Influences Murdoch Mitchison Influenced by Murdoch Mitchison | Name Kim Nasmyth Notable awards FRS (1989) | |
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Born Kim Ashley Nasmyth
October 10, 1952 (age 71) ( 1952-10-10 ) Institutions University of Oxford
Research Institute of Molecular Pathology Alma mater University of Edinburgh (PhD) Thesis DNA replication in Schizosaccharomyces pombe (1977) Awards Gairdner Foundation International Award | ||
Education University of Edinburgh | ||
Kim Ashley Nasmyth FRS (born 18 October 1952) is an English geneticist, the Whitley Professor of Biochemistry at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of Trinity College, Oxford. He is best known for his work on the segregation of chromosomes during cell division.
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Early life and education
Nasmyth was born in London in 1952. He attended Eton College, Berkshire, then the University of York, where he studied Biology. Nasmyth went on to complete his graduate studies in the group of Murdoch Mitchison at the University of Edinburgh. Here he worked on the cell cycle alongside Paul Nurse and his PhD thesis focuses on the control of DNA replication in fission yeast. In Mitchison's lab he made substantial contributions to the study of the cell cycle in fission yeast isolating and characterising cell cycle mutants and the first identification of a gene product (DNA ligase) in these mutants.
Career and research
Nasmyth joined Ben Hall's lab in Seattle as a postdoctoral researcher where he developed ways of cloning genes by complementation in yeast and, in collaboration with Steve Reed, cloned the CDC28 gene from the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
As a group leader in Cambridge Nasmyth became interested in the phenomenon of mating-type switching in yeast. Together with Kelly Tatchell he cloned the S. cerevisiae mating-type locus and found, surprisingly, that 'silent' copies of the mating-type genes including their promoters are maintained in the yeast chromosome. This represented the first case where the position of a gene in the chromosome had demonstrable biological significance, and prompted Nasmyth to abandon work on the cell cycle for a time and concentrate instead on studying gene silencing. He was one of the first to demonstrate that gene expression can be regulated through specific control elements which are distant from the start of transcription.
Max Birnstiel invited Nasmyth to join him at the Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP) in Vienna, Austria, where he was director. At the IMP Nasmyth changed his focus from gene silencing back to cell cycle control. In the mid-1990s Nasmyth co-discovered the APC/C and showed that its activity induces chromosome segregation. Using temperature-sensitive mutants of the APC/C he found several genes which are required for sister chromatid cohesion which we now know encode subunits of the cohesin complex. Nasmyth has since showed that cohesin forms a ring, that sister chromatids are held together within this ring and that they are released by cleavage of cohesin by separase.
Nasmyth was formerly head of the Department of Biochemistry of the University of Oxford. He is a member of the Advisory Council for the Campaign for Science and Engineering. His research has been funded by the Medical Research Council (MRC).
Awards and honours
Nasmyth has also been awarded the following: