History of Michigan Wolverines football in the Yost era

Hiring of Yost

In January 1901, Langdon Lea resigned after one year as Michigan's head football coach. At the end of the 1900 football season, Stanford University passed a rule requiring all coaches to be alumni. The decision left Stanford's football coach, Fielding H. Yost, who was not an alumnus, without a job. Yost wrote to the University of Illinois in December 1900 seeking a job. Illinois did not have an opening, but the school's athletic director passed along Yost's letter to Michigan athletic director Charles A. Baird. Baird invited Yost to Ann Arbor to interview for the job, and Yost, who had his 30th birthday in April 1901, sent a box of clippings to Baird reporting on his accomplishments and championships as a coach at Ohio Wesleyan (1897), Nebraska (1898), Kansas (1899), Stanford (1900), and San Jose State Normal School (1900). When Yost arrived in Ann Arbor, Baird met him at the train station and hired him on the spot after a brief exchange.

Yost's first recruit after agreeing to coach the Wolverines as Willie Heston. Heston had played for San Jose State Normal School from 1898 to 1900, and Yost coached him briefly in 1900. In the summer of 1901, Yost wrote to Heston inviting Heston to continue his education at Michigan. Heston initially declined, but subsequently agreed and joined Yost in Michigan in late summer. Heston enrolled in the law school in the fall of 1901 and became a key player on the "Point-a-Minute" teams. At five feet eight inches and 185 pounds, Heston was described as being "compact and muscularly built." He was known for his quick starting ability. Archie Hahn, the 1904 Olympic gold medalist in the 100-meter run, was a classmate of Heston at Michigan. Although Heston could not outrun Hahn at the 100-yard distance, he was regularly able to beat Hahn in impromptu 40-yard races.

"Point-a-Minute" teams

In Yost's first five years as Michigan's head coach, the team compiled a record of 55–1–1 and outscored its opponents by a margin of 2,821 to 42. The teams from these years became known as Yost's "Point-a-Minute" teams, owing to the fact that their offensive production resulted in an average of at least one point being scored for every minute of play.

In 1901, Michigan compiled an 11-0 record while outscoring its opponents 550 to 0. The 1901 team scored the highest number of points ever scored in a single season by a recognized team. The team became known for the speed of play, running 219 plays in a single game. The fast pace earned the coach the nickname "Hurry Up" Yost. Michigan defeated the University of Buffalo by a score of 128–0 -- a victory so dominant that Buffalo quit 15 minutes before the game should have ended.

At the end of the 1901 season, Michigan traveled to Pasadena, California, to play against Stanford (the team that had fired Yost one year earlier) in the 1902 Rose Bowl. The game was the first post-season bowl game in college football history. Neil Snow scored five touchdowns, and with Michigan ahead 49-0 and eight minutes remaining, Stanford captain Ralph Fisher asked that the game be stopped, and Michigan agreed.

The 1902 team compiled the school's second consecutive undefeated season and national championship and outscored opponents 644 to 12. The margins of victory run up by the 1902 team included scores of 119–0 against Michigan Agricultural (now known as Michigan State), 107–0 against Iowa, and 86–0 against Ohio State. Michigan's undefeated streak continued through the 1903 and 1904 seasons (with one tie against Minnesota in 1903). The 1904 team ran up the biggest winning margin in school history with a 130–0 victory over West Virginia. Left tackle Joe Curtis scored 49 points against West Virginia on six touchdowns (then valued at five points) and 19 extra points.

The 1905 Michigan team won its first 12 games by a combined score of 495 to 0, continuing its high-scoring tradition. However, in the final game of the season, the Wolverines lost by a score of 2–0 against Amos Alonzo Stagg's Chicago Maroons. The loss to Chicago broke Michigan's 56-game unbeaten streak and marked the end of the "Point-a-Minute" years. The game was lost in the final ten minutes of play when Denny Clark was tackled for a safety as he attempted to return a punt from behind the goal line. Newspapers described Clark's play as "the wretched blunder" and a "lapse of brain work." Clark transferred to M.I.T. the following year and was haunted by the play for the rest of his life. In 1932, he shot himself, leaving a suicide note that reportedly expressed hope that his "final play" would atone for his error at Marshall Field in 1905.

