The Kate Greenaway Medal is a British literary award that annually recognises "distinguished illustration in a book for children". It is conferred upon the illustrator by the Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals (CILIP) which inherited it from the Library Association.
Contents
- Latest rendition
- Rules
- Winners
- Winners of multiple awards
- 50 year Greenaway of Greenaways 2007
- Shortlists
- 1955 to 1994
- 1995 to 2002
- 2003 to date
- References
The Medal is named after the 19th-century English illustrator of children's books Kate Greenaway (1846–1901). It was established in 1955 and inaugurated next year for 1955 publications, but no work was considered suitable. The first Medal was awarded in 1957 to Edward Ardizzone for Tim All Alone (Oxford, 1956), which he also wrote. That first Medal was dated 1956. Only since 2007 the Medal is dated by its presentation during the year following publication. The Greenaway is a companion to the Carnegie Medal which recognises one outstanding work of writing for children and young adults (conferred upon the author).
Nominated books must be first published in the U.K. during the preceding school year (September to August), with English-language text if any.
The award by CILIP is a gold Medal and £500 worth of books donated to the illustrator's chosen library. Since 2000 there is also a £5000 cash prize from a bequest by the children's book collector Colin Mears.
Latest rendition
William Grill won the 2015 Greenaway Medal for illustration of Shackleton's Journey (Flying Eye Books), which he also wrote.
There were eight books on the 2016 shortlist announced 15 March, each published September 2014 to August 2015. The official website provides bibliographic data, front cover images, capsules, annotations for the public by the judging panel.
Recommended ages have ranged from 0+ to 11+ for books on the shortlist since 2001.
Chris Riddell (2001, 2004), Jon Klassen (2014), Helen Oxenbury (1999) are previous winners of the Greenaway Medal.
Rules
Library and information professionals (CILIP) nominate books in September and October, after the close of the publication year. A panel of 12 children's librarians in CILIP's youth interest group (YLG) judges both the Carnegie and Greenaway books. Currently the shortlist is announced in March and the winner in June, between nine and 21 months after first U.K. publication.
Candidates must be published in the U.K. during the preceding year (September to August). They must be published for young people, and published in the U.K. originally or within three months in case of co-publication. English must be the language of any text, or one of dual languages.
"All categories of illustrated books for children and young people are eligible."
CILIP specifies numerous points of artistic style, format, and visual experience, and also "synergy of illustration and text" that should be considered "where applicable". Furthermore, "The whole work should provide pleasure from a stimulating and satisfying visual experience which leaves a lasting impression. Illustrated work needs to be considered primarily in terms of its graphic elements, and where text exists particular attention should be paid to the synergy between the two."
Winners
Through 2015 there have been 58 Greenaway Medals awarded in 60 years, covering 1955 to 2014 publications approximately. No eligible book published in 1955 or 1958 was considered suitable.
From 2007 the medals are dated by the year of presentation; previously by the calendar year of British publication, which then defined the eligible works.
Winners of multiple awards
Fourteen different illustrators have won two of the 55 Greenaway Medals awarded through 2012. The first winner of two Medals was John Burningham, 1963 and 1970.
Only A Monster Calls (Walker Books, 2011), by Patrick Ness and Jim Kay, has won both the Carnegie and Greenaway Medals for writing and illustration (2012).
In 2014, This Is Not My Hat by Jon Klassen won both the Greenaway Medal and the American Caldecott Medal, which recognises a picture book illustrated by a U.S. citizen or resident. This is the first time the same book has won both medals. The recently common practice of co-publication makes a double win possible. Indeed, This Is Not My Hat was released in Britain and America on the same day, 9 October 2012, by Walker Books and its American subsidiary Candlewick Press.
Gail E. Haley was the first illustrator to win both medals, albeit for different works: the 1971 Caldecott for A Story a Story (1970) and the 1976 Greenaway for The Post Office Cat. She also wrote both books.
Helen Oxenbury, who won the 1969 and 1999 medals, was also a "Highly Commended" runner-up four times from 1989 to 1994; the distinction was used 31 times in 29 years to 2002 and no other illustrator was highly commended more than twice. Michael Foreman, who won the 1982 and 1989 medals, was highly commended once and four times a "Commended" runner-up, a distinction used 68 times in 44 years to 2002.
Walker Books, based in London, with American subsidiary Candlewick Press in Somerville, MA, has published 10 of the 30 Greenaway Medal-winning works from 1985 to 2014.
