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24 March - Queen Elizabeth I dies at Richmond Palace aged 69, after 45 years on the throne, and is succeeded by her distant cousin King James VI of Scotland (where he has ruled since 1567), thus uniting the crowns of Scotland and England. Elizabeth was never married and had no children, neither did her only legitimate siblings, the late Mary and Edward VI.
April - Thomas Cartwright delivers his Millenary Petition, demanding an end to ritualistic practices, and signed by 1,000 Puritan ministers, to the King.
25 July - Coronation of James I as King of England in Westminster Abbey.
17 November - Ralegh goes on trial for treason in the converted Great Hall of Winchester Castle. He is found guilty but his life is spared by the King at this time and he is returned to imprisonment in the Tower of London.
5 November - Gunpowder Plot: A plot to blow up the Houses of Parliament is foiled when, following an anonymous tip-off (passed to Lord Monteagle in October), Sir Thomas Knyvet, a justice of the peace, finds Catholic plotter Guy Fawkes in a cellar below the Parliament building and orders a search of the area, finding 36 barrels of gunpowder. Fawkes is arrested for trying to kill King James I and the members who were scheduled to sit together in Parliament the next day. Fawkes speaks the legendary words: "Remember, remember, the Fifth of November".
31 January - Fawkes and his co-plotters are executed by hanging, drawing and quartering.
10 April - Charter of 1606: The First Charter of Virginia is adopted, by which King James I of England grants rights to the Virginia Company (comprising the London Company and Plymouth Company) to settle parts of the east coast of North America.
12 April - First version of the Union Flag created, designed by Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham, to be worn at the maintopmast of English and Scots ships.
May - Severe penalties are imposed for Catholic recusancy, and for refusal to take an Oath of Allegiance to James to serve in public office, by An Act for the better discovering and repressing of popish recusants (proclaimed law 22 June).
27 May - Second session of Parliament under King James prorogued.
7 August - Possible first performance of Shakespeare's tragedy Macbeth.
18 November - Third session of Parliament begins.
26 December (St. Stephen's night) - One of the first performance of Shakespeare's tragedy King Lear, before the King at Whitehall.
1607
30 January - Bristol Channel floods (a possible tsunami) result in the drowning of an estimated 2,000 people, with 200 square miles (518 km2) of farmland inundated.
late April - Start of Midland Revolt against land enclosures. The rebels are referred to as "Levellers".
14 May - Jamestown, Virginia, is established as the first permanent English settlement in North America.
20 May - London publisher Thomas Thorpe issues Shake-speares Sonnets, with a dedication to "Mr. W.H.", and the poem A Lover's Complaint appended; it is uncertain whether this publication has Shakespeare's authority.
25 July - The London Company's ship Sea Venture, en route to relieve the Jamestown settlement, is driven ashore in Bermuda, thus effectively first settling the colony.
26 July - English scientist Thomas Harriot becomes the first to draw an astronomical object after viewing it through a telescope: he draws a map of the Moon, preceding Galileo by several months.
11–12 September - Explorer Henry Hudson's ship Halve Maen sails into Upper New York Bay and begins a journey up the Hudson River.
12 October - A version of the rhyme "Three Blind Mice" is published in Deuteromelia or The Seconde part of Musicks melodie (London). The editor, and possible author of the verse, is the teenage Thomas Ravenscroft. This collection follows his publication of the first rounds in English, Pammelia.
Plantation of Ulster proceeds: Protestant English and Scots settlers take over forfeited estates of rebel leaders.
