Group Group III (dsRNA) Family Reoviridae Genus Seadornavirus | Order Unassigned Subfamily Sedoreovirinae Rank Species | |
Similar Seadornavirus, Banna virus, Coltivirus, Cypovirus, Orthoreovirus | ||
Kadipiro virus (KDV) is a member of the Reoviridae family of viruses. It is an arbovirus and has been isolated from Culex, Anopheles, Armigeres, and Aedes mosquitoes in Indonesia and China. Other members of the genus Seadornavirus have been linked to viral encephalitis, Kadipiro virus has only recently been linked to disease in humans.
Contents
Characteristics
The Kadipiro virus contains 12 segments of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) with a 21,000 base-pair genome. The capsid is icosahedral and naked, though it does temporarily acquire a viral envelope as it buds from a host cell. Seadornavirinae viruses contain and inner, intermediate and outer capsid. The capsid is 70 nanometers in diameter with capsid spikes and 7 structural proteins.
Taxonomy
The Kadipiro virus was once classified as Coltivirus JKT-7075. It has been reclassified to the genus Seadornavirus of the Sedoreovirinae subfamily within the Reoviridae family. The Reoviridae family of viruses have not been assigned to an order. Due to the dsRNA nature of the viral genome, the virus is classified as a Group III virus under the Baltimore classification system.
Since discovery of the Kadipiro virus several strains have been identified. JKT-7075 is now listed as one of those strains.
The Seadornavirus genus contains Banna virus, Kadipiro virus, and Liao ning virus. All three viruses can typically be found where Japanese encephalitis virus and Dengue virus have been reported.
Geography
The Kadipiro virus was once thought to only exist in Indonesia, but has since been isolated from mosquitoes in China and humans in Africa. In 2014, the virus was found in human serum in 2% of 498 studied Kenyans. The range includes the tropics and subtropics.
Virology
The Kadipiro virus was isolated in three mosquito genera: Culex, Anopheles and Armigeres and was grown in laboratory cultures. It was later found in Aedes mosquitoes. It was observed that the virus grew readily in mice and insect cell cultures with cytopathic effects in C6/36 (Aedes albopictus cell line), but was limited to BSR (clones of BHK cells) mammalian cells. No major disease resulted from infection in mice and immunological memory against a subsequent viral challenge was observed.