50-year Greenaway of Greenaways (2007)
For the 50th anniversary, CILIP posted online information about all of the winning works (1955–2005) and conducted a poll to identify the nation's favourite Kate Greenaway Medalist. The winner was announced 21 June 2007 at the British Library. By less than one percentage point Dogger, illustrated and written by Shirley Hughes (1977), outpolled Each Peach Pear Plum illustrated by Janet Ahlberg and written by Allan Ahlberg (1978).
The nation, and international voters too, considered a ballot or all-time shortlist comprising ten of the 53 Medal-winning works, selected by six "children's book experts". The panel provided annotations including recommended ages that range from 1+ to 10+ years; age 4+ for the winner.
50th Anniversary Top Ten
Shortlists
Headings give the official award dates: years of publication before 2006; years of presentation after 2006.
Illustrator Harold Jones received a Special Commendation for the 1954 Carnegie Medal, for his part in Lavender's Blue: A Book of Nursery Rhymes, compiled by Kathleen Lines (Oxford) — a 180-page collection named for "Lavender's Blue", which Oxford University Press has reprinted many times. It was "a major reason" for the Library Association to establish the Kate Greenaway Medal that year. No 1955 work was judged worthy in 1956, so the Greenaway was actually inaugurated one year later, recognising a 1956 publication.
1955 to 1994
Prior to 1995 these listings cover only the Medalist and known Highly Commended (+) or Commended (–) books.
1955 (no Medal)
1956 Edward Ardizzone, Tim All Alone (Oxford) @
Ardizzone had inaugurated the Tim series in 1936 with Little Tim and the Brave Sea Captain (Oxford); its last sequel was Ships Cook Ginger (1977). Tim All Alone was named one of the top ten Medal-winning works in 2007.
1957 V. H. Drummond, Mrs Easter and the Storks (Faber) @
1958 (no Medal)
No work was considered suitable, the second and last time.
1959 William Stobbs, Kashtanka (Oxford), by Anton Chekhov (1887)
and A Bundle of Ballads (Oxford), by Ruth Manning-Sanders from the Child Ballads (19th century collection)
The 1959 medal recognised two books, the first of four such occasions to 1982. Two runners-up were "Commended", a new distinction that would be used 99 times in 44 years to 2002, including 31 "Highly Commended" books that were named beginning 1974.
1960 Gerald Rose, Old Winkle and the Seagulls (Faber), by Elizabeth Rose
(no commendations)1961 Antony Maitland, Mrs Cockle's Cat (Constable; Longman), by Philippa Pearce
(no commendations)1962 Brian Wildsmith, ABC (Oxford) @
– Carol Barker, Achilles the Donkey (Dobson), by H. E. BatesABC was Wildsmith's first book, an alphabet book without any words, commissioned by Mabel George at Oxford.
1963 John Burningham, Borka: The Adventures of a Goose With No Feathers (Jonathan Cape) @
– Victor Ambrus, The Royal Navy (Oxford), by Peter Dawlish– Victor Ambrus, A Time of Trial (Oxford), by Hester Burton– Brian Wildsmith, The Lion and the Rat: A Fable (Oxford), by Jean de La Fontaine (1668), from Aesop (6th century BCE)– Brian Wildsmith, Oxford Book of Poetry for Children (Oxford), ed. Edward BlishenBorka was Burningham's first book as an author or illustrator and it was named one of the top ten Medal-winning works in 2007.
1964 C. Walter Hodges, Shakespeare's Theatre (Oxford) @ —nonfiction
– Raymond Briggs, Fee Fi Fo Fum (Hamish Hamilton) @– Victor Ambrus, for work in general– William Papas, for work in generalHodges was a freelance illustrator, a lover of theatre, and an authority on theatre construction in Shakespeare's time. Shakespeare's Theatre was the first nonfiction book cited for the medal.
Ambrus and Papas received the first and only commendations for "work in general".
1965 Victor Ambrus, The Three Poor Tailors (Oxford; Hamish Hamilton) @
(no commendations)The Three Poor Tailors was the first-published book written by Ambrus, who had illustrated dozens of fiction and nonfiction books for Oxford since immigrating from Hungary via Austria.
1966 Raymond Briggs, Mother Goose Treasury (Hamish Hamilton), traditional
– Doreen Roberts, The Story of Saul the King (Constable; Oxford), abridged from Helen Waddell, Stories from Holy Writ (1949)1967 Charles Keeping, Charley, Charlotte and the Golden Canary (Oxford) @
– William Papas, The Church (Oxford), by Geoffrey Moorhouse– William Papas, No Mules (Oxford) @– Brian Wildsmith, Birds (Oxford) @1968 Pauline Baynes, A Dictionary of Chivalry (Longman), by Grant Uden —reference
– Gaynor Chapman, The Luck Child: Based on a story of the Brothers Grimm (Hamish Hamilton), based on Brothers Grimm– Shirley Hughes, Flutes and Cymbals: Poetry for the Young (Bodley Head), compiled by Leonard Clark– William Papas, A Letter from India (Oxford) @ —information book– William Papas, A Letter from Israel (Oxford) @ —information book– William Papas, Taresh the tea planter (Oxford) @Baynes alone has won the medal for illustrating a reference book; only a few nonfiction or fictionalised information books have been cited.
