Alfred Hindmarsh

Early life

Hindmarsh was born in Port Elliot, Australia, and was the grandson of Rear-Admiral John Hindmarsh, the first Governor of South Australia. His grandfather was recalled to England in 1938, but his father, also named John Hindmarsh, returned to South Australia and worked as a lawyer. Alfred Hindmarsh lost his mother when he was age ten and his father remarried. He was educated at St Peter's College in Adelaide.

The family moved to Napier, New Zealand, in 1878. Hindmarsh trained as a lawyer in Dunedin, and was admitted to the bar in 1891, when he briefly worked in Christchurch at the Supreme Court (since renamed as High Court). He settled in Wellington living in Derwent Street, Island Bay. While living there he married Winifred Taylor on 3 October 1892.

Early career

Politically, Hindmarsh was left-wing (though contemporaries never described him as being a true socialist) and held a number of positions in the local labour movement. Most notably, he headed the Wellington branch of the Seamen's Union during the internal disputes of the 1890s. In this role, he argued against the traditional alignment of unions with the governing Liberal Party, instead advocating an independent labour voice in Parliament. In 1901, Hindmarsh himself stood for the Wellington City Council, but was unsuccessful, coming third to last with only 2,028 votes. However, in 1905, backed by the new Independent Political Labour League (IPLL) which he had helped found, he was elected. He remained a city councillor until 1915. Between 1906 and 1907 he served as the League's president.

Member of Parliament

In the 1905 general election, Hindmarsh stood as an IPLL candidate for Parliament in the Newtown electorate. Of the four candidates, he came a distant last. In the 1911 general election, he was elected in Wellington South as a candidate for the original Labour Party in the second ballot. Hindmarsh was one of four Labour candidates elected in 1911, he was assisted in his campaign in Wellington South by two future Labour MPs, Jim Thorn and Walter Nash who were delighted at the party's success.

In the following year, 1912, the party was relaunched as the United Labour Party, with Hindmarsh still a member. In 1913, the United Labour Party itself agreed to merge with the Socialist Party to form the Social Democratic Party, but Hindmarsh believed that the resulting party would be too extreme. Hindmarsh chose became one of a group of United Labour loyalists who remained outside the Social Democrats, forming a loosely organised "remnant" faction.

In 1915, when the Social Democrats and the United Labour remnant (along with a labour-aligned independent) agreed to form a united caucus, Hindmarsh was selected as the groups chairman. The following year, most of this caucus agreed to establish the modern Labour Party — Hindmarsh was chosen to remain the new party's parliamentary leader during its period of establishment, a position he held until his death. While occupying the position of chairman, Hindmarsh was noted to be a man of great personal attraction and was easily able to establish friendships, even when differing opinions were concerned. This was of great benefit in his position as the recently formed Labour Party had many individuals with both differing personalities and clashing ideas.

One of these was conscription. Hindmarsh differed from most of his party colleagues by not opposing conscription and two of his sons fought in the war. He clarified his stance by stating "I do not object to conscription... [but] the State has a duty to the individual".

Death

Winifred Hindmarsh died in 1916. Alfred Hindmarsh died in Wellington in office on 13 November 1918 in the influenza epidemic of 1918. He was survived by four children.