Withdrawal from the Conference

The Michigan football program became mired in scandal in late 1905 and 1906. In November 1905, Stanford president David Starr Jordan wrote a feature article in Collier's magazine making allegations of "professionalism" at Michigan. Jordan accused Yost of traveling across the country "soliciting expert players" who were not true student athletes. Michigan athletic director Baird called Jordan's allegations "the merest bosh" and denied any inducements or special favors for athletes.

Lingering concerns about professionalism and the integrity of amateur athletics led Michigan's president, James Burrill Angell, to call for a conference of Western Conference faculty in January 1906. The gatherings, which became known as the Angell Conferences, condemned the "money end" of football and resolved that university faculty should have charge of gate receipts. The group voted in March 1906 to prohibit summer training, to eliminate professional coaches and the "training table," and to limit the admission price to college athletic events to a maximum of fifty cents.

The reforms also limited member schools to five football games per year. Accordingly, and despite playing 13 regular season games in 1905, Michigan was permitted to play only five games in 1906. Michigan finished 4-1 in 1906, losing the final game of the season to Penn. The Penn game was played in Philadelphia before 26,000 spectators — setting a new record for the highest attendance at a Michigan football game.

A further reform measure that went into effect in 1907 was a provision limiting players' eligibility to three years. The rule was applied retroactively so that many players, including Michigan's captain Germany Schulz, would be ineligible to play as seniors even though they had played as freshman when such play was within the rules. In April 1907, Michigan announced that it would not comply with the new restrictions, and all athletic competition between Michigan and other Western Conference schools was severed.

During the winter and spring of 1908, the controversy over withdrawal from the Western Conference continued. In April 1908, the school's Board in Control of College Athletics voted in favor of withdrawal. Michigan ceased being a member of the conference for the next nine years.

The independent years

Michigan played as an independent from 1907 to 1917. The independent years were not as kind to Yost as his years in the Western Conference. Michigan began the 1907 season with five victories, outscoring opponents 107 to 0, but lost to Penn by a 6-0 score in the final game of the season. In 1908, Michigan lost the final two games of the season to Penn and Syracuse. In 1909, Michigan suffered its first loss to Notre Dame. In 1910, Michigan was led by All-Americans Albert Benbrook and Stanfield Wells and played its only undefeated season of the independent years, compiling a 3–0–3 record.

The 1913 team, led by consensus All-American Jimmy Craig, compiled a record of 6–1, outscored opponents 175 to 21, and shut out four opponents while giving up an average of only three points per game. During its decade-long absence from the Western Conference, Michigan played inter-sectional rivalry games against Penn (12 games in 12 years from 1906 to 1917), Syracuse (10 games from 1908 to 1918), Cornell (7 games from 1911 to 1917), and Vanderbilt (7 games from 1905 to 1914). In the final month of the 1913 season, Michigan defeated its four inter-sectional rivals by a combined score of 106 to 9.

Return to the Conference

In June 1917, the Western Conference faculty representatives voted unanimously to invite Michigan to resume athletic relations with the conference. Michigan rejoined the conference (which became known as the Big Ten) that fall. As the 1917 schedule had already been established, Michigan played only one conference game in 1917.

World War I and the 1918 season

By 1918, the United States was embroiled in World War I. Many University of Michigan students, including athletes, were serving in the military. Team captain Elton Wieman did not play during the 1918 season as he had enlisted in the Aviation Corps. Halfback Eddie Usher was also taken into active military service after the first game of the season.

Three former Michigan football players were killed in the war. One of the casualties was Curtis Redden, star end of Fielding Yost's "Point-a-Minute" teams. In April 1918, newspapers published a letter from Redden to a friend back home describing his unit's "baptism of fire":

"And so it went from day to day, but oftimes the nights were very bad. At night, when the infantry launched its raids, or the enemy his, or the infantry became nervous and called for help, the guns stamped like stallions and snorted their breaths of fire. The blackness of the night became a series of dots and dashes, until the world resembled a vast radio station, spelling hell, hell, and hell again. To this must be added the shriek of shells, the whistle of fragments, the automatic hammer effect of the machine gun, the rattle of the rifle fire, the rockets and star shells out over No Man's land—all combined to make the night weird, hideous, fascinating, sublime."

The Michigan Alumnus published a letter from another Michigan athlete, Cecil F. Cross, recalling memories of football in Ann Arbor:

"The autumn is approaching here. The days are getting shorter and there is a chill in the air ... It seems to bring back the old feeling which is experienced where the smell of football is in the air, the first cold days of autumn and it makes me homesick, though only slightly. Ralph Henning, of Bay City, is here, and though we come from different parts of Michigan and attended different schools, he being the captain of the Michigan Aggies' football team in 1916, we quite frequently talk over the old scenes with which we are both familiar. He, too, has mentioned the feeling of football in the air. If they were to train an army of football players and throw them into the lines, the last weeks of October, with Coach Yost to address them just before the battle, we would score a touchdown the first half, and before Thanksgiving we would have pushed the Germans under their own goal posts and eat dinner in Berlin."

Before the football season began, a rumor spread that football would be abandoned for 1918. Ultimately, the season proceeded but was shortened by World War I travel restrictions and the 1918 flu pandemic. The 1918 Wolverines shared the Big Ten Conference championship with Illinois and finished with a perfect record of 5–0, outscoring opponents 96 to 6. Although no formal mechanism existed in 1918 to select a national champion, the 1918 Michigan team has been deemed a national championship team by the Billingsley Report and the National Championship Foundation.

Post-war years

In 1919, the Wolverines suffered their only losing season under Yost, compiling a record of 3–4 (1–4 Big Ten). After the disappointing 1919 season, Yost began to rebuild, losing two games in 1920 and one game in 1921.

The 1922 team compiled a 6–0–1 record and tied with Iowa for the Big Ten championship. Highlights of the 1922 season included participation in dedication games for Vanderbilt University's Dudley Field, the first large athletic stadium in the South, and Ohio State University's Ohio Stadium. In the latter, the Wolverines shut out the Buckeyes, 19–0. Halfback Harry Kipke led the 1922 team in scoring, handled punting responsibilities, and was selected as a consensus All-American. Left end Bernard Kirk died of meningitis in December 1922 after sustaining a brain injury in an automobile crash. Kirk's funeral was attended by the governor, the university president, and U.S. Congressmen. As eight Michigan teammates lowered his casket, the "husky athletes who battled with him on the football fields for the glory and honor of Michigan sobbed unashamed."

In 1923, Michigan compiled an undefeated record for the second consecutive year and again tied for the Big Ten championship. The team, again led by Kipke, won all eight of its games by a combined score of 150–12 and has been recognized as a national championship team by the Billingsley Report and the National Championship Foundation. On defense, the 1923 team gave up an average of 1.6 points per game, held its first four opponents scoreless, and gave up only one touchdown during the entire season.

1924 season under George Little

Yost retired as Michigan's head football coach before the start of the 1924 season in order to focus on his duties as the school's athletic director. He was replaced as head coach by George Little with Yost serving as an "advisory coach." The Wolverines were in the midst of a 20-game unbeaten streak when they played Illinois in the third game of the season. Red Grange vaulted to national prominence as a result of his performance in the game, returning the opening kickoff for a 95-yard touchdown and scoring five touchdowns in all, including touchdown runs of 67, 56 and 44 yards. The Illini beat Michigan, 39–14, Michigan's first loss since October 1921. The Wolverines lost again to Iowa and finished the 1924 season with a record of 6–2 (4–2 Big Ten). After the 1924 season, Little left Michigan to accept the head coach and athletic director positions at Wisconsin.

Yost's return

In 1925, Yost returned as Michigan's head football coach. His 1925 team compiled a record of 7–1 and outscored opponents by a combined total of 227 to 3. The 1925 team won the Big Ten Conference championship and was ranked second in country in the Dickinson System rankings. The only points allowed by the 1925 team were in a 3 to 2 loss to Northwestern, a game played in a heavy rainstorm on a field covered in mud five or six inches deep in some places. Michigan shut out seven of its eight opponents and allowed only four first downs in the last three games of the season. At the end of the season, Yost called the 1925 Michigan team "the greatest football team I ever coached" and "the greatest football team I ever saw in action."

Yost's 1926 team compiled a 7–1 record (5–0 Big Ten) and tied with Northwestern for the Big Ten championship. During the 1925 and 1926 seasons, quarterback Benny Friedman and left end Bennie Oosterbaan, sometimes referred to as "The Benny-to-Bennie Show," became known as one of the greatest passing combinations in college football history. Both Friedman and Oosterbaan were later inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. Oosterbaan became a three-time All-American and was selected for the All-Time All-American team in 1951, while Friedman would go on to have a Hall of Fame NFL career.

Wieman years

At the end of the 1926 season, Yost retired as head football coach for a second time, and Elton Wieman was appointed as the new head coach. Yost remained as the athletic director and assistant football coach and proved reluctant to cede control of the football team to Wieman. Before the 1928 season began, Yost announced that he would return to his head coaching responsibilities. Yost then announced the night before the season opener that Wieman was once again the head football coach. In October 1928, newspapers reported there had been a break between Yost and Wieman. Wieman reportedly contended that he had never truly been allowed to take control of the team and felt that he was being used as a scapegoat for the team's poor showing. In May 1929, Yost announced that Wieman was no longer a member of the coaching staff. Wieman was replaced as head football coach by Harry Kipke who led Michigan to national championships in 1932 and 1933. Wieman went on to a long and successful career as a football coach at Princeton and an athletic director at Maine and Denver.

Little Brown Jug

The Little Brown Jug rivalry between Michigan and Minnesota developed into one of the sport's top rivalries during the Yost era. The tradition of the Little Brown Jug began when Minnesota played Yost's 1903 "Point-a-Minute" team to a 6-6 tie—breaking Michigan's 28-game winning streak. According to the lore of the Little Brown Jug, Yost was concerned that Gopher fans might contaminate his water supply and sent the team's student manager to purchase a jug from a store in Minneapolis. When the game ended, pandemonium broke out as Minnesota fans stormed the field, and Michigan left the jug behind.

The next day, custodian Oscar Munson brought the jug to L. J. Cooke, head of the Minnesota athletics department, and reportedly declared in a thick Scandinavian accent: "Yost left his yug." Some accounts say that Munson purposely stole the jug in the chaos that ended the game, although most believe it was accidentally left behind. Michigan's student manager, writing in 1956, stated that the jug had served its purpose, so he intentionally left it sitting on the field. Cooke and Munson proceeded to paint the jug and commemorated the day by writing "Michigan Jug – Captured by Oscar, October 31, 1903" on the side of the jug.

When the two schools met in football again in 1909, Cooke proposed playing for the jug. Yost agreed, and the jug became the traveling trophy it is today. Michigan reclaimed the jug in 1909 and defeated Minnesota again in 1910. The teams did not play between 1910 and 1919 due to a Western Conference rule prohibiting member schools from playing Michigan. After Michigan rejoined conference, the teams played in 1919, with Minnesota winning the game and the right to bring the jug back to Minnesota. Michigan then won eight consecutive games against Minnesota from 1920 to 1926 by a combined score of 142 to 13. During the 28 years of the Yost era, Michigan compiled an 11-2-1 record against Minnesota.

Michigan State

The Michigan - Michigan State football rivalry also developed during the Yost era. Prior to 1901, the teams had played only once, in 1898. Michigan's 1902 "Point-a-Minute" team defeated Michigan Agricultural College (as Michigan State was then known) by a score of 119-0, the highest margin of victory in any game between the two programs. The teams did not play again until 1907, and from that point forward, the schools began a tradition of playing each other on a more-or-less annual basis.

In 1908, the Aggies played the Wolverines to a scoreless tie at East Lansing's College Field. As Michigan had won the three prior meetings by a combined score of 204 to 0, the Aggies' fans "went wild with delight" when the game ended.

Michigan won the next three games from 1910 to 1912, but the Aggies surprised the Wolverines in 1913 with their first victory in the series. Michigan's 1913 team was considered one of Yost's best, outscoring all opponents but Michigan Agricultural by a combined score of 168 to 9. The Aggies were led by fullback "Carp" Julian, who scored touchdowns in the first and third quarters, as the Aggies defeated the Wolverines, 12-7, at Ferry Field. The Michigan Alumnus made note of the Aggies' potential as an athletic threat: "This victory with the football tie in 1908, and the Farmers' clean sweep in baseball in 1912, point to the fact that M.A.C. will bear watching by Michigan." In the celebration following the game, the Detroit Free Press reported that two Aggies fans were arrested and jailed for "throwing bottles about the streets" in the early hours of Sunday morning.

The Aggies won again in 1915, but Michigan then won 14 consecutive games from 1916 to 1929. During the entire span of the Yost era, Michigan compiled a 19-2-1 record against Michigan State.