The distinguished runners-up (–) were called "Honours" rather than "Commended" for 1968, 1969, and perhaps 1970.
1969 Helen Oxenbury, The Quangle Wangle's Hat (Heinemann; Franklin Watts), by Edward Lear (late 19th century)
and The Dragon of an Ordinary Family (Heinemann), by Margaret Mahy
The distinguished runners-up (–) were called "Honours" again.
1970 John Burningham, Mr Gumpy's Outing (Jonathan Cape) @
– Charles Keeping, The God Beneath the Sea (Longman), by Leon Garfield and Edward Blishen– Jan Pieńkowski, The Golden Bird (J. M. Dent), by Edith Brill– Krystyna Turska, Pegasus (Hamish Hamilton), the myth of Pegasus and Bellerophon retold by TurskaBurningham became the first to win two medals, 1963 and 1970, one year after his wife Helen Oxenbury won her first of two. As of 2012 fourteen illustrators have won two Greenaways, none three.
Garfield and Blishen won the companion Carnegie Medal for The God Beneath the Sea. (For more than fifty years until 2012, no single book won both of the CILIP awards.)
1971 Jan Pieńkowski, The Kingdom under the Sea and other stories (Jonathan Cape), retold by Joan Aiken
– Victor Ambrus, The Sultan's Bath (Oxford) @– Brian Wildsmith, The Owl and the Woodpecker (Oxford) @(One source calls these two runners-up "Highly Commended". They would be the first.)
1972 Krystyna Turska, The Woodcutter's Duck (Hamish Hamilton) @
– Carol Barker, King Midas and the Golden Touch (Franklin Watts), a version of the Midas myth– Pauline Baynes, Snail and Caterpillar (Longman), by Helen Piers– Antony Maitland, The Ghost Downstairs (Longman), by Leon Garfield1973 Raymond Briggs, Father Christmas (Hamish Hamilton) @
– Fiona French, King Tree (Oxford) @– Errol Lloyd, My Brother Sean (Bodley Head), by Petronella BreinburgBriggs introduced the grumpy old man with a challenging, lonely job, to be continued in Father Christmas Goes on Holiday ( ). Father Christmas was named one of the top ten Medal-winning works in 2007.
1974 Pat Hutchins, The Wind Blew (Bodley Head) @
– Mitsumasa Anno, Anno's Alphabet (Bodley Head) @+ Charles Keeping, Railway Passage (Oxford) @The Wind Blew has been called informative, meteorological poetry.
(According to answers.com citing Gale Biographies, Anno's Alphabet was ineligible for the medal, with its Japanese author and original publisher.)
1975 Victor Ambrus, Horses in Battle (Oxford) @
and Mishka (Oxford) @
Ambrus won his second medal. Horses in Battle, nonfiction or fictionalised history, is the latest "information book" to be cited except for one, Pirate Diary (2001).
1976 Gail E Haley, The Post Office Cat (Bodley Head) @
+ Graham Oakley, The Church Mice Adrift (Macmillan) @ —fifth of 12 Church Mice books+ Maureen Roffey, Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Sailor (Bodley Head), by Bernard Lodge+ Joanna Troughton, How the Birds Changed Their Feathers (Blackie, Folk Tales of the World), retold and illustrated by Troughton @Haley had won the 1971 Caldecott Medal (U.S.) and moved to the U.K. in 1973. No one else has won both medals, which CILIP rules and co-publication enable in the 21st century.
1977 Shirley Hughes, Dogger (Bodley Head) @
– Janet Ahlberg, Burglar Bill (Heinemann), by Allan Ahlberg– Mary Rayner, Garth Pig and the Ice Cream Lady (Macmillan) @Dogger was named one of the top ten Medal-winning works in 2007, and was voted the public favourite from that slate.
1978 Janet Ahlberg, Each Peach Pear Plum (Kestrel), by Allan Ahlberg
+ Raymond Briggs, The Snowman (Hamish Hamilton) @ —no text– Michael Foreman, Popular Folk Tales (Gollancz), newly translated from Brothers Grimm by Brian Alderson– Errol Le Cain, The Twelve Dancing Princesses (Faber), retold from Brothers Grimm by Le CainEach Peach Pear Plum was named one of the top ten Medal-winning works in 2007, and finished a close second in public voting on that slate.
