In numerical analysis, an incomplete Cholesky factorization of a symmetric positive definite matrix is a sparse approximation of the Cholesky factorization. An incomplete Cholesky factorization is often used as a preconditioner for algorithms like the conjugate gradient method.
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The Cholesky factorization of a positive definite matrix A is A = LL* where L is a lower triangular matrix. An incomplete Cholesky factorization is given by a sparse lower triangular matrix K that is in some sense close to L. The corresponding preconditioner is KK*.
One popular way to find such a matrix K is to use the algorithm for finding the exact Cholesky decomposition, except that any entry is set to zero if the corresponding entry in A is also zero. This gives an incomplete Cholesky factorization which is as sparse as the matrix A.
Algorithm
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Implementation
Implementation of the incomplete Cholesky factorization in the Octave scripting language. The factorization is stored as a lower triangular matrix, with the elements in the upper triangle set to zero.