Notre Dame

The Michigan–Notre Dame football rivalry also took on new significance, although the programs met only three times during the Yost era. Michigan won the games played in 1902 (23-21) and 1908 (12-0). In 1909, Notre Dame won for the first time in the series history. Coached by Frank Longman, who had played for Yost at Michigan, Notre Dame defeated Michigan by a score of 11 to 3. The 1909 game gave birth to the "Fighting Irish" nickname. E. A. Batchelor, a sportswriter for the Detroit Free Press, submitted a report on the game with the headline: "'Shorty' Longman's Fighting Irishmen Humble the Wolverines to Tune of 11 to 3." Batchelor opened his report as follows:

"Eleven Fighting Irishmen wrecked the Yost machine this afternoon. These sons of Erin, individually and collectively representing the University of Notre Dame, not only beat the Michigan team, but dashed some of Michigan's greatest hopes and shattered Michigan's fairest dreams."

Notre Dame football historian, John Kryk, later wrote: "With that flowery lead, E.A. Batchelor of the Detroit Free Press popularized a moniker Notre Dame teams would later come to embrace – and aptly summed up the greatest athletic achievement to that point in Notre Dame history." Kryk noted that, according to Notre Dame folklore, Batchelor had overheard a Notre Dame player trying to motivate his teammates at halftime by pleading, "What's the matter with you guys? You're all Irish and you're not fighting worth a lick."

Michigan was scheduled to play Notre Dame again on November 5, 1910. Michigan protested Notre Dame's use of two players (Philbrook and Dimmick) who had reportedly played more than four years of college football. After Notre Dame refused to bench the players, Michigan's Board of Control of Athletics canceled the game. The New York Times reported: "It is understood here that this ends all athletic relations between Michigan and Notre Dame." The two teams did not play again for more than 30 years, the longest break in the history of the storied rivalry.

Ohio State

While the Michigan–Ohio State football rivalry later became regarded as one of the great rivalries in any sport, the rivalry was not competitive for most of the Yost era. During the "Point-a-Minute" years, Michigan won all five games by a combined score of 214 to 6, including an 86-0 score in 1902—the most lopsided game in the history of the series. In late 1912, Ohio State agreed to join the Western Conference starting in 1913. As a result, Ohio State was barred by a Conference rule from playing Michigan, and the two teams did not play from 1913 to 1917.

Ohio State won its first game against Michigan in 1919. Led by All-American Chic Harley, the Buckeyes defeated the Wolverines 13-3 at Ferry Field. The Buckeyes won three straight games against Michigan from 1919 to 1921.

The 1922 game drew intense interest as it was the dedication game for Ohio Stadium and also because of Michigan's three-game losing streak against the Buckeyes. Animosity was also fueled by rumors that Ohio State officials had instigated a Big Ten investigation into the eligibility of Michigan halfback, Doug Roby. A large crowd gathered at the Ann Arbor train station as the Michigan team departed, and Coach Yost spoke briefly, assuring the crowd that the team was "ready for anything the Buckeyes offer." A total of 16,000 Michigan supporters traveled in special Pullman cars and by automobile to Columbus for the game. One newspaper reported on the exodus as follows:

"Automobile parties will start from Ann Arbor on Friday and will form a steady parade between here and Columbus. Students by the hundreds have purchased second hand cars to make the trip and it is expected that these old broken down flivvers will greatly exceed the number of higher price cars."

Michigan won, 19–0, in a game that The New York Times wrote had "crowned the greatest day in mid Western football history." Harry Kipke scored two touchdowns, kicked a field goal and intercepted two passes. The rotunda at Ohio Stadium was painted with maize flowers on a blue background due to the outcome of the 1922 dedication game.

The Wolverines went on to win six consecutive games against the Buckeyes from 1922 to 1927, including the dedication game for Michigan Stadium in 1927. Over the 28 years of the Yost era, Michigan's record against Ohio State was 18-4-1.

Penn

Michigan's most significant rivalry during its independent years was with the Penn Quakers football team representing the University of Pennsylvania. The two schools played every year from 1906 to 1917 as either the final or penultimate game of the season. Penn was one of the dominant football programs of the era, winning seven national championships between 1894 and 1912 (including the 1908 national championship). During the Yost era, Michigan compiled a 4-6-2 record against the Quakers—one of the few teams against which Yost had a losing record.

