Geographical range Eurasian steppe | ||
Dates XIII cent. b.c. - VII cent. b.c. Preceded by the local variant Andronovo culture and Cherkaskul culture | ||
The Mezhovskaya culture (mistranscribed Meshovskaya culture) is an archaeological culture of the late Bronze Age (XIIIth to the beginning of the VII century BCE). It is localized in the Southern Ural and named after the village Mezhovka on the banks of the Bagaryak river in the northern part of the Chelyabinsk Oblast.
Contents
The ancestors of Mezhovskaya culture's were the population of Cherkaskul culture with the participation of the population of Tobol taiga with traditions and cultures of the ceramics steppe zone of the Ural and Kazakhstan (Andronovo culture) ), especially Sargarino-Alexis culture.
Mezhovskaya culture reflects the further stages of development Ugric community in active contact with the Indo-Iranian population of the Ural steppes.
Origin
The mixed population: Indo-European (Andronovo culture) and Ugric (Cherkaskul culture) tribes.
Data of DNA-archeology
In 2015, a genetic study of ancient dwelling of Mezhovskaya culture: Kapova Cave (Shulgan-tash). Three individuals (RISE523, RISE524, RISE525) of the Mezhovskaya in Southern Ural from 1400 BC to 1000 BC were surveyed.
Extractions of Y-DNA from one individual was determined to belong to the Western Asian haplogroup R1a1a1 (kit RISE525: Meshovskaya, SNPs: Z645, Z283(-? false negative)>Z282>Z280>CTS1211>YP343>YP340>YP371>Y11162 (Y11175 level Y11162), Y11175+ Y11171-), while the other extraction was determined to belong to R1b (kit RISE524: Meshovskaya, SNPs: R1b1a2-PF6494), which before, the historians were thought about migration of early Indo-Europeans from the Black Sea through the Ural, to Siberia and Middle Asia.
Stages
As part Mezhovskaya culture are two stages of development:
The dwellings
Mezhovka, Kapova cave, Berezovka and etc.
The dwellings were unfortified, an area of 1 - 35 sq. m., more likely to occur in the forest-steppe of Ural, rare forest Ural. Their number ranges from 1 to 10-15. It is usually shallow huts built with frame-pillar design.
Population Mezhovsky culture led diversified economy with a combination of production (especially cattle, metal) and assigns (hunting, fishing, gathering) forms of economy.
The tombs were bit, they are small in size (up to 36 graves) and are found mainly in the forest-steppe regions of Bashkortostan. The main methods of tombs: by earthen mounds elongated holes in the ground - on the back, the head to the west - northwest, as well as secondary burial ritual. Cremation rare. Funeral equipment put in the grave, but often approx. her or mound mound. This is usually the vessels, less tools and weapons, the remains of the funerary feasts.
Population Mezhovsky culture characterized the final phase of the Bronze Age of forest Ural and had a significant influence on the formation of the Ural cultures transition from the Bronze Age to the early Iron Age.