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The members of the Delian League/Athenian Empire (c. 478-404 BC) can be categorized into two groups: the allied states (symmachoi) reported in the stone tablets of the Athenian tribute lists (454-409 BC), who contributed the symmachikos phoros ("allied tax") in money, and further allies, reported either in epigraphy or historiography, whose contribution consisted of ships, wood, grain and military assistance; proper and occasional members, subject members and genuine allies.
Contents
- Analysis
- Insular phoros
- Euboea
- Cyclades
- North Aegean
- Unknown region
- Ionian phoros
- Islands
- Aeolis
- Ionia
- Unknown region of Ionian or Carian phoros
- Carian phoros
- Caria and Doris
- Dodecanese
- Lycia
- Lycaonia
- Pamphylia
- Cilicia
- Thracian phoros
- Pieria
- Mygdonia
- Chalcidice
- East Macedonia
- Thrace proper
- Sporades
- Hellespontine phoros
- Thrace
- Thracian Chersonese
- Asia Minor
- Pontic phoros Black Sea
- Other allies
- References
Analysis
The study of the symmachikos phoros provides the following insights: The amount of tax paid by each state is written in Attic numerals. One-sixtieth is dedicated to Athena, the patron goddess of the city. The membership is not limited to Ionians or Greek city-states (see Ialysus, Mysians, Eteocarpathians and the Carians whom Tymnes rules). Allied states of Western Greece are not categorized under a fiscal district the Thracian, Hellespontine, Insular, Carian and Ionian phoros of the eastern states; somehow comparable districts to the former Achaemenid satrapies of Skudra, Hellespontine Phrygia, the Yaunâ on this side of the sea, Karka, and the Yaûna across the sea. The categorization of members under these fiscal districts appeared first in the list of 443/2 BC. After 438 BC, the Carian phoros became part of the Ionian district and after c. 425 BC a new Aktaios phoros, comprising the coastal Troad, was created out of the Hellespontine district. During the Sicilian Expedition a fragmentary list suggests that the Athenian state had created a Magna Graecian district. The following names are readable: Naxians, Catanians, Sicels, Rhegians. The only references until now on the Pontic phoros are the list of 425/4 BC and 410/09 BC.
Paradoxically, although the modern current term for the alliance is "Delian League", inscriptions have not yet been found on the island related to the League, and the information about the transfer of the treasure comes from the chronologization of the first Attic tribute list in 454 BC and not by Thucydides, who just informs about the treasure and the center of the Athenian power/alliance being on Delos (Thuc. I.96.97). The first inscription which records the Athenians and allies comes from Delphi, dating to c. 475 BC, is fragmentary, and the names of the allies are not readable or not mentioned. There is an epigraphical gap between 475 and 454 BC, although the phrase Athenians and allies is always present in historiography (Thuc. 1. 109, campaign in Egypt).
The exact location of several inscribed cities is still debated. Athenian cleruchies and colonies like Amphipolis are considered part of the Athenian state and not members of the League.
Insular phoros
Nesiotikos phoros (Νησιωτικὸς φόρος)
Euboea
Cyclades
North Aegean
Unknown region
Ionian phoros
Islands
Aeolis
Ionia
Unknown region (of Ionian or Carian phoros)
Carian phoros
Karikos phoros (Καρικὸς φόρος)
Caria and Doris
Dodecanese
Lycia
Lycaonia
Pamphylia
Cilicia
Thracian phoros
Thrakios phoros (Θράκιος φόρος)
Pieria
Mygdonia
Chalcidice
East Macedonia
Thrace proper
Sporades
Unknown region
Hellespontine phoros
Hellespontios phoros (Ἑλλησπόντιος φόρος)
Islands
Thrace
Thracian Chersonese
Asia Minor
Unknown region
Aktaiai Poleis
The cities of the Aktaios phoros (Ἀκταῖος φόρος), the coastal Troad, separated from the Hellespontine district in 427 BCfollowing the Mytilenaean revolt and first appearing in the tribute lists of 425/4 BC.
Pontic phoros (Black Sea)
Pontikos phoros (Ποντικός φόρος)
Other allies
Aegean
Cyprus
Egypt
Ionian Islands
West central Greece
Macedonia
Magna Graecia
Peloponnese