The first Penn game of the Yost era occurred in 1906. The Quakers shut out the Wolverines, 17-0, before a crowd of nearly 26,000 spectators at Franklin Field in Philadelphia. The start of the game was delayed by half an hour after Yost sought a ruling that Penn's "tackle back" play (in which the tackle dropped back into the backfield as a ball carrier) was illegal under the new rules. The referee, Kelly, agreed with Yost and informed the Pennsylvania team. The Quakers refused to take the field in light of the ruling, and twenty minutes of wrangling followed. Yost reported that the umpire finally approached and said, "Now, Mr. Yost, you act the gentleman and go on the field." Controversy continued when a Penn player shoved Michigan captain John Garrels to the ground after he had punted. The Chicago Daily Tribune wrote that "Gaston slugged Garrels, knocking the big acting captain 'silly' for a few minutes and dazing him for the entire half." After the game, Michigan's trainer, Keene Fitzpatrick noted that "Garrels' face is badly disfigured for the time being." In the Detroit Free Press, Joe S. Jackson wrote that Michigan fans considered the game the first real loss ever suffered by a Yost-coached team, the 2–0 loss to Chicago in 1905 having been dismissed as a fluke. Jackson noted, "However, Ann Arbor may now cut out the proud boast referred to. For a Yost-coached team was beaten today, and it was beaten good."

The teams met at Ferry Field in Ann Arbor for a rematch at the end of the 1907 season. Penn again prevailed, this time by a 6–0 score. The loss was the first sustained by Michigan at Ferry Field. A controversial ruling declaring a Michigan pass illegal resulted in a Michigan touchdown being called back.

The 1908 Penn game solidified the reputation of Michigan center Germany Schulz as one of the toughest players ever to play the game. Michigan lost the game, 29-0, the worst defeat suffered by a Michigan team during the Yost era. However, much of the press coverage focused for years afterward on Schulz's courageous performance. The Toledo Blade wrote that the Penn players, knowing that Schulz was "the power in the Michigan game," pummeled him throughout the game: "Every time Schultz started anywhere he would find a couple of Penn men digging headfirst into his stomach. They would elbow him, jam him with the straight arm, and if he went to the ground in a scrimmage there generally would be a knee grinding him in the wind." Yost said of Schulz's performance: "He gave the greatest one-man exhibition of courage I ever saw on a football field." From the 1920s through the 1950s, the story was told, re-told and likely embellished in columns by Grantland Rice and others. According to one account, Schulz refused to leave the game: "It was a scene I shall never forget—the giant Schulz, towering above the rest of the combatants, literally dragged off the field, tears streaming down his mud-spattered cheeks as he frantically protested his removal from the game." Another account, published in 1951, reported that Schulz played with the "strength of Samson", and Penn "put five men -- center, both guards and both tackles—on the Wolverine giant," and the game was scoreless until Schulz was "carried from the field."

The Wolverines finally defeated the Quakers in 1909 by a score of 12-6. Penn had won the 1908 national championship and was in the midst of a 23-game winning streak. The game marked the first time a Western team had defeated one of the "Big Four" (Harvard, Yale, Princeton and Penn) which had dominated the sport of college football since the game originated almost 40 years earlier. Right halfback Joe Magidsohn scored both of Michigan's touchdowns within the first ten minutes of the start of the game. Magidsohn was also the first Jewish player to win a varsity "M" at the University of Michigan.

After playing to a scoreless tie in 1910, Michigan defeated Penn for the second time in the series in 1911 by a score of 11-9. The 1911 game was played in an icy blizzard at Ferry Field. The New York Times described the play that resulted in the winning touchdown as a "trick play" in which the Michigan blockers started to the right with Penn's defense following. The ball was the tossed to Jimmy Craig far to the left side of the field. The Times called Craig Michigan's "offensive and defensive hero" in a "clean, snappy, spectacular, thrilling" game.

The Wolverines lost to Penn in 1912, but rebounded with a 13-0 victory in 1913. The 1913 Michiganensian (the University of Michigan yearbook) devoted four full pages to an account of the Penn game and concluded: "That glorious triumph will go down the vista of the years as one of the greatest and most satisfactory tributes paid to Yost genius, and the undying spirit at Michigan." Playing in his last game for Michigan, Jimmy Craig scored both Michigan touchdowns and intercepted a pass at midfield. Two days after the game, E. A. Batchelor reflected on the game and concluded that the victory was "a splendid example of what good coaching in the fundamentals of football will do for a team." He opined that the blocking was the best ever seen on Ferry Field and "as near perfect as anything in the line of football could be."

