Supriya Ghosh (Editor)

1765

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1765 (MDCCLXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (dominical letter F) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Saturday (dominical letter B) of the Julian calendar, the 1765th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 765th year of the 2nd millennium, the 65th year of the 18th century, and the 6th year of the 1760s decade. As of the start of 1765, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Contents

January–June

  • January 23 – Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor marries Princess Maria Josepha of Bavaria in Vienna.
  • March 9 – After a public campaign by the writer Voltaire, judges in Paris posthumously exonerate Jean Calas of murdering his son. Calas had been tortured and executed in 1762 on the charge, though his son may have committed suicide.
  • March 22 – The Parliament of Great Britain passes the Stamp Act, imposing the first direct tax levied from Great Britain on the thirteen American colonies. This is to help pay for British military operations in North America.
  • March 24 – Great Britain passes the Quartering Act, requiring the thirteen American colonies to house British troops.
  • May – James Watt makes a breakthrough in the development of the steam engine by constructing a model with a separate condenser.
  • May 18 – Fire destroys one quarter of the town of Montreal, Quebec.
  • June 21 – The Isle of Man is brought under British control, the Isle of Man Purchase Act (coming into force 10 May) confirming HM Treasury's purchase of the feudal rights of the Dukes of Atholl as Lord of Mann over the island and revesting them into the British Crown.

    • July–December

  • August 9 – Russian Empress Catherine II issues a decree authorizing the new way to produce vodka (by freezing).
  • August 16 – Treaty of Allahabad was signed. The Treaty marks the political and constitutional involvement and the beginning of Company rule in India.
  • August 14 – In protest at the Stamp Act, Bostonians attack the home of official Andrew Oliver.
  • August 18 – Josef II becomes Holy Roman Emperor.
  • August 26 – In protest at the Stamp Act, Bostonians destroy home of lieutenant governor Thomas Hutchinson.
  • September 6 – Jean-Jacques Rousseau's house in Switzerland is stoned by a mob.
  • September 21 – François Antoine announces he has killed the Beast of Gévaudan.
  • October 17 – The Pennsylvania Gazette reports that a Mr. McCullough, the Distributor of Stamps for the Royal Colony of North Carolina, has resigned his post in protest at the Stamp Act. A Dr. Huston is appointed to the position.
  • November 1 – The Stamp Act goes into effect in the thirteen American colonies.
  • December 12 – The Pennsylvania Gazette reports that Dr. Huston, the recently instated Distributor of Stamps for the Royal Colony of North Carolina, has resigned his post in protest at the Stamp Act.

    • Date unknown

  • The first chocolate factory in the Thirteen Colonies is established by Dr. James Baker at Dorchester, Massachusetts.
  • The first true restaurant opens in Paris, where a tavern-keeper named Boulanger sells cooked dishes at an all-night place on the Rue Bailleul.
  • In Lisbon, the auto-da-fé parade (often an excuse for violence against Jews or Christian 'heretics') is abolished.
  • Desai Atash Behram is established in Navsari, India.
  • Catherine the Great establish the first secondary education school for non-noble females in Russia: the Novodevichii Institute for the daughters of commoners.

    • Births

  • January 11 – Antoine Alexandre Barbier, French librarian (d. 1825)
  • January 23 – Thomas Todd, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1826)
  • February 1 – Charles Hatchett, English chemist (d. 1847)
  • February 8 – Joseph Leopold Eybler, Austrian composer (d. 1846)
  • February 22 – Meta Forkel-Liebeskind, German writer and scholar (d. 1853)
  • March 7 – Nicéphore Niépce, French inventor (d. 1833)
  • March 27 – Franz Xaver von Baader, German philosopher and theologian (d. 1841)
  • April 1 – Luigi Schiavonetti, Italian engraver (d. 1810)
  • April 6 – Duke Charles Felix of Savoy (d. 1831)
  • April 11 – Gertrudis Bocanegra, Mexican national heroine (d. 1817)
  • April 26 – Emma, Lady Hamilton, English mistress of Horatio Nelson (d. 1815)
  • June 5 – James Smithson, British mineralogist, chemist and posthumous founder of the Smithsonian Institution (d. 1829)
  • June 15 – Henry Thomas Colebrooke, English orientalist (d. 1831)
  • July 14 – Abigail Adams Smith, firstborn daughter of Abigail Adams and John Adams (d. 1813)
  • July 26 – Jean-Baptiste Drouet, Comte d'Erlon, French marshal (d. 1844)
  • August 4 – Claire Lacombe, French actress and political activist.
  • August 21 – King William IV of the United Kingdom (d. 1837)
  • September 16 – Harry Burrard-Neale, British Royal Navy officer and politician (d. 1840)
  • September 18 – Pope Gregory XVI (d. 1846)
  • September 29 – Karl Ludwig Harding, German astronomer (d. 1834)
  • October 8 – Harman Blennerhassett, Irish-American lawyer (d. 1831)
  • October 17 – Henri Jacques Guillaume Clarke, duc de Feltre, French marshal and politician (d. 1818)
  • October 24 – James Mackintosh, Scottish publicist (d. 1832)
  • November 14 – Robert Fulton, American inventor (d. 1815)
  • November 17 – Jacques MacDonald, French marshal (d. 1840)
  • November 20 – Sir Thomas Fremantle, British captain and politician (d. 1819)
  • November 28 – George William Manby, English author and inventor (d. 1854)
  • December 8 – Eli Whitney, American inventor (d. 1825)
  • December 22 – Johann Friedrich Pfaff, German mathematician (d. 1825)
  • date unknown
  • Mary Bryant, one of the first successful escapees from the fledging Australian penal colony

    • Deaths

  • February 2 – Teresia Constantia Phillips, British autobiographer (b. 1709)
  • February 4 – Jean-Jacques Blaise d'Abbadie, Director-general of the Colony of Louisiana (b. 1726)
  • February 9 – Elisabetta de Gambarini, English composer (b. 1731)
  • March 3 – William Stukeley, English archaeologist (b. 1687)
  • March 27 – Arthur Dobbs, Irish politician and governor of the Royal Colony of North Carolina (b. 1689)
  • April 5 – Edward Young, English poet (b. 1683)
  • April 15 – Mikhail Lomonosov, Russian author and scientist (b. 1711)
  • April 20 – Abigail Williams, American accuser in the Salem witch trials (b. 1681)
  • May 17 – Alexis Clairaut, French mathematician (b. 1713)
  • July 15 – Charles-André van Loo, French painter (b. 1705)
  • August 18 – Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1708)
  • September 2 – Henry Bouquet, Swiss-born British army officer (b. 1719)
  • October 10 – Lionel Sackville, 1st Duke of Dorset, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (b. 1688)
  • October 21 – Giovanni Paolo Panini, Italian painter and architect (b. 1691)
  • October 31 – Prince William, Duke of Cumberland, English military leader (b. 1721)
  • November 30 – George Glas, Scottish merchant and adventurer (b. 1725)
  • December 3 – Lord John Sackville, English cricketer (b. 1713)
  • December 16 – Peter Frederick Haldimand, Swiss-born military officer and surveyor
  • December 25 – Prokop Diviš, Czech scientist (b. 1698)

    • References

    1765 Wikipedia
    (Text) CC BY-SA