1979 Jan Pieńkowski, The Haunted House (Heinemann) @
+ Quentin Blake, The Wild Washerwomen: A new folk tale ( ), by John Yeoman– Pat Hutchins, One-Eyed Jack ( ) @Pieńkowski won his second medal.
1980 Quentin Blake, Mr Magnolia (Jonathan Cape) @
– Beryl Cook, Seven Years and a Day (Collins), by Colette O'Hare+ Michael Foreman, City of Gold and other stories from the Old Testament (Gollancz), retold by Peter Dickinson– Jill Murphy, Peace at Last ( ) @Mister Magnolia was named one of the top ten Medal-winning works in 2007.
Dickinson won the companion Carnegie Medal for City of Gold. (For more than fifty years until 2012, no single book won both of the CILIP awards.)
1981 Charles Keeping, The Highwayman (Oxford), an edition of the 1906 poem by Alfred Noyes
– Nicola Bayley, The Patchwork Cat (Jonathan Cape), by William Mayne+ Jan Ormerod, Sunshine (Kestrel) @Keeping won his second medal. The Highwayman was named one of the top ten Medal-winning works in 2007.
1982 Michael Foreman, Long Neck and Thunder Foot (Kestrel), by Helen Piers
and Sleeping Beauty and other favourite fairy tales (Gollancz), selected and translated by Angela Carter
The 1982 medal recognised two books, the last of four times from 1959. Sleeping Beauty also won the inaugural Kurt Maschler Award for children's book "text and illustration ... integrated so that each enhances and balances the other."
Oakley and the Church Mice were highly commended for the second time, the first double recognition for a series (books five and eight). Subsequently Janet Ahlberg (Jolly Postman series) and Chris Riddell (Diary series) were runners-up for the first books and medalists for the sequels.
1983 Anthony Browne, Gorilla (Julia MacRae) @
– Molly Bang, Ten, Nine, Eight ( ) @ —a counting book– Michael Foreman, The Saga of Erik the Viking (Pavilion), by Terry Jones– Ron Maris, My Book (Julia MacRae) @Gorilla was named one of the top ten Medal-winning works in 2007. It also won the annual Kurt Maschler Award for integrated text and illustration.
Ten, Nine, Eight was also a runner-up for the U.S. Caldecott Medal ("Honour Book").
1984 Errol Le Cain, Hiawatha's Childhood (Faber), a section of the 1855 poem by Longfellow
(no commendations)1985 Juan Wijngaard, Sir Gawain and the Loathly Lady (Walker), retold by Selena Hastings
– Michael Foreman, Seasons of Splendour: Tales, myths, and legends of India (Pavilion), by Madhur Jaffrey– Gillian McClure, Tog the Ribber, or, Granny's Tale (Andre Deutsch), poem by Paul Coltman1986 Fiona French, Snow White in New York (Oxford) @
– Janet Ahlberg, The Jolly Postman ( ), by Allan Ahlberg– Paddy Bouma, Are We Nearly There? (Bodley Head), by Louis Baum– Babette Cole, Princess Smartypants ( ) @+ Jan Ormerod, Happy Christmas, Gemma (Walker), by Sarah Hayes– Fiona Pragoff, How Many?: From 0 to 20 (Gollancz) @– Tony Ross, I Want My Potty ( ) @ —the first Little Princess bookThe Ahlbergs won the Emils for The Jolly Postman (Kurt Maschler Award).
1987 Adrienne Kennaway, Crafty Chameleon (Hodder & Stoughton), by Mwenye Hadithi
– Babette Cole, Prince Cinders ( ) @– Errol Le Cain, The Enchanter's Daughter (Jonathan Cape), by Antonia Barber– Jill Murphy, All In One Piece ( ) @1988 Barbara Firth, Can't You Sleep Little Bear? (Walker), by Martin Waddell
– Ruth Brown, Ladybird, Ladybird (Andersen), a traditional rhyme+ Anthony Browne, Alice's Adventures in Wonderland ( ), an edition of the 1865 classic by Lewis Carroll– Penny Dale, Wake Up Mr. B! (Walker) @+ Roberto Innocenti, The Adventures of Pinocchio ( ), an edition of the 1883 classic by Carlo Collodi+ Alan Lee, Merlin Dreams ( ), by Peter DickinsonBrowne won the Emil for this edition of Alice (Kurt Maschler Award).
