David Baker (composer)

Early life

Baker was born in Indianapolis, Indiana, and attended Crispus Attucks High School. He was educated at Indiana University, earning the Bachelor of Music degree in 1953 and the Master of Music in 1954. Baker studied with J. J. Johnson, János Starker, and George Russell.

His first teaching position was at Lincoln University in Jefferson, Missouri in 1955. Lincoln is a historic black institution, but it had recently begun to admit a broad diversity of students. Baker had to resign his position under threats of violence after he had eloped to Chicago to marry white opera singer Eugenia ("Jeannie") Marie Jones. Missouri still had anti-miscegenation laws. One of Baker's students at Lincoln University was the composer John Elwood Price.

Musical performer

Baker thrived in the Indianapolis jazz scene of the time, serving as a mentor of sorts to Indianapolis-born trumpeter Freddie Hubbard. Originally a trombonist, he was forced to abandon that instrument after a jaw injury left him unable to play (although he played on the George Russell Sextet album Ezz-thetics after sustaining the injury). Following the injury, he learned to play cello.

Author and teacher

Baker's shift to cello largely ended his career as a performer and marked a period of increased interest in composition and pedagogy. Among the first and most important people to begin to codify the then largely aural tradition of jazz he wrote several seminal books on jazz, including Jazz Improvisation in 1988.

Baker taught in the Jazz Studies Department at Indiana University. As an educator he helped make Indiana a highly regarded destination for students of jazz. His students included Michael Brecker, Randy Brecker, Peter Erskine, Jim Beard, Chris Botti, Jeff Hamilton, and Jamey Aebersold.

His big band music was recorded by the Buselli–Wallarab Jazz Orchestra in 2005 on the album Basically Baker.

Composer

Baker's compositional works are often cited as examples of the Third Stream Jazz movement, although they run the gamut from traditional jazz compositions intended for improvisation, to through-composed symphonic works. He wrote over 2,000 compositions.

Baker was commissioned by more than 500 individuals and ensembles, including Josef Gingold, Ruggerio Ricci, Janos Starker, Harvey Phillips, the New York Philharmonic, St. Paul Chamber Orchestra, Beaux Arts Trio, Fisk Jubilee Singers, Trumpeter David Coleman, Louisville Symphony, Ohio Chamber Orchestra, the Audubon String Quartet, and the International Horn Society. His compositions, tallying over 2,000 in number, range from jazz and sonatas to film scores. He received significant media attention for his Concertino for Cell Phones and Orchestra, premiered in Chicago in October 2006, with a European premiere in Dvorak Hall, Prague, Czech Republic.

Awards and honors

Baker was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize in 1973 and a Grammy Award in 1979. He was honored three times by Down Beat magazine: as a trombonist, for lifetime achievement, and in 1994 as the third inductee to their jazz Education Hall of Fame. He received the National Association of Jazz Educators Hall of Fame Award (1981), President's Award for Distinguished Teaching (1986) from Indiana University, the Arts Midwest Jazz Masters Award (1990), and the Governor's Arts Award of the State of Indiana (1991).

Memberships

A dedicated music educator as well as composer and performer, Baker's involvement in music organizations encompassed membership on the National Council on the Arts; board positions for the American Symphony Orchestra League, Arts Midwest, and the Afro-American Bicentennial Hall of Fame/Museum; and past chairs of the Jazz Advisory Panel to the Kennedy Center and the Jazz/Folk/Ethnic Panel of the National Endowment for the Arts. He was president of the International Association for Jazz Education, president of the National jazz Service Organization, and senior consultant for music programs for the Smithsonian Institution.

Pianist Monika Herzig of Indiana University wrote a book about Baker. David Baker: A Legacy in Music was published in 2011 by Indiana University Press.

Personal life and death

Baker performed with his second wife Lida, a flautist, since the 1990s. He died on March 26, 2016, at age 84 at his Bloomington, Indiana home. He is survived by his wife and daughter.

Discography

With John Lewis

With George Russell

With Charles Tyler