecheon
Honam Line: Yongsan–Gwangju/Mokpo
Jeolla Line: Yongsan/Iksan–Yeosu Expo
Gyeongbuk Line: Yeongju–Busan (via Sangju)
Jungang Line: Cheongnyangni–Andong/Dongdaegu/Bujeon (via Yeongju)
Taebaek Line: Cheongnyangni/Jecheon–Jeongdongjin (via Taebaek)
Yeongdong Line: Dongdaegu–Jeongdongjin (via Bonghwa)
Daegu Line and Donghae Line: Dongdaegu–Pohang/Bujeon, Pohang–Bujeon
Gyeongjeon Line: Gwangju/Mokpo–Suncheon, Suncheon–Bujeon