Special 1988 commendation: David Burnie, Bird (London: Dorling Kindersley, in association with the National History Museum)
1989 Michael Foreman, War Boy: a Country Childhood (Pavilion) @ —autobiographical
+ Helen Oxenbury, We're Going on a Bear Hunt (Walker), retold by Michael RosenForeman won his second medal. Oxenbury was highly commended for the first of four times.
1990 Gary Blythe, The Whales' Song (Hutchinson), by Dyan Sheldon
– Nicola Bayley, The Mousehole Cat (Walker), by Antonia Barber– Roberto Innocenti, A Christmas Carol ( ), an edition of the 1843 classic by Charles Dickens+ Tony Ross, Dr Xargle's Book of Earth Tiggers ( ), by Jeanne Willis1991 Janet Ahlberg, The Jolly Christmas Postman (Heinemann), by Allan Ahlberg
– Caroline Binch, Amazing Grace (Dial), by Mary Hoffman+ Helen Oxenbury, Farmer Duck (Walker), by Martin WaddellAhlberg won her second medal, both for husband-and-wife collaborations. The Jolly Christmas Postman was the second of three interactive Jolly Postman books; the last would be published posthumously. Janet Ahlberg is one of three people to be commended for the Greenaway Medal, at least, for two books in a series.
1992 Anthony Browne, Zoo (Julia MacRae) @
+ Jill Barton, The Pig in the Pond (Walker), by Martin Waddell+ Caroline Binch, Hue Boy (Dial), by Rita Phillips MitchellBrowne won his second medal.
1993 Alan Lee, Black Ships Before Troy (Frances Lincoln), by Rosemary Sutcliff
– Michael Foreman, War Game (Pavilion) @+ Helen Oxenbury, The Three Little Wolves and the Big Bad Pig ( ), by Eugene TrivizasForeman was a distinguished runner-up for the fifth time (once highly commended).
1994 Gregory Rogers, Way Home (Andersen), by Libby Hathorn
+ Helen Oxenbury, So Much (Walker), by Trish Cooke– Chris Riddell, Something Else (Puffin), by Kathryn CaveOxenbury was the lone "Highly Commended" runner-up for the fourth time in six years. The distinction would be used 31 times in 29 years to 2002. Cooke and Oxenbury won the Emils for So Much (Kurt Maschler Award).
1995 to 2002
Through 2002 some runners-up were Commended, including some Highly Commended. Where the entire shortlist is given here (back to 1995), boldface marks the winner, plus (+) marks the highly commended books, and dash (–) marks the commended books.
Henderson and Benson won the Emils for The Little Boat (Kurt Maschler Award).
Lynch won his second medal.
Cooper won her second medal.
This shortlist is incomplete, only the Medalist and Highly Commended (+) or Commended (–) works.
Oxenbury won her second Greenaway Medal. Alice in Wonderland was named one of the top ten Medal-winning works in 2007. She also won her second Emil (Kurt Maschler Award), which was then discontinued (1982 to 1999).
I will not was named one of the top ten Medal-winning works in 2007, and ranked third in public voting from that slate.
Pirate Diary is the latest "information book" to be cited for the medal and the first since 1975. It was the second in a series of four first-person journals, inaugurated by Platt and Riddell in 1999 (Castle Diary) and continued by Platt with another illustrator. Riddell is the third and latest illustrator to be at least commended for the Greenaway for books in a series, following Graham Oakley (Church Mice, 1976 and 1982) and Janet Ahlberg (Jolly Postman, 1986 and 1991).
Graham was the first winning illustrator from Australia. Child was the last "Commended" (–) or "Highly Commended" runner-up; there were 99 distinctions of both kinds in 44 years.
2003 to date
Runners-up within the shortlist are not distinguished since 2002.
Hughes won her second medal.
Riddell won his second medal.
Wolves by Emily Gravett in its U.S. edition was Gravett's first book as author or illustrator, one year out of school. She won the 49th Greenaway Medal, awarded in the 51st year, called fifty for the anniversary celebration in 2007.
Year of presentation after 2006.
Gravett won her second medal for her fourth book, with cover title Little Mouse's Emily Gravett's Big Book of Fears.
Kay and Ness won both the Greenaway and Carnegie Medals for A Monster Calls, the first such double. Two illustrators of Carnegie Medal-winning books had been runners-up for the Greenaway, Charles Keeping (The God Beneath the Sea, 1970) and Michael Foreman (City of Gold, 1980).
Klassen, a Canadian, won the 2013 Caldecott Medal for This Is Not My Hat, recognising the previous year's "most distinguished American picture book for children". This marks the first time that the same book has won both the Greenaway and Caldecott medals and Klassen is the first Greenaway winner from Canada.