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Marine park
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A marine park is a park consisting of an area of sea (or lake) sometimes protected for recreational use, but more often set aside to preserve a specific habitat and ensure the ecosystem is sustained for the organisms that exist there. Most marine parks are designated by governments, and organized like 'watery' national parks.
The largest marine park used to be the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park in Australia, at 350,000 km² until 2010, when the United Kingdom announced the opening of the Chagos Marine Park or Chagos Archipelago.
Although for many uses it is sufficient to designate the boundaries of the marine park and to inform commercial fishing boats and other maritime enterprises, some parks have gone to additional effort to make their wonders accessible to visitors. These can range from glass-bottomed boats and small submarines, to windowed undersea tubes.
In New Zealand a marine reserve is an area which has a higher degree of legal protection than marine parks for conservation purposes.
In New South Wales, there are planned marine parks which will stretch along the coastline of the entire state.
Pulau payar marine park langkawi malaysia
Africa
Kisite-Mpunguti Marine National Park, Kenya
Americas
Allan H. Treman State Marine Park, United States
Bonaire National Marine Park, Bonaire
Cabo Pulmo National Park, Mexico
Dry Tortugas National Park, United States
Half Moon Caye Natural Monument, Belize
Hol Chan Reserve, Belize
John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park, United States
Montego Bay Marine Park, Jamaica
Pedra da Risca do Meio Marine State Park, Brazil
Saba Marine Park, Saba
Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary, United States
Canada
Fathom Five National Marine Park
Gwaii Haanas National Marine Conservation Area Reserve
Lake Superior National Marine Conservation Area
Saguenay–St. Lawrence Marine Park
Hong Kong
Marine parks in Hong Kong:
Cape D'Aguilar Marine Reserve
Hoi Ha Wan Marine Park
Sha Chau and Lung Kwu Chau Marine Park
Tung Ping Chau Marine Park
Yan Chau Tong Marine Park
India
Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park, Tamil Nadu
Marine National Park, Gulf of Kachchh, Gujarat
Indonesia
Karimunjawa National Park, Java
Kepulauan Seribu National Park, Java
Komodo National Park, Nusa Tenggara
Bunaken National Park, Sulawesi
Kepulauan Togean National Park, Sulawesi
Kepulauan Wakatobi National Park, Sulawesi
Taka Bone Rate National Park, Sulawesi
Teluk Cenderawasih National Park, Papua
Malaysia
Perhentian Islands
Redang Island
Pulau Tenggol
Tioman Island
Pulau Sibu
Pulau Pemanggil
Tunku Abdul Rahman National Park
Tun Mustapha Marine Park
Tun Sakaran Marine Park
Turtle Islands National Park
Philippines
Apo Reef
Tubbataha Reef
Ocean Adventure
Singapore
Sisters' Island Marine Park
Taiwan
Dongsha Atoll National Park
South Penghu Marine National Park
Thailand
Tarutao National Marine Park
Europe
Karaburun-Sazan National Marine Park, Albania
Iroise Marine Park, Brittany, France
Zakynthos Marine Park, Greece
Alonnisos Marine Park, Greece
Kosterhavet National Park, Bohuslän, Sweden
Ytre Hvaler National Park, Norway
Pembrokeshire Coast National Park, Wales
High seas
As of April 2008 there are no high seas marine reserves, but Greenpeace is campaigning for the "doughnut holes" of the western pacific to be declared as marine reserves. They are also campaigning for 40 percent of the world’s oceans to be protected as marine reserves.
Australia
Commonwealth of Australia
The Australian Government manages an estate of marine protected areas (MPA) that are Commonwealth reserves under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act).
Australian Whale Sanctuary
Ashmore Reef Marine National Nature Reserve
Cartier Island Marine Reserve
Cod Grounds Commonwealth Marine Reserve
Coringa-Herald National Nature Reserve
Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs Marine National Nature Reserve
Great Australian Bight Marine Park (Commonwealth Waters)
Great Barrier Reef Marine Park
Heard Island and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve
Lihou Reef National Nature Reserve (Coral Sea Island Territory)
Lord Howe Island Marine Park (Commonwealth Waters)
These are referred aquatic reserves declared under the Fisheries Management Act 1994
Barrenjoey Head (Hawkesbury River)
Boat Harbour (Kurnell)
Bronte-Coogee
Bushrangers Bay (Shell Harbour)
Cabbage Tree Bay (Manly)
Cape Banks (La Perouse)
Cook Island (Tweed Heads)
Long Reef
Narrabeen Head
North (Sydney) Harbour
Shiprock (Port Hacking)
Solitary Islands Marine Park (Coffs Harbour)
Towra Point (Botany Bay)
Queensland
Moreton Bay Marine Park
South Australia
As of December 2013, the following marine parks have been declared under the Marine Parks Act 2007 (SA) :
Eastern Spencer Gulf Marine Park
Encounter Marine Park
Far West Coast Marine Park
Franklin Harbor Marine Park
Gambier Islands Group Marine Park
Investigator Marine Park
Lower South East Marine Park
Lower Yorke Peninsula Marine Park
Neptune Islands Group Marine Park
Nuyts Archipelago Marine Park
Sir Joseph Banks Group Marine Park
Southern Kangaroo Island Marine Park
Southern Spencer Gulf Marine Park
Thorny Passage Marine Park
Upper Gulf St Vincent Marine Park
Upper South East Marine Park
Upper Spencer Gulf Marine Park
West Coast Bays Marine Park
Western Kangaroo Island Marine Park
Victoria
The state of Victoria has protected approximately 5.3% of coastal waters. In June 2002, legislation was passed to establish 13 Marine National Parks and 11 Marine Sanctuaries. Victoria is the first jurisdiction in the world to create an entire system of highly protected Marine National Parks at the same time. Additional areas are listed as Marine Parks or Marine Reserves, which provides a lower level of protection and allows activities such as commercial and recreational fishing.