In 1914, Michigan won its most decisive victory over Penn during the Yost era, outscoring the Quakers 34 to 3. John Maulbetsch, who was known as the "Featherweight Fullback" due to his small size, scored two touchdowns in the game. From 1915 to 1917, the teams met three more times, playing to a scoreless tie in 1915 and Penn winning the games of 1916 and 1917.

Vanderbilt

During the Yost era, Michigan also developed the first inter-sectional rivalry with a team from the South—the Vanderbilt Commodores. The rivalry was based on a close personal relationship between Yost and Vanderbilt coach Dan McGugin. McGugin had played for Yost on the 1901 and 1902 "Point-a-Minute" teams and was an assistant coach for the 1903 team. McGugin also married the sister of Yost's wife, making the two brothers-in-law. In 1904, McGugin became the head football coach at Vanderbilt where he built the Commodores into one of the leading football programs in the country. Between 1905 and 1923, Michigan and Vanderbilt played nine games with Michigan winning eight of the games. The most famous game in the Michigan-Vanderbilt series was the 1922 game in which undefeated teams from both schools played to a scoreless tie. The 1922 game was also the official dedication game for Vanderbilt's new stadium, Dudley Field, the first large athletic stadium in the South.

Stadiums

Michigan played its home games in three different stadiums during the Yost era as follows:

Biff, the Michigan Wolverine

For a short time during the Yost era, the Michigan football team had a live wolverine mascot named "Biff, the Michigan Wolverine." In 1923, after seeing the University of Wisconsin football team carry live badgers at games, Coach Yost decided to procure a wolverine. Despite writing letters to 68 trappers, Yost was reportedly unable to find a wolverine. The best he could do in 1924 was to obtain a mounted and stuffed wolverine from the Hudson's Bay Company.

In 1927, the Detroit Zoo acquired ten wolverines from Alaska. Yost struck a deal with the zoo to have two of the wolverines transported to Ann Arbor on football Saturdays. The two wolverines were nicknamed "Biff" and "Bennie" and were paraded around Michigan Stadium during football games. Biff and Bennie's first appearance came on dedication day for Michigan Stadium in 1927. As Biff and Bennie "grew larger and more ferocious," Yost joked, "It was obvious that the Michigan mascots had designs on the Michigan men toting them, and those designs were by no means friendly." Accordingly, the practice of bringing Biff and Bennie into the stadium ended after just one season. An article in National Geographic magazine reported that "Yost had not accounted for the rapid growth or the ferocity of the animals, and when his players were no longer willing to carry the wolverines around the stadium, one live mascot, 'Biff,' was turned over to the University of Michigan Zoo so that the students would be able to visit—and be inspired by—him."

Fight songs

The Michigan football team had a number of songs associated with it during the Yost era. The current fight song, "The Victors", was composed by Michigan student Louis Elbel in 1898 following a last-minute football victory over the University of Chicago. Despite its popularity in later years, "The Victors" was not an immediate hit. According to a longtime historian of Michigan music matters, "it had disappeared from campus" from 1900 to 1909.

The songs played most frequently at Michigan football games during the first decade of the Yost era were "The Yellow and Blue" (with lyrics by Michigan English and Latin professor, Charles Mills Gayley) and a version of the popular ragtime song, "There'll Be a Hot Time in the Old Town Tonight" with special Michigan lyrics. The latter was considered to be Michigan's school song during the early 1900s.

"The Victors", with its reference to Michigan as the "champions of the West" also lost its appeal after Michigan withdrew from the Western Conference. A new fight song called "Varsity", written by Michigan students Earl V. Moore and J. Fred Lawton, debuted in October 1911. When Michigan rejoined the Conference in 1917, "The Victors" began to be played again. However, it was not until the 1920s that "The Victors" was played more often than "Varsity."

First radio broadcast

On October 25, 1924, WWJ radio in Detroit conducted the first live broadcast of a Michigan football game, a 21-0 victory over Wisconsin. The announcers for the game were Ty Tyson and Leonard "Doc" Holland who were required to pay for tickets and set up their microphone in the stands of the east end zone. According to the Bentley Historical Library at the University of Michigan, radio stations had previously broadcast recreations of football games, but the 1924 Michigan-Wisconsin game was "believed to be the first 'live' broadcast originating directly from a football stadium." Tyson and Holland continued to broadcast Michigan football games on WWJ radio for many years. Tyson also broadcast the first regularly scheduled baseball game and has been called "the world's first sports broadcaster."

Assistant coaches and trainers

Athletic directors and administrators