Entrez 5817 | Ensembl ENSG00000073008 | |
 | ||
External IDs OMIM: 173850 HomoloGene: 9672 GeneCards: PVR | ||
CD155 (cluster of differentiation 155) also known as the poliovirus receptor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PVR gene.
Contents
Function
CD155 is a Type I transmembrane glycoprotein in the immunoglobulin superfamily. Commonly known as Poliovirus Receptor (PVR) due to its involvement in the cellular poliovirus infection in primates, CD155's normal cellular function is in the establishment of intercellular adherens junctions between epithelial cells. The role of CD155 in the immune system is unclear, though it may be involved in intestinal humoral immune responses. Subsequent data has also suggested that CD155 may also be used to positively select MHC-independent T cells in the thymus.
The external domain mediates cell attachment to the extracellular matrix molecule vitronectin, while its intracellular domain interacts with the dynein light chain Tctex-1/DYNLT1. The gene is specific to the primate lineage, and serves as a cellular receptor for poliovirus in the first step of poliovirus replication.
Structure
CD155 is a transmembrane protein with 3 extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains, D1-D3, where D1 is recognized by the virus.
Low resolution structures of CD155 complexed with poliovirus have been obtained using electron microscopy while a high resolution structures of the ectodomain D1 and D2 of CD155 were solved by x-ray crystallography.